OTKRIVANJE I KLASIFIKACIJA BOLESTI USJEVA NA TEMELJU INFORMACIJSKOG HIBRIDNOG PRISTUPA

The objective of this paper to identify the diseases in the leaves of the all plants. Plant disease diagnosis helps to improve both the quality and quantity of crop productivity. In existing, to detect the diseases they used the spectroscopic techniques. These techniques are very expensive and can only be utilized by trained persons only. This work proposes an approach for the detection of leaf diseases based on the characterization of texture, shape and color properties. The detection of diseases which are detected using ISRC(improved sparse Representation Classifier) technique. First the GENABC clustering approach is applied to the input image to segment the affected area. Then extract the features from the affected area by using feature extraction techniques. In this paper Improved Transform Encoded Local Pattern used to extract the texture feature, Enhanced Gradient Feature (EGF) to extract the shape and Improved Color Histogram Techniques(ICH) are used to extract the color. And then these features are given to the ISRC classifier to get the exact type of disease on affected leaves. To analyze the performance of the proposed method we use four metrics. They are classification accuracy, error rate, precision value and recall value. From the analysis of experimental results, the ISRC method provides the best result than the existing approach.Cilj ovog rada je identificirati bolesti u listovima svih biljaka. Dijagnoza biljnih bolesti pomaže poboljšati kvalitetu i količinu produktivnosti usjeva. Za otkrivanje bolesti koriste se spektroskopske tehnike. Te tehnike su vrlo skupe i mogu ih koristiti samo obučene osoba. Ovaj rad predlaže pristup za otkrivanje bolesti listova na temelju karakterizacije svojstava teksture, oblika i boja. Otkrivanje bolesti koje se detektiraju uporabom ISRC tehnike. Najprije se primjenjuje GENABC klastering pristup na ulaznu sliku za segmentiranje pogođenog područja. Zatim se ekstrahiraju značajke sa zahvaćene površine pomoću tehnika ekstrakcije značajki. U ovom se radu koristi poboljšana transformirana enkodirana lokalna shema koja se koristi za izdvajanje značajki teksture, poboljšane značajke gradijenata (EGF) za izdvajanje oblika i poboljšane tehnike hektologije boja (ICH) za izdvajanje boje. Zatim se ove značajke daju ISRC klasifikatoru kako bi dobili točnu vrstu bolesti na zahvaćenom lišću. Za analizu izvedbe predložene metode koristimo četiri metrike. To su točnost klasifikacije, stopa pogrešaka, preciznost i vrijednost opoziva. Iz analize eksperimentalnih rezultata ISRC metoda daje bolji rezultat od postojećeg pristupa

SESAMOL ANTAGONIZES ROTENONE-INDUCED CELL DEATH IN SH-SY5Y NEURONAL CELLS

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of sesamol against rotenone-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells associated with Parkinsonism.Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. After differentiation, the cells were incubated with rotenone (20 μM) and sesamol at different concentrations (10-100 μM). Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology were determined by dichlorofluorescein diacetate, rhodamine 123 and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione level were determined by standard assays.Results: Sesamol significantly increased the cell viability and decreased the rotenone-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Sesamol antagonized rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear damage. Sesamol also decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level, increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and increased the level of glutathione in rotenone-induced cells.Conclusion: The results obtained strongly indicate the promising neuroprotective role of sesamol against rotenone-induced death in SH-SY5Y cells

Prescription pattern in cases of ischemic stroke in general medicine department in Government General Hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh

Background: Stroke, as a one of the leading causes of mortality and disability, is also very preventable and curable disease. Pharmacotherapy plays an important role in prevention of first-ever stroke as well as secondary cerebrovascular accident. We aimed to evaluate the prescription pattern in cases of ischemic stroke and to check whether rationale prescription of drugs in ischemic stroke patients is being followed in our hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in inpatient department of general medicine in government general hospital, Kakinada for a period of six months from April to September 2018. A total of 306 prescriptions of ischemic stroke were selected randomly and prescriptions patterns were assessed and analyzed.Results: Out of the 306 cases, 183 were males (59.80%) and 123 were female (40.19%). Aspirin was given in 88.23% of the patients, Atorvastatin in 97.05%, Clopidogrel in 24.50%, antihypertensives in 67.64%, B complex in 88.23%, Pantoprazole in 85.29% of the patients. Physiotherapy was advised in 47.05% of the patients. Among anti hypertensives, Amlodipine was given in 73.91% patients.Conclusions: Anti hypertensives, lipid lowering agents like Atorvastatin along with anti-platelet drugs like Aspirin and Clopidogrel were commonly prescribed for ischemic stroke cases for treatment and secondary prevention. Antacids and Multivitamin tablets were given as concomitant drugs. Present study showed a rationale utilization of drugs in ischemic stroke patients

