Developing cloud-based web application for measuring and improving production efficiency using Evocon OÜ as an example

Käesoleva töö raames valmib veebiteenus, mille abil on võimalik tootmisettevõtetes mõõta ning visualiseerida tootmistõhusust ning saada sisendit tootmisprotsesside parendamiseks. Tootmisettevõtete tootlikkuse tõstmine läbi protsesside parendamise on tänapäevases tiheneva konkurentsiga maailmas järjest olulisem. Töö alguses analüüsitakse tootlikkuse mõõtmise teooriat ning mõõtmise olukorda Eestis. Töö teises pooles kirjeldatakse arendatava pilveteenuse arhitektuuri, riistvara ja tarkvara loomise projekti ning põhjendatakse tehtud valikuid. Töö lõpus analüüsitakse loodud süsteemi vastavust nõuetele ning kirjeldatakse tekkinud probleeme

Machine for bending electroactive polymers

Elektroaktiivsed polümeerid (EAP) on materjalid, mis muudavad elektrivoolu mõjul oma mõõtmeid või kuju. Tänu sellele omadusele on neid materjale võimalik kasutada täituritena. Elektroaktiivset polümeeri välise jõuga painutades tekib selle elektroodidel pinge, millest tulenevalt saab antud materjale kasutada ka sensorina. Polümeersetest materjalidest täiturite uurimis- ja arendusprotsessi tarvis on Tartu Ülikooli Tehnoloogiainstituudis ja mujal maailmas juba konstrueeritud mitmeid erinevaid EAPde omadusi mõõtvaid seadmeid. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on disainida ja ehitada seade, mis painutaks elektroaktiivset polümeerset materjali ning võimaldaks painutamise käigus testida materjali sensoromadusi. Seadme tööpõhimõte seisneb pehmete materjalide mehaanilises painutamises ning selle tulemusel kahe elektroodi vahele tekkiva pinge mõõtmises. Valmistatava seadme eripäraks on see, et sellega pehmet materjali painutades vastab materjali kuju igal painutusnurgal teatud raadiusega ringjoone kaarele. Käesolev bakalaureusetöö koosneb viiest peatükist. Esimeses peatükis antakse ülevaade elektroaktiivsetest polümeeridest. Teises peatükis käsitletakse erinevaid seadmeid, mille abil on varem EAPde omadusi uuritud. Käesoleva töö raames valminud seadmele esitatud nõuded on toodud kolmandas peatükis. Neljandas peatükis tutvustatakse ehitatud seadme tööpõhimõtet, konstruktsiooni, kasutatud elektroonikat ja tarkvara. Viimases peatükis analüüsitakse loodud seadme parameetreid ja seadmega tehtud proovimõõtmiste tulemusi

Paromphacodes rubristellata Warren 1897

<i>Paromphacodes rubristellata</i> Warren, 1897 <p> <i>Paromphacodes rubristellata</i> Warren, 1897: 429 (Type locality: [Colombia] Bogota); Prout (1912): 118; Prout (1932): 43; Pitkin (1996): 378.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>P. rubristellata</i> differs from all described congeneric species in the strongly curved postmedial row of rosy vein-spots on forewings. Other species have the postmedial row of streaks (or a line) straight. Pitkin (1996), referring to the male genitalia of this species, stressed the presence of a short, tapered to tip uncus.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>P. rubristellata</i> was described as having green forewings with ochreous-brownish costal edge, the rosy postmedial row of spots strongly curved and the marginal line of wings also rosy, interrupted by white veindots. The hind wings are white with green marginal lines and white fringe.</p> <p> Three Colombian specimens listed as <i>P. rubristellata</i> on the BOLD Taxonomy homepage (http:// www.boldsystems.org) have straight rows of postmedial spots on forewings and their determination has to be revised. A genital dissection was not available for the authors.</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on page 398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes resalaria

