Physical limitations on quantum nonlocality in the detection of gamma photons emitted from positron/electron annihilation

Recent experimental measurements of the time interval between detection of the two photons emitted in positron/electron annihilation have indicated that collapse of the spatial part of the photon's wavefunction, due to detection of the other photon, does not occur. Although quantum nonlocality actually occurs in photons produced through parametric down-conversion, the recent experiments give strong evidence against measurement-induced instantaneous spatial-localization of high-energy gamma photons. A new quantum-mechanical analysis of the EPR problem is presented which may help to explain the observed differences between photons produced through parametric down-conversion and photons produced through positron/electron annihilation. The results are found to concur with the recent experiments involving gamma photons.Comment: accepted for publication, Phys. Rev.

Supersymmetric vertex algebras

We define and study the structure of SUSY Lie conformal and vertex algebras. This leads to effective rules for computations with superfields.Comment: 71 page

Life-Changing Decisions: Exploring Proximal and Distal Motivations Behind Why American Parents Adopt Domestically or Internationally

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore American parents proximal and distal motivations for choosing domestic and international adoption from the distinctive viewpoint of adoptive parents own words and perspectives using the lenses of culture and social exchange theory The findings from this study revealed three primary factors that were found to influence adoptive parents motivations to choose domestic or international adoption 1 unique cultural influences on domestic and international adoptive parents adoption motivations 2 shared similarities and discrepant differences between adoptive parents motivations who adopted domestically or internationally and 3 perceived intrinsic and extrinsic costs and rewards that influenced parents adoption motivations A conceptual decision-making model is introduced to illustrate the complicated calculus behind American parents motivations to choose either domestic or international adoption Suggestions for adoption regulation adoption process and recruitment efforts for both domestic and international adoptions are discusse

Rearranging Edgeworth-Cornish-Fisher Expansions

This paper applies a regularization procedure called increasing rearrangement to monotonize Edgeworth and Cornish-Fisher expansions and any other related approximations of distribution and quantile functions of sample statistics. Besides satisfying the logical monotonicity, required of distribution and quantile functions, the procedure often delivers strikingly better approximations to the distribution and quantile functions of the sample mean than the original Edgeworth-Cornish-Fisher expansions.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

The plant checklist : building the foundation of botanical knowledge in South Africa

Taxonomic research and resultant checklists play a crucial role in underpinning all biodiversity research. Compiling an inventory of plants that occur in a region or country is a complicated task that can be subject to errors and incompleteness, which in turn can hinder other fields of botanical research. South Africa has put in place a rigorous and defensible method of compiling and updating a national checklist, which can serve as a guide to any country in the process of doing so. The process of creating the checklist and significance of this is presented, and the governance, including the choice of classification followed and use of common names, is discussed. Methods for compilation and dissemination of the checklist are described.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19968175hj2024Plant Production and Soil ScienceSDG-15:Life on lan

Hot Spots and Transition from d-Wave to Another Pairing Symmetry in the Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors

We present a simple theoretical explanation for a transition from d-wave to another superconducting pairing observed in the electron-doped cuprates. The d_{x^2-y^2} pairing potential Delta, which has the maximal magnitude and opposite signs at the hot spots on the Fermi surface, becomes suppressed with the increase of electron doping, because the hot spots approach the Brillouin zone diagonals, where Delta vanishes. Then, the d_{x^2-y^2} pairing is replaced by either singlet s-wave or triplet p-wave pairing. We argue in favor of the latter and discuss experiments to uncover it.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX 4. V.2: Extra figure and many references added. V.3: Minor update of references for the proof

Presencia de enfermedades en majadas caprinas de las quebradas áridas de Jujuy y Salta

