Infographics and Mathematics: A Mechanism for Effective Learning in the Classroom

This work discusses the creation and use of infographies in an undergraduate mathematics course. Infographies are a visualization of information combining data, formulas, and images. This article discusses how to form an infographic and uses infographics on topics within mathematics and climate as examples. It concludes with survey data from undergraduate students on both the general use of infographics and on the specific infographics designed by the authors

Analysis οf volume, structure and dynamics of Russian foreign trade under conditions of globalization

Trends in the development of world economic relations show the processes of globalization and integration which predetermine the need for Russia to shift to a new stage of social development – the global information space against macroeconomic jolts and the sanctions regime. Russian involvement in the system of word economic relations, whose important part is world trade, requires overcoming structural deformation and to upgrade the economy. The topic of the article is relevant due to the significant impact of external factors on the development of the economy and social sphere of Russia as an independent and important participant in world economic relations in the global space. Due to unique natural resources, production and labour potential the country in terms of globalization has prerequisites for the active participation in international division of labour. However, new economic conditions and low prices of energy sources create the need for eliminating the misbalance in the domestic economy, accumulating import substitution process and restructuring export-import operations. The article underlines the great significance and relevance of modern reliable information resources. They allow to receive the complex information picture of implemented globalization processes within separate countries and regions. Authors made the economic-statistical analysis of the dynamics and structure of Russian foreign economic activity within the system of world economic relations. They received benchmark assessment of structural-dynamic changes in export and import pattern on main groups of partner countries and considered alternative future export volume and structure of Russia till 2030.peer-reviewe

Reduction of Ecological and Economic Risks in Utilization of Solid Domestic Wastes and Construction Waste

In their activities, humans produce a large amount of wastes. A sharp increase in consumption resulted in a large volume of solid domestic wastes, which must be combated. All this poses a certain life threat to mankind. However, there is no totally waste-free production. That is why the most effective way of waste disposal should be chosen. That is why it is necessary to choose the most effective way of waste utilization with minimization of environmental and economic risks

Reciprocal Interactions of Mitochondria and the Neuroimmunoendocrine System in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Important Role for Melatonin Regulation

Structural and functional alterations of mitochondria are intimately linked to a wide array of medical conditions. Many factors are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function, including cytokines, chaperones, chemokines, neurosteroids, and ubiquitins. The role of diffusely located cells of the neuroendocrine system, including biogenic amines and peptide hormones, in the management of mitochondrial function, as well as the role of altered mitochondrial function in the regulation of these cells and system, is an area of intense investigation. The current article looks at the interactions among the cells of the neuronal-glia, immune and endocrine systems, namely the diffuse neuroimmunoendocrine system (DNIES), and how DNIES interacts with mitochondrial function. Whilst changes in DNIES can impact on mitochondrial function, local, and systemic alterations in mitochondrial function can alter the component systems of DNIES and their interactions. This has etiological, course, and treatment implications for a wide range of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Available data on the role of melatonin in these interactions, at cellular and system levels, are reviewed, with directions for future research indicated

Initial economic damage from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States is more widespread across ages and geographies than initial mortality impacts

The economic and mortality impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely discussed, but there is limited evidence on their relationship across demographic and geographic groups. We use publicly available monthly data from January 2011 through April 2020 on all-cause death counts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and employment from the Current Population Survey to estimate excess all-cause mortality and employment displacement in April 2020 in the United States. We report results nationally and separately by state and by age group. Nationally, excess all-cause mortality was 2.4 per 10,000 individuals (about 30% higher than reported COVID deaths in April) and employment displacement was 9.9 per 100 individuals. Across age groups 25 y and older, excess mortality was negatively correlated with economic damage; excess mortality was largest among the oldest (individuals 85 y and over: 39.0 per 10,000), while employment displacement was largest among the youngest (individuals 25 to 44 y: 11.6 per 100 individuals). Across states, employment displacement was positively correlated with excess mortality (correlation = 0.29). However, mortality was highly concentrated geographically, with the top two states (New York and New Jersey) each experiencing over 10 excess deaths per 10,000 and accounting for about half of national excess mortality. By contrast, employment displacement was more geographically spread, with the states with the largest point estimates (Nevada and Michigan) each experiencing over 16 percentage points employment displacement but accounting for only 7% of the national displacement. These results suggest that policy responses may differentially affect generations and geographies

Physiological Method for Evaluation of Vigor State of Pine Stands

Vigor state of middle-aged pine stands was estimated during 2002-2008 at permanent sample plots by two methods: 1) visual estimation of stand vigor rank according to the 6-point scale of Forest Regulations of RF and 2) method of induction of tree defense response (injection of stem with high molecular extractives from Ceratocystis laricicola mycelium and registration of parameters of stem phloem necrosis). The stands of similar origin and structure were preliminarily divided into background and polluted ones on the basis of different amount of polluting substances in snow cover. Estimation of external tree signs according to 6-point scale didn't reveal significant differences between stands in monitored period. In contrast to this morphological method parameters of specific necrotic response of stem inner bark to fungal extract differed significantly in background and polluted stands. Parameters of the necrotic spots on the phloem were shown to depend on effect of creeping fire. The necrosis size increased and the necrosis "moved" toward crown during two years after the fire. The results are in accordance with the hypothesis that the size of phloem necrosis induced by the effect of extractives from phytopathogenic fungus mycelium on stem vascular tissues was determined by the tree state - it increased in damaged tree and decreased with tree state improvement. The injection method can inform about changes of physiological condition of tree and stand at the latent stage when exterior characteristics of a tree haven't changed yet

The role of gender in the formation of Anglo-American legal terminology

The various elements of the gender system have an impact on specialized areas of the language. Legal terminology is no exception, since the law covers almost all spheres of society. The interdisciplinary nature of gender studies has led to the demand for linguistic competence to study the gender construct, which has given rise to an independent discipline – linguistic genderology. In this regard, the problem of the influence of extralinguistic factors on the formation of legal terminology is relevant. In this paper linguistic research is conducted, within the framework of which Anglo-American legal terminology and its formation under the influence of gender factors are considered. The role of extra-linguistic factors in the formation of legal terms has been determined, the extra-linguistic factors affecting the gender markedness of the form and content of legal concepts have been identified. The method of continuous viewing of English legal texts, as well as English legal dictionaries, revealed gender-marked English-American legal terms and terminological concepts. The result of the study was the definition of a gender factor as a backbone for the Anglo-American legal terminology

Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology

Much attention has been recently drawn to studying melatonin – a hormone whose synthesis was first found in the epiphysis (pineal gland). This interest can be due to discovering the role of melatonin in numerous physiological processes. It was the discovery of melatonin synthesis in endocrine organs (pineal gland), neural structures (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, retinal photoreceptors), and immunocompetent cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells) that triggered the evolution of new approaches to the unifield signal regulation of homeostasis, which, at the turn of the 21st century, lead to the creation of a new integral biomedical discipline — neuroimmunoendocrinology. While numerous hormones have been verified over the last decade outside the “classical” locations of their formation, melatonin occupies an exclusive position with regard to the diversity of locations where it is synthesized and secreted. This review provides an overview and discussion of the major data regarding the role of melatonin in various physiological and pathological processes, which affords grounds for considering melatonin as the “cornerstone” on which neuroimmunoendocrinology has been built as an integral concept of homeostasis regulation