Detection of Rheumatic Arthritis Disease Based on Genomic Analysis by Applying Wavelet transform

In Recent years there is greater advance and innovations in bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is concerned with applying statistical and computational methods and also genomic signal processing techniques for analysis of data determined from sequenced DNA or RNA or Protein. To use genomic signal processing principle for analyze of DNA sequence first the DNA sequences of alphabetic string as to be converted into string of numeric sequence. This paper present the applications of wavelet transform based on the energy levels of approximation and detailed coefficients for sequence analysis with Chargaff’s rule, internucleotide distance to compare two sequence similarities and determine the impact score so that to diagnose the Rheumatic Arthritis(RA)

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Mycobacterium Time-Series Genome Analysis Identifies AAC2′ as a Potential Drug Target with Naloxone Showing Potential Bait Drug Synergism

The World Health Organization has put drug resistance in tuberculosis on its list of significant threats, with a critical emphasis on resolving the genetic differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This provides an opportunity for a better understanding of the evolutionary progression leading to anti-microbial resistance. Anti-microbial resistance has a great impact on the economic stability of the global healthcare sector. We performed a timeline genomic analysis from 2003 to 2021 of 578 mycobacterium genomes to understand the pattern underlying genomic variations. Potential drug targets based on functional annotation was subjected to pharmacophore-based screening of FDA-approved phyto-actives. Reaction search, MD simulations, and metadynamics studies were performed. A total of 4,76,063 mutations with a transition/transversion ratio of 0.448 was observed. The top 10 proteins with the least number of mutations were high-confidence drug targets. Aminoglycoside 2′-N-acetyltransferase protein (AAC2′), conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, was shortlisted as a potential drug target based on its function and role in bait drug synergism. Gentamicin-AAC2′ binding pose was used as a pharmacophore template to screen 10,570 phyto-actives. A total of 66 potential hits were docked to obtain naloxone as a lead—active with a docking score of −6.317. Naloxone is an FDA-approved drug that rapidly reverses opioid overdose. This is a classic case of a repurposed phyto-active. Naloxone consists of an amine group, but the addition of the acetyl group is unfavorable, with a reaction energy of 612.248 kcal/mol. With gentamicin as a positive control, molecular dynamic simulation studies were performed for 200 ns to check the stability of binding. Metadynamics-based studies were carried out to compare unbinding energy with gentamicin. The unbinding energies were found to be −68 and −74 kcal/mol for naloxone and gentamycin, respectively. This study identifies naloxone as a potential drug candidate for a bait drug synergistic approach against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

sj-csv-1-cix-10.1177_11769351221147244 – Supplemental material for Decision Support System and Web-Application Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Easy Cancer Classifications

Supplemental material, sj-csv-1-cix-10.1177_11769351221147244 for Decision Support System and Web-Application Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Easy Cancer Classifications by K Chandrashekar, Anagha S Setlur, Adithya Sabhapathi C, Satyam Suresh Raiker, Satyam Singh and Vidya Niranjan in Cancer Informatics</p

sj-xlsx-3-cix-10.1177_11769351221147244 – Supplemental material for Decision Support System and Web-Application Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Easy Cancer Classifications

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-3-cix-10.1177_11769351221147244 for Decision Support System and Web-Application Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Easy Cancer Classifications by K Chandrashekar, Anagha S Setlur, Adithya Sabhapathi C, Satyam Suresh Raiker, Satyam Singh and Vidya Niranjan in Cancer Informatics</p

Maternal vitamin B12 status in pregnancy Indian women and cognitive function in their 9-year old children

BackgroundRecent research has highlighted the influence of maternal factors on the health of the offspring. Intrauterine experiences may program metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disorders. We have shown that maternal vitamin B12 status affects adiposity and insulin resistance in the child. Vitamin B12 is important for brain development and function.ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between maternal plasma vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and the child's cognitive function at 9 years of age.MethodsWe studied children born in the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Two groups of children were selected on the basis of maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentration at 28 weeks of gestation: group 1 (n = 49) included children of mothers with low plasma vitamin B12 (lowest decile, &lt; 77 pM) and group 2 (n = 59) children of mothers with high plasma vitamin B12 (highest decile, &gt; 224 pM).ResultsChildren from group 1 performed more slowly than those from group 2 on the Color Trail A test (sustained attention, 182 vs. 159 seconds; p &lt; .05) and the Digit Span Backward test (short-term memory, p &lt;.05), after appropriate adjustment for confounders. There were no differences between group 1 and group 2 on other tests of cognitive function (intelligence, visual agnosia).ConclusionsMaternal vitamin B12 status in pregnancy influences cognitive function in offspring