Una encuesta transversal ad hoc se llevó a cabo en 40 unidades productoras familiares (UPF) de las áridas en las provincias de Jujuy y Salta, con el objetivo de describir la presencia de enfermedades en sus majadas caprinas. Se recabaron datos del manejo general y sanitario en particular. Se procesaron sueros para el diagnóstico de brucelosis por las pruebas tamiz del antígeno bufferado en placa (BPA) y confirmadas por polarización fluorecente (FPA), para paratuberculosis (PTBC), artritis-encefalitis (CAEV), chlamydiosis, herpesvirus caprino tipo 1 (CaHV-1), fiebre Q y toxoplasmosis se utilizó ELISA indirecto y para leptospirosis microaglutinación. Se determinaron los valores de Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ y Ca2+ sérico por espectofotómetría de absorción atómica. En heces, se realizó el recuento de huevos de helmintos por gramo (hpg) y la diferenciación de géneros por coprocultivo. Las UPF tuvieron en promedio 91,4±75 caprinos (sin contar cabritos), siendo el 80,9% cabras madres. La cría fue extensiva con encierre nocturno y la alimentación de la majada se basó mayormente en el pastoreo de los cerros y de cultivos y rastrojos. La parición se concentró en dos períodos, uno principal en abril-julio y una segunda parición de menor número de cabras ubicada en octubre-diciembre. El 92,3% de los productores desparasitaba en forma rutinaria toda la majada con ivermectina, albendazole o closantel y el 71,8 % trataba los piojos. En un 61,5% de las UPF se inyectaba mineralizantes-vitamínicos a toda la majada y en solo un 15,4% se vacunaba contra enfermedades clostridiales. El promedio de la tasa de mortalidad anual por majada fue del 14,2±11%. En el 86,4% de las UPF se registró la ocurrencia de abortos, y de estos el 42,9% presentó retención de placenta. El promedio intramajada de abortos comunicados fue del 8,6±8,5%. El 75% de las UPF declaró tener ectima contagioso, aunque solo el 22% dijo que era grave. Se registraron un 30,4% cuadros de muertes agudas probablemente por infecciones clostridiales. En el 72,7% de las UPF se registraron problemas de mastitis. El porcentaje de UPF con seroprevalencia positiva a brucelosis, leptospirosis, paratuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, clamidiosis, CpHV-1, CAEV y fiebre Q fue respectivamente de 0%, 25%, 50%, 42,8%, 88,8%, 85,7%, 12,5% y 0%. Las UPF destacaron la importancia de los piojos (Linognathus spp.: 87%). Los promedios de los hpg fueron en abril-mayo, julio-agosto y septiembre-noviembre respectivamente de 407, 332 y 59 con Haemonchus y en menor medida Trichostrongylus como nematodes predominantes. En el 76% de las UPF se diagnosticó Fasciolosis. El 30,8% de las UPF describió la presencia a la faena de quistes hidatídicos. En un 31% de las majadas se describió bocio. Los promedios por UPF de cobre, zinc, magnesio y calcio séricos fueron respectivamente 0,48 ±0,10 ppm, 0,73±0,16 ppm, 2,4±0,47mg/d y 7,25±2,25 mg/dl. Se describieron casos de timpanismo espumoso (43,5%), muertes (36%) atribuidas por los propietarios a la ingesta de ñusco, mio mio y sunchillo y un 38,1% de las UPF dijeron padecer casos de intoxicación con cegadera (Heterophyllaea pustulata). Un 66,7% de los propietarios declararon tener problemas de pérdidas de animales en el monte a causa mayormente de pumas. Estos primeros resultados en cuanto a mortandad y presencia de enfermedades y zoonosis, muestran la importancia de llevar a cabo estudios más específicos respecto de la salud de las majadas para incrementar la producción y el bienestar general de las familias productoras.A cross-sectional survey was performed in 40 family farming units (FFU) from the arid canyons of Jujuy and Salta provinces, with the aim of describing disease occurrence in goat flocks. Farmers were subjected to an ad hoc survey to gather data on general management and specific health issues. Sera were processed to diagnose brucellosis using the BPA screening test and positive sera were confirmed by FPA test. Paratuberculosis (PTBC), caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), Q fever, chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis were tested by indirect ELISA, and leptospirosis by microagglutination test. Serum Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Fecal samples were taken for eggs counts per gram of feaces (epg) and identifying genera by coproculture. FFUs had on average 91,4 ±75 goats (not including kids), with 80,9% being does. Animals are extensively bred, with nocturnal enclosure, and flock feeding is based on grazing the hills or grazing the crops or their residues. Kidding is concentrated in two periods: April-July, when almost all the flock kids, and a second period that was in October-December. Goat production of