INITIAL SCREENING FOR BEDWETTING: THE USE OF QUESTIONNAIRES AND VOIDING DIARIES First results from a National Belgian study

Title Initial screening for bedwetting: the use of questionnaires and voiding diaries. First results from a National Belgian study Authors S. Karamaria2, N. Ranguelov3, P. Hansen4, V. De Boe5, P. Verleyen6, J. Vande Walle1,2, L. Dossche2, A. Bael7,8 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, UZ Gent, Ghent, 2Ghent University, 3Department of Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 4Department of Pediatrics, CHU Tivoli, La Louvière, 5Department of Urology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, 6Department of Urology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, 7Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, ZNA Koningin Paola Kinderziekenhuis, Antwerp; 8Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp Background International guidelines have a consensus that stratification of nocturnal enuresis (NE) into non-monosymptomatic (NMNE) and monosymptomatic (MNE) is mandatory at intake to optimize therapeutic approach. This stratification is based on clinical parameters (presence or absence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) respectively). To identify clinical parameters a checklist (Clinical Management Tool (CMT)) and/or voiding diaries based on home recordings can be used. However, these recordings can be time consuming and difficult for the family. Moreover, the added value to the CMT, especially in treatment naïve patients, is rather expert opinion than evidence based. Methods The aim of this study run in 7 Belgian Hospitals, was to document in treatment naïve NE patients >5 years: 1) The prevalence of MNE vs NMNE 2) the added value and correlation of CMT and/or diary in differentiating NE. Two study visits were scheduled: At visit 1 CMT was obtained, after a thorough medical history and basic assessments. If daytime incontinence and/or LUTS were identified, the diagnosis was NMNE. After the 1st study visit, a 2day voiding diary (fluid intake, voiding volumes, incontinence) was registered at home. During the second study visit, this diary was evaluated; if the micturition frequency was >8 or <3 and/or there was daytime incontinence, the diagnosis was NMNE. Results In total 109 children were included, of which19 were lost in follow up. Mean age was 7,7 (±2); 62 were boys (68,9%) and 27 were girls (30%). 68 (75, 6%) were included at a non-University center. Based on the CMT 13 children were diagnosed as MNE (16,7%) and 75 children as NMNE (83,3%). Based on the diary 16 children were diagnosed as MNE (17,8%) and 74 children as NMNE (82,2%). 25 children (27,8%) had the same diagnosis with both methods Regarding the presence or not of LUTS we observed significant inconsistencies between the CMT and the diary. Specifically there was fair agreement between the two modalities for urge (κ=0,219), moderate agreement for daytime incontinence (κ=0,432) and no agreement for abnormal voiding frequency (8 voidings/day) between what the parents answered on the CMT and what they registered in the diary (κ=-0,057). Conclusion NMNE is more frequent than MNE in treatment naïve patients. CMT alone versus CMT + diary had a different sensitivity and specificity of identifying LUTS : in absence of validation of the importance by a therapeutic trial outcome, we state that we can only consider patients as MNE when and CMT and diary do not demonstrate LUTS

the value of questionnaire and diary in 2020 following the new ICCS standardization papers in treatment naïve patients

oral presentatio

Machine safety issues with respect to the extension of ECRH systems at ASDEX Upgrade

The beam intensity of electron cyclotron resonance heating at ASDEX Upgrade has the potential to seriously damage in-vessel components, whenever not fully absorbed by the plasma. Operation is, therefore, interlocked with both plasma current and density above a given threshold. Microwave protection detectors installed in several ports on the low field side switch the heating system off, in case the stray radiation exceeds a given threshold. During regular inspections, however, damages were reported in the vicinity of the launchers and in particular around the tiles of the heat shield. On one hand, it was found that insulating material, which may not face the plasma, degraded due to millimetre wave absorption. The waves entered the free space behind the heat shield through gaps. On the other hand, local damage even of metallic components was observed on surfaces, which were directly exposed to the microwave beam. Polarisation errors, which led to a local shine through of significant beam power, were responsible. We note that this happened mainly on the high field side in a certain distance to the microwave protection detectors, which were not triggered by the events. In order to increase the level of protection, we identify three necessary measures: Firstly, polarisation control is to be automated such, that mode content and shine through can be monitored. Secondly, by installing additional detectors, the spatial coverage of stray radiation monitoring is enlarged. Thirdly, the heat shield tiles will be redesigned in order to increase the shielding against millimetre waves