Choroidal thickness profile in healthy Indian children

Purpose: The purpose was to study choroidal thickness and its profile based on location in healthy Indian children using enhanced depth spectral-domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study 255 eyes of 136 children with no retinal or choroidal disease were consecutively scanned using enhanced depth SD-OCT. Eyes with any ocular disease or axial length (AXL) >25 mm or < 20 mm were excluded. A single observer measured choroidal thickness from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction at 500-microns intervals up to 2500 microns temporal and nasal to the fovea. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the correlation between choroidal thickness at various locations and age, AXL, gender and spherical equivalent (SEq). Results: Mean age of the subjects was 11.9 ± 3.4 years (range: 5-18 years). There were 62 Females and 74 males. The mean AXL was 23.55 ± 0.74 mm. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 312.1 ± 45.40 μm. Choroid was found to be thickest subfoveally, then temporally. Age, AXL and SEq showed a significant correlation with choroidal thickness, whereas gender did not affect choroidal thickness. Conclusion: Our study provides a valid normative database of choroidal thickness in healthy Indian children. This database could be useful for further studies evaluating choroidal changes in various chorioretinal disorders. Age and AXL are critical factors, which negatively correlated with choroidal thickness

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Not AvailableDespite reports of BVDV infection in several domestic and wild ruminants, no information exists for mithun (Bos frontalis) species. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine prevalence of BVDV infection in mithuns, which contribute significantly to local economy in the North Eastern region of India. Blood and serum samples were collected between 2013 and 2016 from mithuns (n = 466) belonging to the states of Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Serum samples were tested for BVDV antibodies by a commercial ELISA and leukocytes were tested for BVDV by real-time RT-PCR. The overall true seroprevalence rate was 13.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.9–17.8%) with higher prevalence in mithuns reared under semi-intensive system (27.5%) than in free-ranging mithuns (7.6%). Among the three states, seroprevalence (16.2%) was highest in Nagaland, while prevalence rates varied markedly among geographical locations. Age-wise data showed highest seroprevalence rate in >6-yearold animals (20.6%) than 2–6 years old (16.9%), 6 months– 2 years old (8.5%), and <6-month-old animals (11.3%). The seroprevalence was higher in males (20.9%) than in females (12.1%). Among the four mithun strains, higher prevalence was evident in Manipur (30.3%) than Arunachal (21.3%), Nagaland (11.7%), and Mizoram strain (10.2%). However, no BVDV genomic RNA could be detected. The results provide first serological evidence of BVDV infection in mithun species and extend the knowledge on BVDV host range. The baseline data will help further investigations on epidemiology of BVD in mithun and its impact on mithun production.Not Availabl

Novel 1,2,5-Trisubstituted Benzimidazoles Potentiate Apoptosis by Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Panel of Cancer Cells

Synthetic small molecules have been very effective in decimating cancer cells by targeting various aberrantly overexpressed oncogenic proteins. These small molecules target proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, cell division, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and other regulatory proteins to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we have synthesized a novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole chemical library of small molecules and unveiled their anticancer potential against a panel of cancer cell lines such as Jurkat, K-562, MOLT-4, HeLa, HCT116, and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells. The MTT assay and Trypan blue dye exclusion assay clearly unveiled the cytotoxic effect of methyl 1-benzyl-2-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (TJ08) and its potential to induce apoptosis with effective IC50 of 1.88 ± 0.51, 1.89 ± 0.55, 2.05 ± 0.72, 2.11 ± 0.62, 3.04 ± 0.8, and 3.82 ± 0.25 μM against Jurkat, K562, MOLT-4, HeLa, HCT116, and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell lines, respectively. Altered mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in HeLa, HCT116, and Jurkat cells due to TJ08 treatment, which was unveiled by JC10 staining. Induction of early and late apoptosis by TJ08 treatment was also unveiled by apoptotic analysis and immunofluorescence imaging. Cell cycle analysis distribution confirms the accumulation of cells in the S-phase in a dose-dependent manner