<i>Paromphacodes resalaria</i> (Schaus, 1929) <p> <i>Narquena resalaria</i> Schaus, 1929: 53 (Type locality: [Brazil] Santa Catarina); <i>Paromphacodes resalaria</i> (Schaus): Pitkin (1996): 377, figs 35, 210, 236.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> The species was described as having dull ochreous forewing with dark fringe, with a row of dark spots from costa near the tip to middle of the anal margin of forewing, and white hindwing with a row of dark marginal spots at interspaces of veins. The last character is rare in Neotropical geometrines. The original colour of wings as described for the holotype, may be faded due moisture. A male of this Brazilian species is unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on page 403, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes summita Lindt & Tasane & Õunap & Viidalepp 2017, sp. nov.

<i>Paromphacodes summita</i> Lindt, Tasane, Õunap & Viidalepp sp. nov. <p>(Figs 6, 10)</p> <p>Holotype: male, Ecuador, [Chimborazo prov.] Alao, 3560 m, 17.iv.2007, 01°52'55"S / 78°28' 31"W (slide 205) (The Holotype ID: TAMZ 0 0 94298, DNA voucher 51a). The holotype is deposited in the collection of EMNH, Tallinn, Estonia.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Wings more roundish than in <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described above; alike <i>P. spina</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> but differing from all these in the shape of male genitalia (the costal plate of valva has one triangular dorsal projection) and DNA barcode characters.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Wing span 26 mm (Fig. 6). The frons and palpi are red-brown, the palpi short, not projecting beyond the frons. The fillet between antennae is white, the vertex green. The antennae are yellowish, the pectinations short, about 1.5 times longer than the diameter of shaft. The dorsum of thorax and abdomen is green. The tergite A1 has a greyish blotch enclosing a white pupilla, followed by a larger white spot on the tergite A2 and smaller ones on the tergites A3-A6. The forewing is pale green, its costal edge is roughly scaled and lined in light brown, tending reddish towards the base of wing. The discal spots are red-brown on forewings, the row of tiny redbrown postmedial streaks is straight, except the costalmost spot shifted baseward. The two larger spots at the veins CuA2 and 2A appear connected by a thin white bar. The forewing fringe, reaching from around the wing apex and edging the distal margin of wing, is dark red-brown, apically white. The hindwing is greenish white with a tiny green discal spot and a row of small dark marginal spots between vein ends; the fringe is white, chequered with brown against vein ends. The underside of wings is paler than the upperside, small discal spots are present on both wings, while the hindwing has some tiny dark marginal spots between vein ends, and the fringe is spotted brownish against vein ends.</p> <p> Male genitalia (Fig. 10): The uncus is longer than the slender, slightly s-shaped socii. The gnathos is looped and provided with a hooked distal process. The valva has a broad costal plate which is projecting dorsally triangular. The ventral margin of the costal plate is upcurved as a broad <i>lacinia costalis</i>. The posterior edge of the tergite A8 is very slightly notched at middle, the posterior margin of the sternite A8 also slightly emarginated, its lateral corners as darker spots, the midrib tapering to the anterior margin of the sternite. The sternite A8 is similarly sclerotized in <i>P. spina</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> but the shape of the valva is flat, triangular, not spine-like.</p> <p>Female and preimaginal stages unknown.</p> <p> <b>Genetic data.</b> Nearest neighbour on BOLD <i>Paromphacodes onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described above (KP2 minimum pairwise distance 8.0%, from <i>P. spina</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described above, 10.0%).</p> <p> <b>Derivatio nominis.</b> <i>summita</i> means that the new species is confined to mountain summit.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> The material was collected in a grass-parámo site, at the elevation of 3560 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on page 404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes spina Lindt & Tasane & Õunap & Viidalepp 2017, sp. nov.

