Design and Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Emission and Through-Space Charge Delocalization Studies

Over the past decades, a variety of pi-conjugated organic materials have been explored as potential charge transport materials in conducting layers of photovoltaic devices. The performance of these devices critically depend on the efficiency with which the charge carriers (electrons and/or holes) move within the pi-conjugated materials present in their hole and electron conducting layers before their collection at the electrode. Hence, a large amount of research effort is devoted not only to the preparation of new pi-conjugated organic molecules for charge transport applications but also in understanding the nature of charge transport along the molecule (intra-chain) as well as between the molecules (through space or inter chain) when they are packed together in different orientations and varied extent of overlapping. As a model mimicking the packing of organic chromophores with varying degree of overlap in conducting layers of photovoltaic devices, a series of alkyl substituted pyrenes with incrementing bulk around the pyrene chromophore was prepared. The structure-activity relationship was studied by evaluating the effect of introducing the sterics on pyrene core upon pi-pi stacking as observed in monomer/excimer emission as well as that of binding ability of cation radical with its neutral counterpart to form a dimeric cation radical. The electronic and steric influence of aryl groups on the pyrene core was evaluated by preparing a series of tetraaryl substituted pyrenes. A series of nanometer size tetraarylethylenes with increasing emission quantum yields was also prepared and the optoelectronic properties were studied. Using 9-position of fluorene backbone for the attachment of solubilizing groups; 2,7-position for the Suzuki coupling reaction; and 3,6-position for Scholl reaction, a number of new emissive chromophores including doubly annulated fluorenes, helicenes and molecular hubs for the construction of dendrimeric structures were also prepared and the optoelectronic properties were studied

An Effect of Merger on Financial Performance of Corporate Sector in India

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Isolation and X-ray Structural Characterization of Tetraisopropylpyrene Cation Radical

A practical synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetraisopropylpyrene and the isolation and X-ray structural characterization of its monomeric cation radical salt are described

Role of Sthanic Chikitsa in Stree Roga: An Ayurveda Review

Ayurveda put health of women on prime focus and gives detailed description on Stree Roga and their management through Ayurveda approaches. The common gynecological problems are Yonidaha, Yonikandu, Yoni paicchilya, Yoni strava, Yoni karkashata, Vamini and Upapluta yonivyapad, etc. The disturbed pattern of menstruation also causes many gynecological problems associated with female health. Ayurveda explains many ways for curing gynecological disorders especially Yoni Roga requiring local therapeutic measures, Sthanik Chikitsa is one of them which offers therapeutic relieves in various Stree Roga. Yoni-Pichu, Yoni Dhoopan, Yonidhawan, Yoni-Lepana, Uttarbasti, Yoni-Varti and Agnikarma, etc. are common approaches of Sthanik Chikitsa which are useful in many gynecological problems. These all approaches of Ayurveda help to maintain good health status of women and relives symptoms of white discharge, itching, burning micturation, foul smell and discharge, etc. These non-surgical and less invasive techniques offers health benefits to retain reproductive health of female and does not imparts severe side effects. Present article explains role of Sthanic Chikitsa in various Stree Roga

Soft Photocatalysis: Organic Polymers for Solar Fuel Productions

Solar fuel generation has attracted vast research interest as an environmentally benign means of producing energy from sunlight for catering to the ever growing world energy demands. As an alternative to inorganic semiconductors, organic polymers have entered the stage as promising photocatalytic systems offering a yet unprecedented scope for molecular engineering and precise tuning of optoelectronic properties. This perspective presents an overview of the development, state-of-the-art, and growth perspectives of this emerging field and highlights recent advances in photocatalyst design with a particular focus on structure property-activity relationships in structurally well-defined 2D polymers for hydrogen evolution

Performance Analysis of Domestic Refrigerator with modified Evaporator using PCMC (Phase Change Material for Cooling) and Measure Cut-off Time of Compressor

