Avan?os na inje??o de carv?o pulverizado para a sua aplica??o em altos-fornos.

Alguns dados sobre a inje??o de carv?o pulverizado s?o mostrados bem como uma descri??o do modelo de combust?o de part?culas com elevado gradiente t?rmico constru?do na Escola de Minas - UFOP. Usando misturas de tr?s carv?es, bem como pr?-aquecimento de carv?o, foi poss?vel constatar que: o uso de misturas de mais de dois carv?es bem como o seu pr?-aquecimento podem ser duas t?cnicas a serem usadas em altos-fornos no sentido de melhorar ainda mais os rendimentos obtidos nos reatores que usam a t?cnica de inje??o.Some data about coal powder injection have been shown and one physical model, with high thermal gradient constructed at Escola de Minas-UFOP is described Using mixture of coal (3) and pre-heating of the coal some tests have been done, giving the conclusions below: pre heating of coal could be a good idea for improving the results obtained into the blast furnace, so mixture of more than two coals, not common practiced, could improve the combustion rate

Effect of the mineralogical composition on the compression strength of iron-ore pellets.

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Solar photovoltaic energy applied to ferroalloy industry.

The Brazilian ferroalloy industry faces a highly competitive scenario in the foreign market. Among the key factors to determine the price of its products, electric energy stands out as one of the main inputs. So, the possibility of energy being unavailable or having high prices causes a direct impact in the ferroalloy chain. On the other hand, the renewable energy market, especially the solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy shows extensive growth due to technological advances and recent regulation. Connecting both contexts, this study investigates a way to apply the great moment of the SPV energy sector to the ferroalloys industry. Firstly, the ferroalloy sector data was searched in order to develop a model of ferroalloy production by using the average data of production and electric energy consumption, called model-ferroalloy. So an SPV power plant was estimated to supply its electric energy demand. It was considered in four different scenarios according to current law and its economic viability verified. From these studies, the viability of implementing solar photovoltaic energy to ferroalloys industry was determined. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) comparative shows that SPV energy has a lower price than conventional sources, no matter if it is in the free or regulated energy market. Furthermore, the necessary investment, according to the results found, has good attractiveness in the financial market point of view

Applying virtual reality model to green ironmaking industry and education : ?a case study of charcoal mini-blast furnace plant?.

A virtual reality (VR) model has been developed in the case of a generic green ironmaking industrial unit, namely a typical charcoal mini-blast furnace (CMBF) plant in Brazil. The VR prototype construction of the CMBF plant has been implemented through integration of data in different softwares and hardwares, including detailed engineering design of various auxiliary units and major equipments with realistic project parameters. Through the VR technology, one can actually have the unique experience visiting all parts of the CMBF plant, promote technical discussions on engineering and process control with users and improve information handling, communication, safety, maintenance procedures and development of advanced engineering projects in the field. VR industry-professional education platform can be used in universities, museums and industries with great benefits to students, workers and users

Avalia??o t?cnica de min?rios de ferro para sinteriza??o nas sider?rgicas e minera??es brasileiras : uma an?lise cr?tica.

Esse artigo apresenta uma an?lise cr?tica da metodologia empregada para avalia??o t?cnica rotineira de finos de min?rios de ferro para sinteriza??o, tanto por parte das sider?rgicas, quanto pelas minera??es brasileiras, com base apenas no controle granulom?trico e qu?mico. Sugere- se a realiza??o da caracteriza??o mineral?gica das part?culas nucleantes, intermedi?rias e aderentes do sinter feed, visando ? otimiza??o do processo e ? melhoria da qualidade intr?nseca do produto, destacando os principais atributos que devem constituir a sua identidade microestrutural. Vislumbra-se, para os pr?ximos anos, uma verdadeira revolu??o nos crit?rios que norteiam a an?lise t?cnica de min?rios para os processos industriais de aglomera??o.This paper provides a critical analysis of the methodology used in Brazil for routine technical evaluation of iron ore fines used in the sintering process based uniquely on chemical and granulometric parameters. The mineralogical characterization of adherents, intermediates and nucleantes particles of sinter feed and the main attributes that should constitute its microstrutural identity have been highlighted. It should contribute a great deal to optimize the process parameters during the various stages of the sintering process as well as promote better intrinsic sinter quality. Based on these concepts, it is expected that in future years, significant criterias will be developed for technical analysis of iron ores fines used in agglomeration industry

Caracterization of a Brazilian manganese ore typology.

Visando a melhorias no benefi ciamento e no processo de fabrica??o de ferroligas de mangan?s, foi realizada a caracteriza??o de uma tipologia predominante de min?rio de mangan?s, de ocorr?ncia na regi?o de Caraj?s, PA, BR. Obteve-se uma amostra representativa da tipologia e foram realizadas an?lise granulom?trica por peneiramento e an?lise qu?mica, por ICP-AES. Foram identifi cadas por difratometria de raios X as fases minerais majorit?rias. Um estudo termogravim?trico foi desenvolvido para verifi car a estabilidade t?rmica, ao ar, das fases minerais majorit?rias. Observou-se que 19,3% da amostra encontram-se abaixo de 6,3mm. O teor de mangan?s no min?rio foi de 52,63% em peso, com 1,92% de s?lica, 0,17% de f?sforo e 3,13% de ferro. Foram identifi cados, na amostra, os ?xidos de mangan?s criptomelana, todorokita e pirolusita, com goethita, quartzo, gibbisita e caolinita compondo a ganga. Para a amostra estudada, observou-se a decomposi??o t?rmica dos ?xidos criptomelana e pirolusita, em torno de 600oC, ao ar. Em torno de 950oC, teve in?cio a transforma??o de Mn2O3 em Mn3O4.In order to improve manganese-iron alloy production processes, an important Brazilian manganese ore typology, placed in Caraj?s, PA, was characterized. A representative sample was obtained from mine. The particle size determination was performed by screening, followed by chemical analysis using plasma spectrometry (ICP-AES). The physical properties studied included density, surface area and porosity measurements (BET). The mineral constituents was identifi ed and quantifi ed by X-ray diffraction. A termogravimetrical study was done in order to verify the thermal stability of major mineral constituents in the air. It was observed that 19.3% of studied typology was below 6.3mm. The manganese, silica and phosphorus contents were 52.63%, 1.92% and 0.17%, respectively. The oxides identifi ed were cryptomelane, todorokite and pyrolusite. The other constituents were goethite, quartz, gibbsite, and kaolinite. According to the thermal study, the cryptomelane and pyrolusite start their decomposition in the air, at approximately 600?C. At around 950?C, Mn2O3 decomposition and Mn3O4 growth were observed