Fractura-luxación posterior de hombro tratada mediante la técnica de McLaughlin

Se presenta un caso de luxación posterior de hombro, con fractura por impactación de la cabeza humeral, ocasionada por crisis convulsivas. Estas lesiones no son fáciles de reconocer en los primeros momentos, y en nuestro caso se precisó de un estudio radiográfico en distintas proyecciones y una TAC. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante la técnica original de McLaughlin. A los 7 meses de la intervención el paciente ha recuperado casi totalmente la movilidad en dicho hombro y está libre de dolor.A case of posterior dislocation of the shoulder with locked fracture of the humeral head after a convulsive seizure is reported. At first stages, this type is very difficult to recognize. In our case, a radiographic study in different views and a CT-scan were needed. Surgical treatment were carried out according to McLauglin's original technique. Seven months after surgery the patient had regained almost complete range of shoulder motion and was pain-free

Comparison Of Body Composition Methods For The Assessment Of Body Fat In Adolescent Soccer Players

Anthropometry, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) are widely used for assessing body fat percentage (%BF). The accuracy among body composition methods in different kind of populations such as children, adults, obese persons, and athletes has been studied but there are some discrepancies between them. PURPOSE: To compare %BF assessed by DXA, ADP and anthropometry in adolescent soccer players. METHODS: %BF was assessed in ninety-two soccer players (64 males, 13.3 ± 0.5 y; 28 females, 13.3 ± 0.6 y) by anthropometry, DXA and ADP. Anthropometry measurements were registered following the recommendations of the ISAK. Anthropometry %BF was calculated using the equation proposed by Slaughter et al for adolescents. ADP %BF was calculated with 3 different formulas: (i) the general Siri equation (ADPSiri); (ii) the age- and sex-specific equation by Lohman (ADPLohman) and (iii) the age- and sex-specific equation by Silva (ADPSilva). Agreement and differences between methods were assessed by two-paired samples t tests and calculating the 95% limits of agreement. RESULTS: In the whole sample, ADPSiri ADPLohman ADPSilva and anthropometry underestimated %BF by 2.0, 6.9, 6.2, and 6.0% respectively compared to DXA (all p<0.05). The 95% limits of agreement ranged from ±5.91% to ±10.78%. Similar results dividing by sex were found. CONCLUSION: Although the 3 used methodologies have been several times described as valid for the assessment of %BF, based in our data it seems that ADP, anthropometry and DXA are not interchangeable for the assessment of %BF in adolescent soccer players

Effects Of Playing Surfaces On Volumetric Bone Mineral Density In Adolescent Male Soccer Players

It has been well recognized that impact loading in sporting activity is highly associated with bone accretion. Recently, Carmona et al. showed that bone mass accretion was similar bone in prepubescent soccer players independently of the playing surface (artificial turf vs. non-grass ground surface). However, the osteogenic effects on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) generated by four different playing surfaces of the same sport are unknown. PURPOSE: to investigate the effects over a soccer season in vBMD of male soccer players by playing surface. METHODS: A total of 71 male soccer players (12.7±0.6 y) volunteered to participate in the study. 26 participants were training and playing on 2nd generation artificial turf, 16 on a 3rd generation artificial turf, 10 on a non-grass ground surface and 19 on natural grass (NG). vBMD, at 4 and 38% of the non-dominant tibia, was measured before and after season by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT-2000 L pQCT scanner). Analysis of variance for repeated measures×2 (time) were performed to determine the effects of playing surface on vBMD controlling for pubertal status. Effect size were calculated according to the methods proposed by Cohen (small (f=0.1), medium (f=0.2), or large (f=0.4)). RESULTS: A group by time interaction was found for vBMD at 38% of the distal tibia (p=0.029 and f=0.38). When pairwise comparisons were carried out, NG showed group by time interactions compared to 2nd generation artificial turf (782 to 804 mg/cm3 vs. 790 to 798 mg/cm3; p=0.007 and f=0.50), and to 3rd generation artificial turf (782 to 804 mg/cm3 vs. 784 to 788 mg/cm3; p=0.027 and f=0.35). CONCLUSION: Soccer players training and playing in NG pitch showed better values in vBMD acquisition than those on 2nd and 3rd generation artificial turf. Despite previous studies presented no differences on bone mass accretion independently of the playing surface. Our results suggest that NG is the most recommended playing surface to improve vBMD in the non-dominant tibia