<i>Paromphacodes spina</i> Lindt, Tasane, Õunap & Viidalepp sp. nov. <p>(Figs 5, 9)</p> <p>Holotype, ♂, Ecuador, [Azuay prov.], Loja, Ona, 18.iv.2007, 03°18'42"S, 79°08'09"W; (the holotype ID: TAMZ 0094296; DNA voucher 50a) (slide 208) (A. Lindt). The Holotype is deposited in the collection of EMNH, Tallinn. A visually similar specimen (1♂, Ecuador, Azuay Prov., 5 km road La Paz-Ona, 3020 m, 3°21'50"S, 79°11'31"W, 06.ii.2012, Exp. R. Brechlin & V. Sinaev, BC ZSM Lep 59351) in the ZSM collection is not barcode sharing (A. Hausmann, pers. comm.) and not listed as paratype.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>P. spina</i> has more suffused and less contrasting wing markings than <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described above, differing considerably in male genitalia by the valve costa short and projecting a dorsal spine. Socii are long and broad. Superficially similar with <i>P. summita</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, differing in the genitalia structures (Figs 11 & 12) and DNA barcode data. Also differing from sympatric <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> by smaller size and genetic data.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Wing span 22 mm (Fig. 5). The frons is red-brown, the interantennal fillet white, the vertex green, a red-brown line between. The palpi are short, yellowish, just reaching the frons. The antennae are yellowish, shortpectinated, the pectinations about 1.2 times longer than the diameter of the shaft. The thorax is green dorsally, the abdomen is green anteriorly with a larger white spot encircled dark grey on the tergite A1, and there are smaller greenish white spots at the tergites A2 and A3. The forewing is green, ornamented by a small brown discal dot; the costal edge is lined in light brown. The postmedial row of tiny reddish brown spots appears curved inward near the costa, and the spot at the anal vein is shifted towards the tornus. The hindwing is greenish white, with a small green discal dot, a thin green marginal line and some small green spots on veins at the distal margin of the wing. The fringe of the forewing is red-brown basally, green distally, that of the hindwing is greenish, chequered with redbrownish near the tornus.</p> <p> Male genitalia (Fig. 9): The uncus is rod-like, shorter than the broad and very long socii. The gnathos is a loop, the cochlear is curved and tapered to the tip. The valva is slender, parallel-sided, rounded distally. The costal plate is short, reaching mid-costa and projecting a long thorn which is longer than the width of the valva. The juxta is a small roundish plate and the saccus is short, rounded. The aedeagus is pointed distally, provided with an anellar plate. Both the tergite and sternite A8 have the posterior edge smooth, the sternite is short, its midrib triangular, reaching the anterior margin of the sternite. The latero-distal corners of the sternite A8 are sclerotized like small dark points. The posterior part of the tergite has two blotches of sclerotization. The shape of the sternite A8 is similar to that in <i>P. summita</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, described below.</p> <p>Female and preimaginal stages unknown.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> The holotype was collected above the timberline near Loja Ona, at 3280 m altitude.</p> <p> <b>Genetic data.</b> Nearest neighbour on BOLD is <i>Paromphacodes summita</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described below (KP2 minimum pairwise distance 10.0%).</p> <p> <b>Derivatio nominis.</b> <i>spina</i>, with a prominent spine in the male genitalia.</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on pages 403-404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes alticola Lindt & Tasane & Õunap & Viidalepp 2017, sp. nov.

