Factores que influyen en la decisión de compra de los consumidores de barrio – el caso de la ciudad de Arica - Chile

Este trabajo examina los diferentes factores que influyen en la toma de decisiones de los consumidores en los negocios de barrios. Uno de los descubrimientos de este estudio es la importancia que tienen las variables psicológicas y de identificación con la ciudad, lo cual demuestra la relevancia que dan los consumidores a la interacción que poseen con el medio que les rodea. Existieron doce variables que tuvieron un nivel de aceptación altamente significativa, como es la variable crédito informal, calidez en la atención, limpieza, fragmentación, nivel real de participación en la comunidad, ambiente, actitud positiva, confianza, comodidad, poco tiempo, alimentos típicos y edad. Las variables de mayor significancia fueron aquellas variables que se identifican con la ciudad, lo cual las hacen propia de esta realidad multicultural. AbstractThis work examines the different factors that influence in the taking of the consumer’s decisions in the neighborhood business.-One of discoveries of this study is the importance that they have the psychological variables and the identification with the city which show the relevance that they give the consumers to the interaction that they posses with the space that surrounds them.-Twelve variables that had a level of highly significant acceptance. Such us unconventional credit, warmth community, positive attitude, trust, comfort, little time, typical foods and age.-The variables but significant they were those variables that are identified with they city, that which they make it characteristic of this multicultural city

Ofatumumab versus Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab, a subcutaneous anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, selectively depletes B cells. Teriflunomide, an oral inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis, reduces T-cell and B-cell activation. The relative effects of these two drugs in patients with multiple sclerosis are not known. METHODS: In two double-blind, double-dummy, phase 3 trials, we randomly assigned patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis to receive subcutaneous ofatumumab (20 mg every 4 weeks after 20-mg loading doses at days 1, 7, and 14) or oral teriflunomide (14 mg daily) for up to 30 months. The primary end point was the annualized relapse rate. Secondary end points included disability worsening confirmed at 3 months or 6 months, disability improvement confirmed at 6 months, the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions per T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, the annualized rate of new or enlarging lesions on T2-weighted MRI, serum neurofilament light chain levels at month 3, and change in brain volume. RESULTS: Overall, 946 patients were assigned to receive ofatumumab and 936 to receive teriflunomide; the median follow-up was 1.6 years. The annualized relapse rates in the ofatumumab and teriflunomide groups were 0.11 and 0.22, respectively, in trial 1 (difference, -0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.16 to -0.06; P<0.001) and 0.10 and 0.25 in trial 2 (difference, -0.15; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.09; P<0.001). In the pooled trials, the percentage of patients with disability worsening confirmed at 3 months was 10.9% with ofatumumab and 15.0% with teriflunomide (hazard ratio, 0.66; P = 0.002); the percentage with disability worsening confirmed at 6 months was 8.1% and 12.0%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.68; P = 0.01); and the percentage with disability improvement confirmed at 6 months was 11.0% and 8.1% (hazard ratio, 1.35; P = 0.09). The number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions per T1-weighted MRI scan, the annualized rate of lesions on T2-weighted MRI, and serum neurofilament light chain levels, but not the change in brain volume, were in the same direction as the primary end point. Injection-related reactions occurred in 20.2% in the ofatumumab group and in 15.0% in the teriflunomide group (placebo injections). Serious infections occurred in 2.5% and 1.8% of the patients in the respective groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with multiple sclerosis, ofatumumab was associated with lower annualized relapse rates than teriflunomide. (Funded by Novartis; ASCLEPIOS I and II ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02792218 and NCT02792231.)