Longitudinal Effects Of Swimming On Bone Mass, Structure And Strength

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes over a swimming season in bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone strength and bone structure in adolescent swimmers and compared them to normo-active controls (CG). METHODS: BMD and BMC were measured longitudinally (8 months) by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at the whole body, lumbar spine and non-dominant hip. Bone strength was measured at the midshaft radius and tibia with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Swimmers were divided into two groups; swimmers that swam and performed an extra-weight bearing sport (SWI-SPORT; n=11) and swimmers that only swam (SWI; n=23). Both groups were compared between them and to CG (n=28). ANCOVA for repeated measures x 2 (time) were performed between pre- and post-intervention to determine the effects of swimming on BMC and BMD values adjusting by change in height and subtotal lean, initial age and final Tanner stage and calcium intake for DXA values. For pQCT the same analyses were performed adjusting by change in object length, initial age and final Tanner stage. RESULTS: Eight months of swimming training had no effect on BMD or BMC, as no differences were found between SWI-PURE and CG acquisition. Nevertheless, practicing an extra-weight bearing sport in addition to swimming seemed to positively stimulate bone mass acquisition as SWI-SPORT was the only group that improved all measured skeletal sites and also a group by time interaction was found for the trochanter and total hip BMD when comparing SWI-SPORT to CG (p<0.05). Regarding pQCT measures, no group by time interactions were found for the radius. For the tibia, SWI-SPORT presented higher improvements in cortical thickness, resistance to fracture load (X-axis), and polar strain index than CG (all group by time interactions p<0.05). SWI-PURE also presented higher improvements in polar strain index when compared to CG (group by time interaction p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Swimming seems to be a neutral sport to practice regarding BMD and BMC acquisition. Nevertheless, it might entail some minor improvements in bone strength. Practicing a weight bearing sport in addition to swimming improves both bone mass acquisition and bone strength

Effects of active video games on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-Analysis

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most important public health problems. Active video games (AVGs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to increase energy expenditure and are being investigated to determine their effectiveness against childhood obesity. Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize the existing research and draw conclusions about the effects of AVGs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: The search strategy was applied to PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, including randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials investigating the effects of AVG programs on health-related physical fitness and motor competence in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. To measure the risk of bias in randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, 2 different quality assessment tools were used. In total, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the variables of interest were BMI, body fat percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), waist circumference, fat-free mass, muscular fitness, and motor competence. A meta-Analysis was performed. Results: Positive effects were found for BMI and body fat percentage, favoring the AVG group compared with a control group with no intervention (mean difference-0.209; 95% CI-0.388 to-0.031 vs mean difference-0.879; 95% CI-1.138 to-0.602). Positive effects seem to be observed for CRF. The effects of AVG interventions on muscular fitness, fat-free mass, waist circumference, and motor competence are unclear. Conclusions: AVG programs showed positive effects on BMI, body fat percentage, and CRF. AVG could be a good strategy to combat childhood obesity. © 2021. KJMIR Publications Inc.. All right reserved

