Integrating Local Binary Pattern Image Transformations and Customized Deep Learning Models for Enhanced Fetal Cardiac Anomaly Detection

This research focuses on developing a deep learning diagnostic model for diagnosing fetal cardiac anomalies from real time ultrasound scan images. The dataset framed in the previous research is transformed using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) technique which is trained with the deep learning models to create the classifiers. These models are used to classify the Real Time images captured by ultrasound scanning machines. The LBP is a texture image feature. LBP captures the local structure and patterns within an image by comparing the intensity values of each pixel with its surrounding neighbours. The LBP operator assigns a binary code to each pixel based on the comparison results, resulting in a texture representation of the image. The FetaEcho_V05 dataset is transformed into an LBP image dataset titled as FetalEcho_V0501. This dataset is used for creating the classifiers by training the custom CNN(CCNN), AlexNet, VGG16 and ResNet50 deep learning models. The classifiers are evaluated for its overall classification performance and class wise evaluation performance using the metrics the precision, recall, accuracy and F1 score metrics. When the overall performance is considered, the CCCNN model performed the best on the FetalEcho_V0501 dataset

Fetal haemoglobin and alpha 1 microglobulin as biochemical markers in predicting preeclampsia in late first trimester and early second trimester of pregnancy

Background: Preeclampsia is a multi system disorder with placenta as the organ of origin and maternal endothelium being the organ of target.  According to recent studies, the cell free haemoglobin induces oxidative stress mediated damage to the blood placenta barrier with consequently elevated levels of HbF in maternal blood. Alpha 1 microglobulin is an endogenous protein with antioxidant property, present in elevated levels in maternal blood in response to oxidative stress. This fact forms the basis for our study. The objective of the present study was to establish association between high levels of fetal hemoglobin and alpha 1 microglobulin in plasma of pregnant women between 10 to 16 weeks of gestational age and subsequent development of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ISO -KGH, between December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 100 pregnant women were included in the study after getting informed written consent. Both primigravida and multigravida, belonging to age group of 20 to 35 years (singleton/ multiple) between 10 to 16 weeks GA and with BMI between 16 to 35 kg/m2 were included in the study. A woman with Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Renal disease, Epilepsy and Vascular disorders were excluded from the study.Results: The cut off value for alpha 1 microglobulin was 1.86ng/ml and the cut off value of fetal haemoglobin was 1.92ng/ml above which the pregnant women develop preeclampsia.Conclusions: Higher values of fetal hemoglobin and alpha 1 microglobulin in pregnant women between 10 to 16 weeks gestational age positively correlates with development of preeclampsia in those women

Volume Integral Theorem for Exotic Matter

We answer an important question in general relativity about the volume integral theorem for exotic matter by suggesting an exact integral quantifier for matter violating Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC). It is checked against some well known static, spherically symmetric traversable wormhole solutions of general relativity with a sign reversed kinetic term minimally coupled scalar field. The improved quantifier is consistent with the principle that traversable wormholes can be supported by arbitrarily small quantities of exotic matter.Comment: 7 page

Crystallographic Stability of Metastable Phase Formed by Containerless Processing in REFeO3 (RE: Rare-Earth Element)

Undercooling a melt often facilitates a metastable phase to nucleate preferentially. Although the classical nucleation theory shows that the most critical factor for forming a metastable phase is the interface free energy, the crystallographic stability is also indispensable for the phase to be frozen at ambient temperature. In compound materials such as oxides, authors have suggested that the decisive factors for forming a critical nucleus are not only the free energy difference but also the difference of the entropy of fusion between stable and metastable phases. In the present study, using REFeO3 (RE: rare-earth element) as a model material, we investigate the formation of a metastable phase from undercooled melts with respect to the competitive nucleation and crystallographical stabilities of both phases

