At the upper palaeolithic - mesolithic boundary: Revision of the human remains from riparo fredian (MOLAZZANA, LUCCA, ITALY)

Pleistocene and early Holocene human fossils in Tuscany are very few and poorly described. Any new information is thus an important contribution to our knowledge of the peopling of this region. Here we present a revision of the human fossil remains from the Riparo Fredian, a site located in Garfagnana and first published by Boschian et al., (1995). The authors described the human remains of the site pointing out the presence of 39 isolated human teeth (19 maxillary and 20 mandibular) and "fragments of one adult humerus, of a child's femur and of a youngster's ulna", considered as belonging to six individuals at least. A reanalysis of the human remains indicated that several specimens were incorrectly identified. It was thus deemed important to revise the identification of each fossil and their interpretation. The revision of human remains from Riparo Fredian has led to several changes in their anatomical identification with respect to the original publications. Of the 39 teeth previously described, the analysis revealed that two of them belonged to non-human animals, and 18 were mistakenly identified. A new, correct identification is provided for each of them. Also, two human teeth not described in the original papers have been identified. The anatomical identification of the post-cranial remains has been confirmed for two out of the three specimens. The minimum number of individuals, based on the dental remains, is confirmed as at least 5, but most probably 6, although with a different allocation of teeth to individual specimens. The age at death of the six individuals has also been reassessed, indicating the presence of two infants, two young adults and two mature adults

Effects of different stages of lactation on the raw milk for Fontina cheese manufacturing: chemical composition and microbiota analysis by 454 –pyrosequencing

In order to investigate the effect of lactation stage on the microbial quality of milk for fontina Fontina cheese production, nine cheese-making days were followed in two cheese factories over a four months period: three in the first 40 days after partum (early lactation stage S1), three in the following 40 days in the middle lactation (stage S2) and three in the last 40 days when cows were pregnant (stage S3). After plating, and basic chemical analysis, total microbial DNA was isolated from milk and used as template in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to study the hypervariable V1, V2 and V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and analysed by 454-pyrosequencing. A total of 683,128 sequence reads were generated by the pyrosequencing of 18 milk samples.An average of 498 OTUs were identified.The use of classical microbial approach and high-throughput sequencing allowed not only the description of the bacterial community but also to find difference for lactation stages. The milk samples collected at first lactation stage were characterised by higher counts of coliforms and enterococci and higher amounts of Enterococcus genus while the milk samples collected at later stage of lactation were characterised by higher amount of protein. Some recurrent species could be found at all times of sampling: Staphylococcus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus across Firmicutes and Mesorhizobium and Ralstonia among Proteobacteria phylum. This is the first study where the lactation stage is clearly linked to milk microbiot

Dielektrische verhitting van folien bij zeer hoge frequenties

KULeuven Campusbibliotheek Exacte Wetenschappen / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainSIGLEBEBelgiu