Comparision of efficacy of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid, Pap smear and colposcopy for prevention of cervical cancer

Background: Cervical cancer is second most common cancer in women globally. Overall 80% cases occurs in developing countries.  An important reason for the high incidence of cervical cancer in developing countries is the lack of effective screening programs to detect precancerous conditions and treat before it progresses to invasive cancer due to severe restrictions on the availability of infrastructure, resources and funding. Aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of VIA, Pap smear and colposcopy with colposcopic directed biopsy (as a gold standard). Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted on 200 women’s (age>19 years) with abnormal cervix in the Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College Kota from 1 august 2020 to 31 July 2022 who fulfil the Inclusion criteria. All the Symptomatic patients with symptoms like vaginal discharge postcoital bleeding, itching, and other gynaecological problems along with asymptomatic patients with accidental finding of bad cervix (cervical erosion). Results: Maximum cases had common complaint of discharge per vaginum (60.55%), followed by post coital bleeding (11.5%). VIA when compared with HPR, had sensitivity 94.85% and specificity 74.76% and corresponding PPV 78% and NPV 94%. Paps smear when compared with HPR, the sensitivity was 62.89% and specificity was 89.32% and corresponding PPV 84.72% and NPV 71.88%. Colposcopy when compared with Histopathological report, the sensitivity was 70% and specificity was 91.26% and corresponding PPV 88.3% and NPV 76.4%. Conclusions: Best result for early detection of pre-invasive lesions could be with combined use of Pap smear, VIA, colposcopy and colposcopy guided biopsy rather than any individual diagnostic procedure. It will immensely reduce the morbidity and mortality

Visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant: Cleaning the environment by novel ZrCdPbO₄

460-466Heterogeneous photocatalysis is found an effective technique for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater breaking them into smaller fragment of molecules that can easily be biodegraded further. Present work comprises of photocatalytic degradation of Crystal Violet dye (CV) which is found more resistant and more stable and so generates toxicity in the environment. A novel quaternary metal oxide is synthesized for this purpose and is characterized by various analytical techniques. XRD is carried out to obtain the crystal structure, EDX is carried to know about the elements present in the material, XPS is carried to know the oxidation states of the elements, FE-SEM is done for getting the crystal arrangements and morphology of the material. Combined results of these analyses suggest the formula of prepared material to be ZrCdPbO4. Further UV-Vis analysis is used to calculate the band gap which comes out to be 5eV. This material is then used as photocatalyst for degradation of CV in heterogeneous conditions. A kinetic study is carried and it is observed that the reaction follows pseudo first order rate law. Optical density is recorded and different factors are varied to obtain optimum conditions for maximum degradation

Comparative Study to Evaluate Role of Amoxclav and Levofloxacin in Managing Acute Sinusitis: An Institutional Based Study

Background: Acute rhinosinusitis is defined pathologically by transient inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses lasting less than 4 weeks. A vast majority of patients have the tendency to recover without the use of antibiotics but in patients with prolonged or severe disease, the use of antibiotics should be given consideration. The present study was conducted to compare the amoxclav and levofloxacin in managing acute sinusitis.Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted to compare the amoxclav and levofloxacin in managing acute sinusitis. The patients were divided into two groups, in Group I patient’s amoxicillin-clavulanate was given and in Group II levofloxacin was given. Patient’s complete demographic details were recorded. Assessment of all the patients was done and data was collected. The recorded data was compiled, and data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the present study, a total of 240 subjects were enrolled, 120 subjects belonged to Group I in which amoxclav was given and in patients of Group II, levofloxacin was given. In both the groups, majority of the subjects were between 40-50 years of age. There were 40.83% in Group I and 45.83% in Group II who belonged to this age group. The clinical outcome of the therapy showed that there were 53.33% cases in Group I and 49.16% cases in Group II who were completely cured. 28.33% Improved cases were seen in Group I and 25.83% cases of Group II. No improvement was seen in 18.33% cases of Group I and 25% cases of Group II.Conclusion: The present study concluded that Amoxclav completely more cases than levofloxacin. Improved cases were also more with amoxclav. Failed cases were more with levofloxacin. this shows that clinical outcome with amoxclav was better than levofloxacin

Anti-N antibody reacting at 37°C: An unusual occurrence interfering with routine testing: Two interesting cases