<i>Paromphacodes alticola</i> Lindt, Tasane, Õunap & Viidalepp sp. nov. <p>(Figs 2, 8)</p> <p>Holotype: ♂, Ecuador, [Cotopaxi prov.], Cotopaxi, 3560 m, 16.iv.2007, 00°38’59”S, 78°30’41”W (the Holotype ID: IZBE 0122051, DNA voucher 33v, BIN: BOLD: ACZ 1306 (slide 8324). The holotype is deposited in the collection of IZBE, Tartu, Estonia. Paratypes: 10 ♂, Ecuador, [Cotopaxi prov.], Cotopaxi 3560 m, 16.iv.2007, 00°38'59”S, 78°30'41”W, (slides 357, 358); 3 ♂, Ecuador, [Carchi prov.], El Angel 3430 m, 05.v.2007, 00°38’49”S, 77°53’33”W (slide 202) (A. Lindt); 1♂, Ecuador [Chimborazo prov.], Alao, 3560 m, 17.iv.2007, 01°52’55”S, 78°28’31”W, DNA voucher 31v, BIN: BOLD: ACZ 1306, (slide 204); 2♂, Ecuador, [Imbabura prov.], Carolina 1200 m, 09.v.2007, 00°41’28”N, 78°12’10”W (A. Lindt) (slide 209 (A. Lindt). 1 ♂, “ Ecuador / Vorbach 2/6 29 ” (slide 6707) (coll. ZMUC, Copenhagen). The paratypes are deposited in the collections of IZBE, ZMUC and EMNH, and in the private collection of A. Lindt. One paratype will be analysed in addition by G. Brehm, for his global project on phylogeny of Geometridae.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Moths with straight distal margins of forewings, with straight row of postmedial spots or streaks and marginal line on forewings contrasting with white hind wings. This species, <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are similar one to another in their wing shape and markings. <i>P. alticola</i> has forewing vein-spots and marginal line red-brown, <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> have their markings darker, blackish brown, and <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has discal spots on hindwings, while discal spots are lacking on hindwings of <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, which are described below. The male genitalia are characterized by the broad, bidentate costal expansion to valva and heart-shaped sclerotization to the posterior edge of the last abdominal sternite.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Wing span 25–26 mm (Fig. 2). The frons is white in the lower three-fourths, red in the upper onefourth; the interantennal fillet is white, the vertex green, a red-brown line in between. The palpi are red-brown, slightly projecting beyond the frons. The pectinations of male antennae are 2.5 times longer than the diameter of the shaft. The thorax and dorsum of abdomen are green, the abdomen mottled reddish anteriorly, a white spot at the tergite A1 is edged dark brown, while the white spots at tergites A2 and A3 are surrounded light brown. The forewings are deep green, the hind wings white. The costal edge of the forewing is white, lined with yellowish, while the marginal line, the discal and postmedial spots are red-brown. The postmedial spots on veins are in a straight row. The fringe is dark red-brown basally, shining white distally, chequered with reddish against vein ends; the tornus and nearby fringe bear a green patch.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 8): The uncus is thin filiform, the socii triangular, tapering to the tips, almost a half-length of the uncus. The gnathos is a loop with a distal process (cochlear) tapered and hooked. The valva is provided with a broad, flat, dorsally bidentate costal plate. The ventral margin of the costal plate is slightly raised as a fold. The juxta is a small roundish plate. The aedeagus is pointed distally, with a rounded anellar plate. The last abdominal sternite is markedly shorter than the corresponding tergite, roundly bilobed and sclerotized distally, with the midrib tapering towards the anterior edge of the sternite.</p> <p>Female and preimaginal stages unknown.</p> <p> <b>Genetic data.</b> Two analysed specimens barcode sharing. Nearest neighbour on BOLD <i>P. alpha</i> (KP2 minimum pairwise distance 14.6%). Genetic difference <i>from P. summita</i> 14.7%, from <i>P. spina</i> 15.5%.</p> <p> <b>Derivatio nominis.</b> <i>alticola</i> = living in high altitude.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> The male genital armatures of <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are similar to that in <i>P. perpulchra</i> figured by Pitkin (1996: fig. 116) but the costal plate of the valva is dilating proximally in <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, while it is the broadest distally in <i>P. perpulchra</i>. The posterior edge of the sternite A8 is shallowly emarginated in <i>P. perpulchra</i>, and more deeply heart-shaped in <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>; the emargination of the sternite is the broadest in <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> The type series was collected in April and early May. Most collecting sites are located above the timberline, in the grass-parámo belt (following the vertical zonation of the Andean vegetation by Sklenař & Jørgensen, 2004; Morrone, 2014), but two specimens appeared at light in Carolina site at 1200 m altitude. The last site is probably a secondary one for a high altitude species on burned and grazed slopes (Suarez & Galo Medina, 2001), or a relict of Holocene vertical shifts of forest and parámo vegetation belts (Van der Hammen, 1995). On the other hand, Sklenař & Jørgensen, 2004 have shown that the species with the widest geographical ranges also have a wide altitudinal distribution.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> The species was collected in four sites of western Andes, between 0–3° S. The Cotopaxi, El Angel and Alao collecting sites are characterized by a parámo vegetation above the timberline, the Carolina site by a secondary vegetation. The specimen illustrated by Piñas (1996) as fig. 149, " <i>Nemoria</i> sp? 1" is probably <i>P. alticola</i> collected on " Cotopaxi " in January, and the specimen collected by Vorbach lacks detailed data. Genetically homogenous, DNA barcode sharing; nearest neighbour on BOLD <i>Paromphacodes alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described below (KP2 minimum pairwise distance 14.5%).</p> <p> <b>PLATE 1. Figs 1 –6.</b> <i>Paromphacodes</i> moths. 1, <i>P. perpulchra</i> Warren; 2, <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Paratype); 3, <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Holotype), 4, <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Holotype); 5, <i>P. spina</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Holotype); 6, <i>P. summita</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Holotype). Scale bar, 10 mm.</p> <p> <b>PLATE 2. Figs 7–12.</b> <i>Paromphacodes</i>, male genitalia: armature, aedeagus and sternite A8. 7, <i>P. perpulchra</i> Warren; 8, <i>P</i>. <i>alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>; 9, <i>P. spina</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>; 10, <i>P. summita</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>; 11, <i>P. alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>; 12, <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> Scale bar, 1 mm.</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on pages 398-401, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes alpha Lindt, Tasane, Ounap

