Expansion and compression of the momentum distribution of atoms in the field of the counter-propagating frequency-modulated waves

We simulate the acceleration of atoms by the counter-propagating frequency-modulated (FM) waves. We show that the standard deviation of the velocity of atoms has a non-monotonic time dependence, and explain this phenomenon. The momentum diffusion coefficient of atoms in the field of FM waves is estimated from the analogy with the behaviour of atoms in the field of counter-propagating $$\pi$$-pulses. If the parameters of the atom–field interaction are optimal, the momentum diffusion coefficient linearly depends on light intensity. We obtain our results with the use of the Monte Carlo wave-function method and compare them with the results obtained by the solution of the optical Bloch equations. We compare our results with the behaviour of atoms in the field of the counter-propagating bichromatic waves

Atoms in the counter-propagating frequency-modulated waves: splitting, cooling, confinement

We show that the counter-propagating frequency-modulated (FM) waves of the same intensity can split an orthogonal atomic beam into two beams. We calculate the temperature of the atomic ensemble for the case when the atoms are grouped around zero velocity in the direction of the waves propagation. The high-intensity laser radiation with a properly chosen carrier frequency can form a one-dimensional trap for atoms. We carry out the numerical simulation of the atomic motion (two-level model of the atom-field interaction) using parameters appropriate for sodium atoms and show that sub-Doppler cooling can be reached. We suppose that such a cooling is partly based on the cooling without spontaneous emission in polychromatic waves [H. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. A 77, 061401 (2008)]. We calculate the state of the atom in the field by the Monte Carlo wave-function method and describe its mechanical motion by the classical mechanics

Извлечение коллоидного золота из растворов

The article discusses a gold extraction method based on the use dihydrothioctic acid as the dispersing reagent. The possible use cases dihydrothioctic acid and optimal processing conditions are looked in the articleВ статье обсуждается метод извлечения золота из растворов, основанный на применении дигидротиоктовой кислоты в качестве диспергирующего реагента. Рассмотрены возможные варианты использования дигидротиоктовой кислоты. Определены оптимальные условия ведения процесс

Извлечение коллоидного золота из растворов

The article discusses a gold extraction method based on the use dihydrothioctic acid as the dispersing reagent. The possible use cases dihydrothioctic acid and optimal processing conditions are looked in the articleВ статье обсуждается метод извлечения золота из растворов, основанный на применении дигидротиоктовой кислоты в качестве диспергирующего реагента. Рассмотрены возможные варианты использования дигидротиоктовой кислоты. Определены оптимальные условия ведения процесс

Atoms in the counter-propagating frequency-modulated waves: splitting, cooling, confinement

We show that the counter-propagating frequency-modulated (FM) waves of the same intensity can split an orthogonal atomic beam into two beams. We calculate the temperature of the atomic ensemble for the case when the atoms are grouped around zero velocity in the direction of the waves propagation. The high-intensity laser radiation with a properly chosen carrier frequency can form a one-dimensional trap for atoms. We carry out the numerical simulation of the atomic motion (two-level model of the atom-field interaction) using parameters appropriate for sodium atoms and show that sub-Doppler cooling can be reached. We suppose that such a cooling is partly based on the cooling without spontaneous emission in polychromatic waves [H. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. A 77, 061401 (2008)]. We calculate the state of the atom in the field by the Monte Carlo wave-function method and describe its mechanical motion by the classical mechanics