Endometrial osseous metaplasia complicated by secondary infertility: a case report

Endometrial osseous metaplasia is a rare condition in which there is abnormal presence of bone in the endometrium. There is paucity of reported cases of this pathological condition in Africa and it is usually overlooked as a cause of infertility. Pathogenesis is not well understood but mostly occurs following pregnancy. Pathology may be suspected on ultrasound scan where a linear echogenic substance is seen in the endometrium but diagnosis is confirmed by and treated with hysteroscopy. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with 2 previous miscarriages who presented with secondary infertility. She had an ultrasound scan done which revealed features suggestive of an intra-uterine copper device. She subsequently had hysteroscopy and a bone-like foreign body was found in the endometrium which was removed with the aid of a grasper and later sent for histopathological evaluation for which a subsequent diagnosis of endometrial osseous metaplasia was made. Indeed, endometrial intraosseous metaplasia should be considered an important differential cause of secondary infertility especially in patients with history of previous miscarriage. Confirmatory diagnosis can be made through hysteroscopy and/or histopathologically although the former is now used

Ectopic breast tissue mimicking Bartholin’s Abscess: a case report

Background: Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is an uncommon occurrence in which the breast tissue can be found at any point along the milk line. Although it is most commonly found on the axilla, it can also present on the thighs, perineum, vulva, inframammary region, and groin. EBT mimicking a Bartholin’s abscess is extremely rare. Case presentation: Here, we report the case of a 31-year-old nulliparous woman who presented to our gynecology clinic with a complaint of right-sided vulvar swelling. An initial diagnosis of Bartholin’s abscess was made after clinical examination. This was surgically removed using marsupialization. However, following histopathological & immuno-histochemical evaluation, a confirmatory diagnosis of ectopic breast tissue was made.  Conclusion: Indeed, our case re-emphasizes the absolute need for histopathological examination of every tumor notwithstanding the nature of the presentation, site of occurrence, and/or initial diagnosis. Furthermore, although rare, EBT should be considered an important differential in tumors of the vulva

Nigerian undergraduate students’ perception towards COVID-19 prevention: Implications for policy

Objective: Universities provide a supportive and safe learning environment for students. To limit the transmission of COVID-19, the WHO has recommended several preventive measures including frequent washing of hands, hand sanitizer usage, the wearing of masks, social distancing, covering of mouth while sneezing, etc. Students need to comply with these personal hygiene practices to limit the transmission of COVID-19. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention among undergraduate students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo Ogun State, Nigeria. 430 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows Version 21. A p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: 98.8%, 96.4%, and 84.1% of the respondents knew about COVID-19, know that it is a contagious disease, and know that a virus causes COVID-19 respectively. 60.4% and 56.7% heard about COVID-19 from the news and social media and had good knowledge of COVID-19 respectively. 38.2%, 36.7%, and 63.3% of the respondents have an average level of practice of COVID-19 prevention, had been vaccinated majorly with AstraZeneca brand of vaccine (20.6%), and are yet to be vaccinated respectively. There is no association between the knowledge of the prevention of COVID-19 and practice among undergraduate students of Babcock University (0.258, χ2=5.300). Conclusion: The majority of the students had good and average knowledge of COVID-19 and its prevention respectively. There was no significant association between knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention

A rare case of uterine lipo-leiomyoma in a 63-year-old Nigerian woman; a case report

Background: Lipo-leiomyoma accounts for about 0.03%-0.2% of uterine tumours. The aetiology of lipo-leiomyoma is unclear, with some suggesting fatty metamorphogenesis and others involving growth factors and oestrogens. Radiological evaluation and histology are necessary for definitive diagnosis. If asymptomatic, no treatment is needed, but surgical resection is performed in symptomatic patients. Case Presentation: This was a case of a 63-year-old Nigerian woman who experienced pelvic pain and heaviness for a year, worsening pelvic pain and distension, and post-menopausal bleeding. Abdominal examinations revealed a pelvic mass, vaginal examination showed no vaginal and cervical lesions, while abdominopelvic ultrasonography (USS) unveiled a hyperechoic mass in the posterior uterus. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological assessment of the samples showed a confirmatory diagnosis of uterine lipo-leiomyoma. Conclusion: Lipo-leiomyoma is a rare, distinct uterine pathology that should be considered a differential diagnosis in post-menopausal women with vaginal bleeding. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are recommended for menopausal women with symptomatic disease to prevent recurrent anaemia and also remove possible sites of the tumour even as the patient is unlikely to conceive again. Histopathological evaluation is crucial for post-menopausal women with coexisting bleeding per vagina

Nigerian undergraduate students’ perception towards COVID-19 prevention: Implications for policy: Covid-19 perception by Nigerian Undergraduate students

Objective: Universities provide a supportive and safe learning environment for students. To limit the transmission of COVID-19, the WHO has recommended several preventive measures including frequent washing of hands, hand sanitizer usage, the wearing of masks, social distancing, covering of mouth while sneezing, etc. Students need to comply with these personal hygiene practices to limit the transmission of COVID-19. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention among undergraduate students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo Ogun State, Nigeria. 430 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows Version 21. A p-value of &lt; 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: 98.8%, 96.4%, and 84.1% of the respondents knew about COVID-19, know that it is a contagious disease, and know that a virus causes COVID-19 respectively. 60.4% and 56.7% heard about COVID-19 from the news and social media and had good knowledge of COVID-19 respectively. 38.2%, 36.7%, and 63.3% of the respondents have an average level of practice of COVID-19 prevention, had been vaccinated majorly with AstraZeneca brand of vaccine (20.6%), and are yet to be vaccinated respectively. There is no association between the knowledge of the prevention of COVID-19 and practice among undergraduate students of Babcock University (0.258, χ2=5.300). Conclusion: The majority of the students had good and average knowledge of COVID-19 and its prevention respectively. There was no significant association between knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention

Endometrial carcinoma with co-existing granulosa cell tumour in a post-menopausal woman: a case report

Background: Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary are extremely infrequent tumors accounting for about 3% of the entire ovarian malignancies with a very high rate of recurrence. Due to its ability to secrete estrogen unopposed, it can give rise to endometrial cancer thus leading to the coexistence of the two tumors on rare occasions. Case presentation: We present here, the case of a 58-year-old post-menopausal Nigerian woman with GCT coexisting with endometrial carcinoma. She presented with abdominal pain, weakness, and post-menopausal vaginal bleeding. Examination revealed an irregular 30-week size abdominopelvic mass while an abdominopelvic ultrasonography showed a right ovarian mass and multiple uterine fibroids. However, the diagnosis of GCT coexisting with endometrial carcinoma was histologically confirmed. She has been clinically stable for ten months post-surgical intervention and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy (Cisplatin [75mg/m2] and Docetaxel [75mg/m2]). Conclusion: Although rare, GCT can exist synchronously with endometrial carcinoma. This should form an important differential diagnosis in a post-menopausal woman with bleeding par vaginum as this is its most important clinical presentation. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy should be done in older patients with GCT. Additionally, adjuvant chemotherapy may be of tremendous benefit to diagnosed patients