12,546 research outputs found

    Te Kani-a-Takirau, ariki : a thesis as part fulfilment of the requirements for a M.A. Degree, Massey University

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    Text in English and MaoriTihei mauriora! Ko Te Kani-a-Takirau te tihi o te karaka, ko Ngati Kahukuranui nga peka. Ka tuku whakamihi atu ki te hunga kua memene ki tawhiti, ki nga kura wananga o te po. Otira, ki nga kaihautu kua whakarerea te kakau o te hoe, manaakitia. He mihi kau atu ana tenei kia koutou kia tahuri mai o koutou mata ki te iwi e manokohia tonutia nga mahi kaingakau, nga kaupapa whakapakari te noho ki te ao nei. He takoha, hei whakamana te rangatiratanga o te tangata enei kupu ruarua nei. E te matua, Te Kani-a-Takirau, tuku mai o manaakitanga ki o iwi e rapa ana, e kimi huarahi ana hei whakatutuki i ohau wawata i a koe e takatu haere nei te whenua. Ko te mana, ko to iwi, kia hiwa ra, maranga mai ki runga ki te hautu i o waka. Mihi mai, maioha mai. This thesis has been prepared to contribute another perspective to the interesting and constantly evolving study of Maori leadership. In August 1992, the Sir Apirana Ngata Memorial Committee¹This committee was set up in 1982 to continue the Rauru-nui-a-Toi lecture series format compiled and presented by Sir Apirana in 1944. devoted a section of their wananga programme, held in Uawa²Tolaga Bay, a small township situated 56 kilometres from Gisborne., to the history of Te Kani-a-Takirau. The author of this thesis along with Wayne Ngata, and at the request of the committee and Te Aitanga-a- Hauiti³The descendants of Hauiti. The tribal group of the Uawa area., made a presentation which outlined in broad perspective some of the highlights of the life of Te Kani-a-Takirau and his contributions to the situation of his people. Subsequently, it was recommended that an attempt be made to organise and document the presentation so that the history pertaining to Te Kani-a-Takirau could be made in greater detail and in a way more readily available to Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti and Ngati Porou. Hence this thesis, which I hope will go some way to achieving that aim. [FROM PREFACE

    Freedom to Trade, Free Trade and Laissez-Faire: Latin American Approaches to Economic Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century

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    There were at least four stages in the nineteenth-century transition from mercantilism to "free trade". The first involved the freedom to trade with any country; the second led to the application of the same tariffs on imports from all countries. The third required the sharp reduction of the tariff rates themselves. The fourth assumed the subordination of the state to the market. This presentation explores how far Latin American countries advanced along this continuum in the nineteenth century

    Epiphyte metapopulation dynamics are explained by species traits, connectivity, and patch dynamics

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    The colonization-extinction dynamics of many species are affected by the dynamics of their patches. For increasing our understanding of the metapopulation dynamics of sessile species confined to dynamic patches, we fitted a Bayesian incidence function model extended for dynamic landscapes to snapshot data on five epiphytic lichens among 2083 mapped oaks (dynamic patches). We estimate the age at which trees become suitable patches for different species, which defines their niche breadth (number of suitable trees). We show that the colonization rates were generally low, but increased with increasing connectivity in accordance with metapopulation theory. The rates were related to species traits, and we show, for the first time, that they are higher for species with wide niches and small dispersal propagules than for species with narrow niches or large propagules. We also show frequent long-distance dispersal in epiphytes by quantifying the relative importance of local dispersal and background deposition of dispersal propagules. Local stochastic extinctions from intact trees were negligible in all study species, and thus, the extinction rate is set by the rate of patch destruction (tree fall). These findings mean that epiphyte metapopulations may have slow colonization-extinction dynamics that are explained by connectivity, species traits, and patch dynamics

    On the delooping of (framed) embedding spaces

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    It is known that the bimodule derived mapping spaces between two operads have a delooping in terms of the operadic mapping space. We show a relative version of that statement. The result has applications to the spaces of disc embeddings fixed near the boundary and framed disc embeddings.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.0706
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