<i>Paromphacodes alpha</i> Lindt, Tasane, Õunap, & Viidalepp sp. nov. <p>(Figs 3, 8)</p> <p>Holotype: ♂, Ecuador [Chimborazo prov.], Alao, 3560 m, 17.iv.2007, 01°52’55”S, 78°28’31”W, Holotype ID IZBE 0 122047, (slide 8325), DNA voucher 32v, BIN: BOLD:ACZ1305. The Holotype is deposited in the IZBE insect collection, Tartu, Estonia. Paratypes, 2♂, the same collecting data but DNA vouchers 29v, BIN: BOLD: ACZ 1305, and DNA voucher 34v, (slides 203); 1♂, Ecuador, [Cotopaxi prov.], Cotopaxi 3560 m, 16.iv.2007, 00°38'59”S, 78°30'41”W (A. Lindt), DNA voucher 29v, BIN: BOLD: ACZ 1305, (slide 8915). 3♂, Ecuador, Pichincha Prov., 3 km NO Nono, 3062 m, 0°02'52"S, 78°35'32"W, 22.x.2011, leg. V. Sinaev & O. Romanov (DNA barcodes: BC ZSM Lep 92527, 90582, 90630). Paratypes are deposited in the IZBE collection, in the ZSM collection and in the private collection of A. Lindt.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Similar with <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> from Cotopaxi in its male genitalia (Fig. 8), wing pattern and colour, differing in colour of fringe which are unchequered, lined basally thinner and dark grey-brown rather than red-brown, and with DNA barcode difference 14.6–16.5% (Tab. 1). Compared to <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, lacking hind wing discal spots; the ventral edge of the costal plate is slimly folded, much less than in <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. onae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Wing span, 25 mm. The frons is reddish in the upper half, whitish in the lower part; the interantennal fillet is white, the vertex green, a red-brown line in between. The palpi are red-brown, slightly projecting beyond the frons. The pectinations of male antennae are 2.5 times longer than the diameter of the shaft. The thorax and dorsum of abdomen are green, a white spot at the tergite A1 is edged dark brown, while the white spots at tergites A2 and A3 are surrounded light brown. The forewings are deep green, the hindwings white. The costal edge of the forewing is white, lined yellowish, while the marginal line, the discal and postmedial spots are red-brown. The postmedial vein-spots are in a straight row. The fringe is dark grey basally, shining white distally, unchequered. Male genitalia in series of slides differ from those of <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in the slightly smoother shape of the costal expansion of the valva. <i>P</i>. <i>alpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are not discernible according to their wing pattern but by their DNA barcodes. See the diagnosis and description of <i>P. alticola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> described above.</p> <p>Female and preimaginal stages unknown.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> The species is confined to high Andine grass-parámo belt.</p> <p> <b>Genetic data.</b> Nearest neighbour on BOLD <i>Paromphacodes alticola</i> (KP2 minimum pairwise distance 14.5%).</p> <p> <b>Derivatio nominis.</b> The first letter in Greek alphabet: <i>alpha</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on page 402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes Warren. Four 1897

