DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE MULTIPLIERLESS LINEAR PHASE FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS

This research work proposes the finite impulse response (FIR) filters design using distributed arithmetic architecture optimized for field programmable gate array. To implement computationally efficient, low power, high-speed FIR filter a two-dimensional fully pipelined structure is used. The FIR filter is dynamically reconfigured to realize low pass and high pass filter by changing the filter coefficients. The FIR filter is most fundamental components in digital signal processing for high-speed application. The aim of this research work is to design multiplier-less FIR filter for the requirements of low power and high speed various embedded applications.Â

Cytokine Biomarkers as Indicators of Primary Graft Dysfunction, Acute Rejection, and Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Review

Lung transplantation is well accepted form of treatment for end-stage lung disease in selected patients. The number of lung transplants performed worldwide has increased annually with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being the leading cause. The morbidity and mortality in the early period are due to nonspecific primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute lung rejection (ALR). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the cause of long-term complications following lung transplantation and seen in almost half of the patient during the first 5 years. Activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been described during various phases of lung transplantation recovery. We reviewed the literature for cytokine activity associated with PGD, ALR, and CLAD. This review aims to summarize the specific associations between bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma cytokine levels and the association of PGD, ALR, and CLAD

High Speed and Low Power Pseudo Noise(PN) Sequence Generator

The Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence has become a significant component in digital communication. A pseudo random code are generated using two techniques namely, gold code and Kasami code. The generation of PN sequence involves the use of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) as its building block. When compared to other multiplexing methods,gold code and Kasami code techniques are better in terms of power utilization, noise flexibility and frequency efficiency. The generation of these codes involves the use of two maximum length sequence (M-sequence). The auto-correlation properties of gold and Kasami sequences are the basis for this research work. The software used to simulate these methods is NC Launchand the language used is Verilog Hardware Description Language(HDL). The results of the above two methods are compared in terms of power utilization and speed in the CADENCE environment. When comparing Gold code with Kasami code, Gold code consumes 42% less power than the Kasami code. In the modified Kasami code generator, the speed is increased by 8%, when compared to modified Gold code generator

Removal of strontium from aqueous solutions and synthetic seawater using resorcinol formaldehyde polycondensate resin

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Strontium (Sr) is a valuable metal found in abundance in seawater. However, its recovery from seawater has received little attention despite its many industrial applications. Batch and column adsorption experiments were conducted on the removal of Sr by resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) resin in the presence of co-existing cations at pH 7.5–8.5, where maximum adsorption was found. Batch adsorption capacities of cations followed the decreasing order of Sr > Ca > Mg > K, the order being the same as that of reduction of negative zeta potential. The adsorption data for Sr, Ca and Mg satisfactorily fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorption capacities of 2.28, 1.25 and 1.15 meq/g, respectively. Selectivity coefficients for Sr with respect to other metals showed that Sr was selectively adsorbed on RF. Column adsorption data for Sr only solution fitted well to the Thomas model. Sr adsorption capacity in the presence of seawater concentrations of Ca, Mg, K and Na was reduced in both batch and column experiments with highest effect from Ca and Mg. However, if Ca and Mg are removed prior to RF adsorption process by precipitation, the negative effect of these ions on Sr removal can be significantly reduced

An Efficient Implementation of Wallace Tree Multiplier

In Very large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology, power consumption and speed are the two important constraints for determining the efficiency of the architecture. This paper aspires at declining this parameters of the Wallace tree multiplier with the efficient use of modified Booth encoding and compressors.The proposed architecture is employed in Verilog HDL and it is simulated in Cadence NC Sim and synthesized using Encounter RTL Compiler in 180nm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company(TSMC) slow library .The proposed architecture is found to be 42.2% faster than the conventional Wallace tree architecture and the power consumption lowered by 45% as compared to the conventional Wallace Tree

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in the Management of Primary and Secondary Pneumothorax

The management of primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax can have many variations depending on the surgeons and their expertise of practice. The end goal is to stop the recurrence. The history of treatment, clinical indications for surgery, and preoperative and postoperative decision-making for intervention are summarized. Surgical intervention plays an important role in the management of recurrent pneumothorax and complex initial pneumothorax. Over the years the surgical techniques have evolved, and currently, video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques are frequently used in the management. In this concise report, we attempt to analyze the surgical techniques currently in use and their outcomes. Furthermore, we attempt to integrate future innovations in the management of this common disorder

Nitrate removal using Purolite A520E ion exchange resin: batch and fixed-bed column adsorption modelling

© 2014, Islamic Azad University (IAU). Removing excessive nitrate from water is essential because it causes eutrophication which in turn has a harmful effect on aquatic life, resulting in a reduction in biodiversity and posing a danger to people’s health when the water is used for drinking. In this study, nitrate removal from aqueous solutions was studied using an ion exchange resin (Purolite A520E) in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Batch adsorption kinetics was very well described by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and homogeneous surface diffusion models for resin doses 1.5 and 3.0 g/L at a nitrate concentration 20 mg N/L. Column kinetic data satisfactorily fitted to the empirical Thomas model and a numerical model based on advection–dispersion equation for filtration velocities 2.5 and 5.0 m/h at a column height of 12 cm and inlet concentration 20 mg N/L. The experimental and Thomas model predicted breakthrough adsorption capacity ranges for the two filtration rates were 12.0–13.5 and 8.2–9.7 mg N/g, respectively, whereas the maximum adsorption capacity determined using Langmuir adsorption isotherm model in the batch study was 32.2 mg N/g

Removing rubidium using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate in the membrane adsorption hybrid system

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Highly-priced rubidium (Rb) can be effectively extracted from seawater using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (KCoFC) and ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) adsorbents in the membrane adsorption hybrid system (MAHS). KCoFC (<0.075 mm), KCoFC (0.075–0.15 mm), and AMP (<0.075 mm) had Langmuir adsorption capacities of 145, 113, and 77 mg/g at pH 6.5–7.5, respectively. When KCoFC (<0.075 mm) at a dose of 0.2 g/L was initially added to 4 L of a solution containing 5 mg Rb/L in the MAHS and 25% of the initial dose was repeatedly added every hour, the amount of Rb removed remained steady at 90–96% for the experiment's 26 h duration. The removal of Rb by AMP under similar conditions was 80–82%. The cumulative Rb removed by KCoFC (<0.075 mm) in MAHS was only 33% reduced in the presence of high concentrations of other cations in synthetic seawater compared to that in solution containing only Rb. Approximately 30% of the adsorbed Rb was desorbed using 1 M KCl. When the desorbed solution was passed through a column containing resorcinol formaldehyde (RF), 35% of the Rb in the desorbed solution was adsorbed on RF. Furthermore 50% of the Rb adsorbed on RF was recovered by 1 M HCl leaching of the column. This sequence of concentration and separation of Rb in the presence of other cations in synthetic seawater is an efficient method for recovering pure Rb from real seawater and seawater reverse osmosis brine