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of terbinafine and itraconazole in superficial mycoses: a prospective, randomized, controlled and cost-effective analysis study

Background: Superficial mycoses are common worldwide. Dermatophytic infections can greatly affect quality of life. Several newer antimycotic agents, have been reported effective and safe. Hence this study was planned to analyse effectiveness as well as cost effectiveness of these treatments.Methods: It were a prospective, randomized, parallel, open label, comparative study. Fifty patients were included in the study and divided into 2 groups. They were randomized to receive either oral terbinafine 250 mg or itraconazole 100 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Scaling, erythema and pruritus were rated as clinical score 0 to 3: 0 - absent, 1 - mild, 2 - moderate, and 3 - severe for the above three target symptoms. Total symptom score was assessed. Pruritus was also graded on visual analogue scale (VAS). Mycological cure was assessed by skin scraping with KOH mounts and fungal culture. Clinical efficacy scoring and VAS were assessed before the study and at each follow up visit at 2 and 4 weeks. Patients were followed up for another 4 weeks after completion of the treatment.Results: There was highly significant decrease p<000.1 in the mean total symptoms scores in both the study groups from baseline. No significant difference in the mean total symptoms score was observed when compared between groups. ADRs were more in terbinafine group.Conclusions: Both terbinafine and itraconazole are effective and safe against superficial mycoses, but adverse effects are more with terbinafine. Itraconazole was found to be cost effective compared to terbinafine

Asymptomatic secondary abdominal pregnancy diagnosed 12 years after tubectomy

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare obstetric complication with high maternal mortality. Advanced abdominal pregnancy is rare and accounts for 1 in 25,000 pregnancies. 32 years’ lady, P2L2, last child birth and interval tubectomy by modified Pomeroy’s method 12 years ago, reported with Amenorrhoea of two months with vague lower abdominal pain since 2 days. Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen and pelvis showed an extrauterine viable pregnancy of 20+ weeks POG with no hemoperitoneum. she travelled 4 hours by road to her hometown, for second opinion and was referred back to our institution. A laparotomy was done; hemoperitoneum of 1.5 litres was noted. The sac with the live foetus inside with placental implantation seen on entire left fallopian tube except the fimbrial end and a small portion of omentum was noted. Left salpingectomy with excision of the sac with the foetus along with partial omentectomy was performed. Patient received two units of PRBC postoperatively

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DARUNAVIR BY DIAZOTIZATION AND COUPLING BY VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Objectives: This proposed work describes simple and extraction free visible methods for the estimation of darunavir ethanolate (DNV) in bulk and tablet formulations. The methodology involves diazotization of DNV with nitrous acid followed by coupling with chromotropic acid (CA) (Method A)/ Bratton Marshall Reagent (Method B)/α-naphthol (Method C) to form colored products.Methods: All the methods were developed using a PerkinElmer (LAMBDA 25) UV–Visible spectrophotometer interfaced with UV Win lab software and 1 cm quartz cells. Results: Spectrophotometrically, DNV is estimated at 520 nm, 544 nm, and 464 nm for the reddish-pink color produced by CA, dark violet color with NED, and dark-greenish yellow with α-naphthol, respectively. The linear relationship was observed between absorbance and the corresponding concentration of drug in the range of 100–350 μg/mL, 10–100 μg/mL, and 10–60 μg/mL for Methods A, B, and C, respectively.Conclusion: The colorimetric methods were extensively validated as per the ICH guidelines. The developed methods were proven to be more accurate and precise by the statistical analysis

Glycosylated hemoglobin as an efficacious tool for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus

The incidence and prevalence of GDM is on the rise worldwide and, more so in developing countries including India. GDM is associated with maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidities. Current guidelines recommend GDM screening only at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Diagnosis of GDM in later half of pregnancy leads to fetal and maternal morbidities in spite of good glycemic control. This necessitates the use of a simpler, convenient, accurate, and reliable test, which can predict GDM in early gestation. Our article reviews the scope of using HbA1c for GDM and its efficacy in screening GDM

Aflatoxin B1 production in chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) kept in cold stores

An attempt has been made to isolate and enumerate the mycoflora invading chillies kept in cold storage since May, 1999. Chilli pods were collected from the cold stores at monthly intervals for a period of one year between December 2002 to November 2003. The incidence of molds on unsterilized as well as surface sterilized samples was recorded. Species of Aspergillus found to be dominant on stored chillies were screened for antimicrobial activity. The toxins from A. flavus and A. niger exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. Incidences of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. and Mucor spp. was low on stored chillies when compared to Aspergillus spp. Chilli seeds aseptically collected from the pods were also tested for mycoflora. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in chilli pods kept in cold storage was tested. Results from HPLC analysis revealed that the samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 to the extent of 5.5 &#181g Kg-1. Key words: Chillies, aflatoxin B1, cold storage.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), pp. 791-79