Predictors of mortality and morbidity in soft tissue infections of the lower limb: A Prospective nested case control study

OBJECTIVES: To assess the various parameters that predicts the mortality and morbidity in patients with soft tissue infections of the lower limb. METHODS: A nested case control study was designed with a sample size of fifty five in each arm. Patients were recruited and based on the outcome they were grouped under one of the two arms: non mortality, non morbidity arm and mortality, morbidity arm. From the data collected, univariate and multivariate analysis were done to find significant variables predicting mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The significant variables that predict morbidity in patients with soft tissue infections are neutrophilia, low sodium and elevated temperature at presentation. The significant variables that predict mortality in patients with soft tissue infections are diabetes mellitus, requirement of ventilator support and requirement of dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: The significant variables that predict morbidity in patients with soft tissue infections are 1. Neutrophilia in differential count with a p value of 0.079. 2. Low sodium with a p value of 0.008. 3. Elevated temperature at presentation with a p value of 0.029. The significant variables that predict mortality in patients with soft tissue infections are 1. Diabetes mellitus as a co morbid illness with a p value of 0.014. 2. Requirement of ventilator support with a p value of 0.000. 3. Requirement of dialysis with a p value of 0.026

ചെറുകിട കുടില്‍ വ്യവസായ മത്സ്യസംസ്കരണ രംഗത്ത് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന വര്‍ദ്ധിത മത്സ്യോല്പന്നങ്ങള്‍ (Value added fish products in small scale cottage industrial fish processing sector) Malayalam

ചെറുകിട കുടില്‍ വ്യവസായ മത്സ്യസംസ്കരണ രംഗത്ത് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന വര്‍ദ്ധിത മത്സ്യോല്പന്നങ്ങള്‍ (Value added fish products in small scale cottage industrial fish processing sector) Malayala

Spectral Clustering with Jensen-type kernels and their multi-point extensions

Motivated by multi-distribution divergences, which originate in information theory, we propose a notion of `multi-point' kernels, and study their applications. We study a class of kernels based on Jensen type divergences and show that these can be extended to measure similarity among multiple points. We study tensor flattening methods and develop a multi-point (kernel) spectral clustering (MSC) method. We further emphasize on a special case of the proposed kernels, which is a multi-point extension of the linear (dot-product) kernel and show the existence of cubic time tensor flattening algorithm in this case. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of our contributions using standard data sets and image segmentation tasks.Comment: To appear in IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognitio

Empirical feed formulations for the marine ornamental fish, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus (Linne 1758) and their physical, chemical and nutritional evaluation

Formulated feeds containing a common ingredient mixture (CIM) consisting of ¢shmeal (anchovies), shrimp meal (Acetes), squid meal (Loligo) and soybean meal incorporated in ascending levels to obtain protein levels ranging from 180 to 560 g kg1(18.34%, 25.35%, 36.27%, 46.61% and 56.28%) and an energy level of 19MJ kg1 were fed to the marine ornamental ¢sh, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus o200mg and 200^300 mg in size for periods of 35 and 63 days. Theo200mg ¢sh accepted particleso0.5mm in size and showed maximumgrowth in terms of absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and speci¢c growth rate (SGR) with the feed containing 380 g kg1 CIM having a protein content of 362 g kg1

Development of formulated dry feed for marine aquariculture

Breeding and seed production of marine ornamental fishes in India was pioneered by CMFRI. Clown fishes and damsel fishes were the candidate species in aquariculture whose life cycles were closed and batches of 1000-1500 fishes from one brood were available for scientific investigations and sale from 2006 onwards

Mariculture nutrition research at CMFRI

Mariculture is now accepted as an alternative to augment marine fish production in the backdrop of dwindling capture fisheries. CMFRI has prioritized mariculture research in three areas which are marine food fish production, production of high value marine cru staceans, and ca ptive breeding and propagation of selected marine ornamental fishes for breeding and conserva tion

Identification of antioxidant enzyme genes of the Indian edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) through polymerase chain reaction