Genus <i>Paromphacodes</i> Warren, 1897 <p> The species of <i>Paromphacodes</i> are diagnosed by the combination of their green forewings contrasting with white or greenish white hind wings, and by the presence of two pairs of spurs on hind tibia (Pitkin 1996). Other geometrine genera with green fore- and white hind wings have one pair of hind tibial spurs and belong to other tribes than Nemoriini. A frenulum is present both in males and females, and the hind wing subcostal vein touches the anterior margin of the discal cell in one point. Four species have hitherto been associated with the genus <i>Paromphacodes</i> (Pitkin 1996; Scoble & Hausmann 2007). Hereby we recognize five new species described below. The male genitalia of <i>Paromphacodes</i> have a thin, long, rod-like uncus and long socii tapering toward tips, slender valvae with or without a costal expansion. The aedeagus is provided with an anellar plate, the saccus is rounded. The postabdominal segments are typically nemoriine: the sternite A8 is shorter than the tergite A8, slightly bilobed or notched at its posterior edge, with a triangular midrib tapering to the anterior margin of a sternite. This nemoriine genus is allied to <i>Nemoria</i> Hübner and <i>Lissochlora</i> Warren, which have but the uncus dilated apically (Viidalepp 2017).</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on page 397, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt

Paromphacodes perpulchra

<i>Paromphacodes perpulchra</i> (Warren, 1905) <p>(Figs 1, 7)</p> <p> <i>Chrotoclora perpulchra</i> Warren, 1905: 428 (Type locality: Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 3400 ft.); Prout (1932): 50, 51. fig. 6e; <i>Paromphacodes perpulchra</i> (Warren, 1905): Pitkin (1996): 377, figs 34, 77, 116, 165.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Forewings vivid green with bold chocolate brown postmedial vein-streaks or band and marginal bands, hind wings lustrous white with chocolate brown discal spot and marginal band. Other Andine species have fairly delicate wing pattern and no dark hind wing margin.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> W. Warren (1897) described, Prout (1932) and Pitkin (1996) illustrated <i>P</i>. <i>perpulchra</i> as with black discal spots and broad chocolate brown band along the distal margin of both wings. The fringe is chequered white and dark brown, and there is a larger dark mark on fringe near the hind wing tornus (Fig. 1). The male genitalia (Fig. 7) fit well with figures of the type specimen of <i>P. perpulchra</i> (Pitkin 1996, Figs 116, 165), characterized by a valva which has a broad costal plate which tapers distally, being provided with two flat triangular projections to the dorsal edge. The uncus is long, rod-like. The last abdominal sternite is short, bilobed at the posterior edge, and the posterior sclerotization of the tergite A8 is continuous, not bipartite.</p> <p>Material: 1 ♂, Peru, Oxapampa, 2300 m, 14– 17.11.2003, 10°27'08"S, 75°17'04"W (A. Lindt) (slide 6707).</p>Published as part of <i>Lindt, Aare, Tasane, Tõnis, Õunap, Erki & Viidalepp, Jaan, 2017, Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador, pp. 395-406 in Zootaxa 4303 (3)</i> on pages 397-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/841253">http://zenodo.org/record/841253</a&gt