This paper aims to investigate the performance of domestic refrigerator with the use of phase change material for cooling (PCMC). For experiment and analysis of system PCMC is compared with water and readings were taken. For the easement of performance normal refrigerator box is replace by a small size box. The results confirm that the use of PCMC is advantageous to system in manner of increases in performance of refrigerator and also economic point of view. To prove the concept, mainly cut-off time of compressor is focused and whole analysis based on that

Impact of a Low-Stakes Assessments Model with Retake in General Chemistry: Connecting to Student Attitudes and Self-Concept

Across a variety of fields, the use of low-stakes assessments has led to reductions in achievement gaps and improved student success. Here, we probe the use of a low-stakes assessment model with a retake option for failed quizzes in a two-semester general chemistry sequence. We find that the quiz-retake rate in general chemistry II was significantly higher for students who had completed a retake in a general chemistry I section, and the percentage of students who failed at least one quiz in general chemistry I but passed all quizzes in general chemistry II was significantly higher for students who had retaken at least one quiz in general chemistry I. However, across both semesters only 40% of students who failed a quiz and were offered a retake completed one. To examine this trend, we probed a connection to student attitudes and self-concept. As instruments, we used version 2 of the Attitudes towards Chemistry Subject Inventory (ASCIv2) and the Chemistry Subject Concept Inventory (CSCI), which were administered across all sections of our general chemistry I course in the fall 2021 semester, and the results subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Two sections employed low-stakes assessments (quizzes), with one section offering a retake option, while the remaining two used a traditional assessment pattern of five exams. The instruments were applied again for the quiz-retake section of general chemistry II, affording a longitudinal comparison of students common to both sections. In a pairwise comparison, we find significant increases in factors corresponding to Intellectual Accessibility and Chemistry Self-Concept for students in the quiz-retake sections across semesters, with the former more pronounced for men and the latter for women. We take these results to provide additional data supporting the benefit of low-stakes assessments with a retake option, that may be particularly impactful for women in chemistry

Gall bladder dysfunction in chronic diabetics (type 2): an ultrasonography based prospective study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is commonest endocrine disorder now a days and its prevalence is continuously rising in India due to spread of modern life style so its associated complications are also increasing. Gall bladder is one of the commonly affected organs in chronic diabetics, most probably due to autonomic neuropathy which adversely affects gall bladder motility and provokes bile stasis.   Methods: This institution based prospective study had been performed among 100 chronic diabetics; randomly selected from diabetic clinic of department of medicine, people’s college of medical science and research centre, Bhopal M.P. India. Only those patients selected for study who have type 2 diabetes mellitus more than 5 yr and have well controlled sugar levels. 100 controls/volunteers were selected for comparative evaluation. All patients and volunteers had undergone abdominal ultrasonography for any existing hepatobiliary pathology and to measure fasting and post fatty meal gall bladder volume.Results: Among 100 chronic diabetics seventy-six (76%) patients didn’t show any hepatobiliary abnormality however cholelithiasis was seen in thirteen (13%) patients, cholecystitis in five (5%) patients and sludge was seen in six (6%) patients.  In group of 100 controls ninety-one (91%) didn’t show any hepatobiliary pathology however cholelithiasis was detected incidentally in four (4%) persons, cholecystitis in two (2%) persons and sludge in three (3%) persons.  Significant difference is observed in fasting gall bladder volume of chronic diabetics and controls (p value- 0.001). Major difference is also observed in percentage of gall bladder contraction among chronic diabetics and controls (p value- 0.001).Conclusions: Higher fasting gall bladder volume and decreased percentage of contraction both are observed in patients of chronic diabetes mellitus attributed to autonomic neuropathy. Prolonged stasis of bile leads to complications e.g. cholelithiasis, cholecystitis and sludge deposition as late outcome. Hepatobiliary ultrasonography in chronic diabetics can be used as screening tool for early diagnosis of complication and to avoid its serious consequences when presents in emergency and undergone for surgery.