When an organism is exposed to stress by way of environmental fluctuations or pathogenic attack, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause severe oxidative damage to the cells and hamper the cellular as well as membrane functions, are produced. In order to counter these effects, the cells activate the production of antioxidant enzymes which play pivotal role in removing ROS and maintaining the homeostasis within the cells. Crassostrea madrasensis is a promising bivalve species, living in intertidal region amidst a variety of stressors. In the present study, the RNA was isolated from gills and cDNA synthesised by Reverse Transcription PCR (RT- PCR) and amplification of these c DNA were carried out using a combination of different primers designed for super oxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).. The PCR generated amplicons of 464 bp, 171 bp and 147 bp of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GPX respectively were purified and sequenced. Similarity search in NCBI - BLAST confirmed these sequences as the respective antioxidant enzyme genes. The amino acid profile of Cu/Zn-SOD deduced from the sequences representing original reading frame (ORF) on InterProScan analysis was found to contain the characteristic Cu and Zn binding domains. PCR with the SOD specific primer pair resulted in the amplification of ORF of SOD with both genomic DNA and C-DNA as templates. This indicates the intronless nature of SOD gene, an adaptation to initiate fast expression at times of stress, as observed in certain other stress related genes such as the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70). This is the first report on the molecular detection and identification of antioxidant enzyme genes of Indian edible oyster

Molecular identification of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene in the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) and Indian brown mussel Perna indica Kuriakose & Nair, 1976

Bivalves are constantly exposed to different kinds of stressors as they live in a habitat with frequent changes in environmental parameters. The xenobiotic pollutants also contribute to the stressful routine of bivalves. Studies on the genes which mediate and contribute to the physiological plasticity of bivalves in stressful situations, induced by natural and anthropogenic agents are gaining importance. Among the stress related genes, HSP family genes play an important role in managing stress induced by various factors. Recent reports underline the role of heat shock proteins in thermo tolerance, host defense and even in aging. Here we report the molecular expression and detection of heat shock protein genes (Hsp70) from the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and the Indian brown mussel Perna indica with unique distribution in Indian waters. The c- DNA reverse transcribed from the total RNA of gill was used as template in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify Hsp70 gene segments with primers designed from the conserved nucleotide sequences of Crassostrea gigas and Perna viridis. PCR products were sequenced, and the similarity search in NCBI-BLAST confirmed the molecular identity of targeted genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp gene sequence data reveals the unique position of the Indian edible oyster and Indian brown mussel among the other counterparts inhabiting rest of the world. This stands out as the first report on the expression and PCR amplification of stress related genes from Indian bivalves

Water-mediated variability in the structure of relaxed-state haemoglobin

The crystal structure of high-salt horse methaemoglobin has been determined at environmental relative humidities (r.h.) of 88, 79, 75 and 66%. The molecule is in the R state in the native and the r.h. 88% crystals. At r.h. 79%, the water content of the crystal is reduced and the molecule appears to move towards the R2 state. The crystals undergo a water-mediated transformation involving a doubling of one of the unit-cell parameters and an increase in water content when the environmental humidity is further reduced to r.h. 75%. The water content is now similar to that in the native crystals and the molecules are in the R state. The crystal structure at r.h. 66% is similar, but not identical, to that at r.h. 75%, but the solvent content is substantially reduced and the molecules have a quaternary structure that is in between those corresponding to the R and R2 states. Thus, variation in hydration leads to variation in the quaternary structure. Furthermore, partial dehydration appears to shift the structure from the R state to the R2 state. This observation is in agreement with the earlier conclusion that the changes in protein structure that accompany partial dehydration are similar to those that occur during protein action

A robust W-state encoding for linear quantum optics

Error-detection and correction are necessary prerequisites for any scalable quantum computing architecture. Given the inevitability of unwanted physical noise in quantum systems and the propensity for errors to spread as computations proceed, computational outcomes can become substantially corrupted. This observation applies regardless of the choice of physical implementation. In the context of photonic quantum information processing, there has recently been much interest in passive linear optics quantum computing, which includes boson-sampling, as this model eliminates the highly-challenging requirements for feed-forward via fast, active control. That is, these systems are passive by definition. In usual scenarios, error detection and correction techniques are inherently active, making them incompatible with this model, arousing suspicion that physical error processes may be an insurmountable obstacle. Here we explore a photonic error-detection technique, based on W-state encoding of photonic qubits, which is entirely passive, based on post-selection, and compatible with these near-term photonic architectures of interest. We show that this W-state redundant encoding techniques enables the suppression of dephasing noise on photonic qubits via simple fan-out style operations, implemented by optical Fourier transform networks, which can be readily realised today. The protocol effectively maps dephasing noise into heralding failures, with zero failure probability in the ideal no-noise limit. We present our scheme in the context of a single photonic qubit passing through a noisy communication or quantum memory channel, which has not been generalised to the more general context of full quantum computation.Comment: Updated draft to accepted version in Quantu