Most anti-N antibodies are naturally occurring, IgM antibodies, and not active above 25°C and are not clinically significant but IgG anti- N has also been described. Immune anti-N resulting from multiple transfusions does occur & has been implicated as the cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions and mild hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. Anti- N reacting at room temperature can be a cause for ABO blood group discrepanc

Rationally designed biomimetic bone scaffolds with hierarchical porous-architecture: Microstructure and mechanical performance

A biomimetic strategy was adopted by incorporating nano-fluorcanasite (nFC) within biocompatible and biodegradable poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix to obtain functionally tuned bio-nanocomposite bone scaffolds. A hybrid approach was adopted using fused deposition modelling, solvent casting and thermally induced phase separation to develop the scaffolds. Phase evolution study through X-ray diffraction revealed dominant crystalline phases (fluorcanasite and fluorapatite) and enhanced crystallinity of the scaffolds. Microstructural investigation through field emission-scanning electron microscopy revealed interconnected gradient porosities and hierarchical (meso, micro and macro) porous architecture within the scaffolds similar to natural bone. The elemental mapping study further confirmed higher calcium:phosphate (Ca:P) ratio upon nFC incorporation, desirable for bone repair. The volume visualisation through X-ray micro-computed tomography confirmed the presence of porous micro-architecture and homogenous dispersion of nFC particulates within the scaffolds. Mechanical performance of the bio-nanocomposite scaffolds was also found to be enhanced to sustain the load against pore collapse. Enhanced cell viability and cellular proliferation response with human osteosarcoma bone cells established the in-vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Finally, this study opens up a unique pathway in the fabrication of biomimetic bone scaffolds with a highly conducive cellular environment

Prevalence of risk factors for platelet transfusion refractoriness in multitransfused hemato-oncological patients at tertiary care center in North India

Background: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and assess the risk factors responsible for platelet transfusion refractoriness in hemato-oncological patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 patients. Twelve were clinically diagnosed as aplastic anemia and the 18 were of acute myeloid leukemia. A prospective 3 months follow-up was planned to monitor the response of platelet transfusion therapy, based on their posttransfusion corrected count increment at 1 st and 24 th h. Based on the observations, patients were categorized into refractory and nonrefractory groups. Common nonimmunological causes such as fever, sepsis, bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation, chemotherapy, splenomegaly, ABO mismatch, and antithymocyte globulin therapy were monitored. Among the immunological causes, presence of antihuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antibodies and platelet glycoprotein antibodies in patient′s serum were monitored. Results: During the study period, 17 (56.66%) patients did not show desired platelet count increment. Transfusion requirements of refractory group for both red cell and platelet product were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to nonrefractory group. Among immunological causes, anti HLA class I antibodies (P < 0.013), antihuman platelet antigen-5b antibodies (P < 0.033) were significantly associated with refractoriness. Among nonimmunological causes, bleeding (P < 0.019, odd ratio 8.7), fever (P < 0.08, odd ratio 5.2), and infection (P < 0.07, odd ratio 5.4) were found to associated with refractoriness. Conclusion: Platelet refractoriness should be suspected in multitransfused patients not showing expected increment in platelet counts and thoroughly investigated to frame further guidelines in order to ensure proper management of these kind of patients

Population Dynamics of the Coriander Aphids in Hyper Arid Region of Rajasthan and their Correlation with Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Population dynamics of coriander aphid and their correlation with biotic and abiotic factors were studied at instructional farm of the department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, SKRAU Bikaner during Rabi, 2020-21 and 2021-22. The incidence of coriander aphid, H. coriandri (Das) commenced in the fourth week of January (4th SMW) and remained active throughout the crop season i.e. upto third week of March during both the years (2020-21 and 2021-22). The population of H. coriandri increased gradually and attained its peak in last week of February/first week of March (9th SMW) during both the years. After peak aphid population started declining and reached to low levels in the 11th SMW near maturity of the crop during both the years. Simultaneously the occurrence of predator, Coccinella septempunctata coincided with the population of aphids during both the years. Maximum and minimum temperatures had positive correlation with aphid population during both the years i.e. 2020-21, 2021-22. Morning and evening relative humidity showed negative correlation with aphid population. whereas, population of C. septempunctata was significant positively correlated with aphid population during both years.&nbsp