FFUs is devoted to the sale of cheese, internal consumption or the sale of kids, wethers and adult goats. Farmers (92,3%) routinely treat all the flock against parasites with ivermectin, albendazol or closantel and the 71,8% treat against lice. The 61,5% of FFUs provide all the flock with mineral-vitamin mixtures and only the 15,4% vaccinated against clostridium diseases. Mean annual mortality rate per flock was 14,2±11%. Abortions were recorded in 86,4% of the FFUs, mostly with retained placenta (42,9%). Mean within-flock reported abortions were 8,6±8,5%. Contagious echtyma (orf) was detected in 75% of the FFUs and acute deaths probably due to clostridial infections were recorded in 30,4% of the FFUs. Mastitis-associated problems were recorded in 72,7% of FFUs. Positive seroprevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, paratuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, clamidiosis, CpHV-1, CAEV and Q fever in FFUs was 0%, 25%, 50%, 42,8%, 88,8%, 85,7%, 12,5% and 0% respectively. Lice (Linognathus spp.) were very important for 87% of FFU. Mean epg was 407, 332 and 59 for April-May, July-August and September-November respectively, with Haemonchus and secondly Trichostrongylus being the prevailing nematodes. Fasciola infections were recorded in 76% of the FFUs. The presence of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals were indicated by 30,8% of FFUs. Signs of goiter in kids were described in 31% of the flocks. Mean serum cooper, zinc, magnesium and calcium per FFU were 0,48±0,10 ppm, 0,73±0,16 ppm, 2,4±0,47mg/d y 7,25±2,25 mg/dl respectively. Cases of bloat (43,5%) and death (36%) were reported and attributed by farmers to the ingestion of ñusco, mio mio y sunchillo and a 38,1% of the UPF reported cases of intoxication by cegadera (Heterophyllaea pustulata). Some farmers (56.3%) indicated loss of animals in the woodland, mostly due to the attack by pumas. These first results regarding mortality, production losses and occurrence of diseases and zoonosis show the importance of conducting specific studies about the health of flocks in order to increase competitiveness in goat production, health and, therefore, general welfare of smallholder families.Inst. de PatobiologíaFil: Suarez, Victor Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Dodero, Ana Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Nievas, J.D. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Abra Pampa. Agencia de Extensión Rural Hornillos; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Gabriela Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Bertoni, Emiliano Agustí­n. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Salatin, Antonio Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Viñabal, Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Grossberger, G. Argentina. Ministerio de Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Brihuega, Bibiana Felicitas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Romera, Sonia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Pinto, Gabriel Bernardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentin

Expanding mental health services in low- and middle-income countries: A task-shifting framework for delivery of comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care

This paper proposes a framework for comprehensive, collaborative, and community-based care (C4) for accessible mental health services in low-resource settings. Because mental health conditions have many causes, this framework includes social, public health, wellness and clinical services. It accommodates integration of stand-alone mental health programs with health and non-health community-based services. It addresses gaps in previous models including lack of community-based psychotherapeutic and social services, difficulty in addressing comorbidity of mental and physical conditions, and how workers interact with respect to referral and coordination of care. The framework is based on task-shifting of services to non-specialized workers. While the framework draws on the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Program and other global mental health models, there are important differences. The C4 Framework delineates types of workers based on their skills. Separate workers focus on: basic psychoeducation and information sharing; community-level, evidence-based psychotherapeutic counseling; and primary medical care and more advanced, specialized mental health services for more severe or complex cases. This paper is intended for individuals, organizations and governments interested in implementing mental health services. The primary aim is to provide a framework for the provision of widely accessible mental health care and services