Screening for non-communicable diseases

Background: This study was conducted to enumerate the results of screening for non-communicable diseases in the NCD clinic over a period of one year in a tertiary health centre.Methods: The results from screening tests conducted in the NCD clinic, for detecting hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and cervical cancer, in Government tertiary care Hospital for Women, Chennai, were recorded. The flowchart and screening methods followed were those recommended by the NHM - NPCDCS. Data thus obtained was analyzed using standard statistical methods.Results: Of 42,519 women screened for common non communicable diseases - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and cervical cancer, nearly 5.55% women (n = 2359) had positive results, for any one of the diseases screened. Of 11,708 women screened for diabetes mellitus and 13,971 screened for hypertension, positive results were found in 856 women and 1,216 women respectively. Around 7,568 women were screened for cervical cancer and 175 women tested positive. A large number of 9,272 women were screened for breast cancer and 112 women had positive results. As per the guidelines, women who tested positive for screening tests were referred to the concerned departments in RGGGH.Conclusions: Nearly 42,519 women were screened for common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and cervical cancer, and 5.55% women had positive test results for any one of the diseases screened. The screening revealed, 8.7% of women had raised blood pressure, 7.31% had raised blood sugar levels, 1.21% women had positive screening test results for breast cancer, and 2.31% women for cervical cancer

Fabrication of micromirrors with pyramidal shape using anisotropic etching of silicon

Gold micro-mirrors have been formed in silicon in an inverted pyramidal shape. The pyramidal structures are created in the (100) surface of a silicon wafer by anisotropic etching in potassium hydroxide. High quality micro-mirrors are then formed by sputtering gold onto the smooth silicon (111) faces of the pyramids. These mirrors show great promise as high quality optical devices suitable for integration into MOEMS systems

Inhibition of free radical activity by dual PPAR α and PPAR γ agonist using analytical assay methods

Background: Overproduction of free radicals involved in the pathology of a wide variety of clinical disorders. Poor glycaemic control in diabetic people leads to free radical production responsible for diabetic related complications. Antioxidants produces resistance against the oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals may useful in treating diabetic related complications. Saroglitazar is a newer antidiabetic drug act on dual Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor Agonist α (PPAR α) and PPAR γ agonist with protection effect on Diabetes mellitus induced lipid dystrophy. Our study was done to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant effect Saroglitazar by 1, 1 Diphenyl 2 Picryl hydrazide (DPPH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) method.Methods: In this study, we demonstrated invitro antioxidant activity by using 10 mg/dl stock solutions of Saroglitazar. DPPH and NO free radical scavenging test were done for different concentration of Saroglitazar.Results: Saroglitazar showed concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay. In DPPH assay at higher concentration 1000ug concentration showed 49.18% free radical scavenging activity. At lower concentration 10ug showed 17.18% free radical scavenging activity. NO scavenging activity at lower concentration 100ug showed 55.15% activity. But the higher concentration (1000ug) only slight increase in 60.15% activity.Conclusions: Thus Saroglitazar invitro antioxidant analysis proved that it is a potent antioxidant

Antipsoriatic activity of Cassia auriculata L. flowers in Freund’s adjuvantformaldehyde induced animal model

The plant Cassia auriculata L. belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae) used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes, ulcers, leprosy, conjunctivitis, liver and skin diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the antipsoriatic effect of the ointments 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) containing ethanol extract of the flowers of C. auriculata using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and induced animal model and also evaluated for its physical parameters. Antipsoriatic effect of 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) ointments was evaluated by the phenotypic features (redness, erythema, and scales) in terms of psoriasis severity index (PSI) and histological features (epidermal thickness and degree of orthokeratosis). Evaluation of physical parameters for the prepared ointments showed satisfactory results with an acceptable condition of consistency for application. 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) ointments treated animals showed a significant (*P <0.05) increase in the orthokeratinocyte layer and a significant (**P <0.01) reduction in the epidermal layer of skin treated with 1.0% (w/w) ointment with a progressive reduction (**P <0.01) in the severity of psoriatic lesions (erythema, redness, and scales) from day 7 to 21st day. The present investigations revealed that the flowers of Cassia auriculata possess antipsoriatic activity, confirming their traditional use in skin disorders