Early Life Programming of Abdominal Adiposity in Adolescents: The HELENA Study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between birth weight and abdominal adiposity in adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 284 adolescents (49.3% of whom were female) aged 14.9 +/- 1.2 years were included in the study. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained from parental records. Abdominal adiposity (in three regions: R1, R2, and R3) and trunk and total body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regional fat mass indexes (FMIs) were thereafter calculated as fat mass divided by the square of height (Trunk FMI and abdominal FMI R1, R2, and R3). RESULTS: Birth weight was negatively associated with abdominal FMI R1, R2, and R3 independently of total fat mass, gestational age, sex, breast-feeding duration, pubertal stage, physical activity, and socioeconomic status (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows an inverse association between birth weight and abdominal adiposity in adolescents independently of total fat mass and other potential confounders. These findings suggest that fetal nutrition, as reflected by birth weight, may have a programming effect on abdominal adiposity later in life.The HELENA study was carried out with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (contract no. FOOD-CT-2005-007034). This work was also partially supported by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (to F.A.S.), the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2007-1124), and the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (RD08/ 0072)

Comprehensive translational assessment of human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes for evaluating drug-induced arrhythmias

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) hold promise for assessment of drug-induced arrhythmias and are being considered for use under the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA). We studied the effects of 26 drugs and 3 drug combinations on 2 commercially available iPSC-CM types using high-throughput voltage-sensitive dye and microelectrode-array assays being studied for the CiPA initiative and compared the results with clinical QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) risk. Concentration-dependent analysis comparing iPSC-CMs to clinical trial results demonstrated good correlation between drug-induced rate-corrected action potential duration and field potential duration (APDc and FPDc) prolongation and clinical trial QTc prolongation. Of 20 drugs studied that exhibit clinical QTc prolongation, 17 caused APDc prolongation (16 in Cor.4U and 13 in iCell cardiomyocytes) and 16 caused FPDc prolongation (16 in Cor.4U and 10 in iCell cardiomyocytes). Of 14 drugs that cause TdP, arrhythmias occurred with 10 drugs. Lack of arrhythmic beating in iPSC-CMs for the four remaining drugs could be due to differences in relative levels of expression of individual ion channels. iPSC-CMs responded consistently to human ether-a-go-go potassium channel blocking drugs (APD prolongation and arrhythmias) and calcium channel blocking drugs (APD shortening and prevention of arrhythmias), with a more variable response to late sodium current blocking drugs. Current results confirm the potential of iPSC-CMs for proarrhythmia prediction under CiPA, where iPSC-CM results would serve as a check to ion channel and in silico modeling prediction of proarrhythmic risk. A multi-site validation study is warranted

Do 6 Months Of Whole Body Vibration Training Improve Bone Mass Acquisition Of Adolescent Swimmers?

Whole body vibration (WBV) training has been suggested to be an effective type of training for improving bone mass. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of WBV training on bone mass acquisition in adolescent swimmers. METHODS: Sixty-four swimmers were followed over 8 months. Participants were divided in to two groups: The first group consisted of forty-one swimmers (14.2±1.8 y) who completed a WBV protocol 15 minutes of training 3 days per week during 6 months (WBV training increased each month starting with a peak acceleration of 3.6 g and ending at 11.6 during the last month) while continuing with their habitual water training (VIB). The second group consisted of twenty-three swimmers (15.0±2.2 y) who continued with their regular swimming training (SWI) (both groups performed an average of 10 hours per week of water training). Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were measured longitudinally (8 months) by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at the whole body, lumbar spine and non-dominant hip. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures x2 (time) were performed to check differences within groups between pre and post intervention and to determine the effects of the intervention on BMD and BMC values adjusting by change in height and subtotal lean, initial age and final Tanner stage and calcium intake. RESULTS: Six months of WBV training had little effect on bone mass, as no differences were found between VIB and SWI for absolute change or percentage change for BMD values. For BMC, VIB presented higher absolute and percentage changes in both trochanter (7% increase in VIB vs. 3% in SWI) and total hip (6% increase in VIB vs. 3% in SWI) than SWI, although there was no group by time interaction. CONCLUSION: WBV training might entail minor benefits to BMC acquisition in adolescent swimmers. A minimum compliance of sixty percent was needed to improve BMC, which in the present study consisted of attending at least 2 of the 3 weekly days of training. Future studies using WBV should try to perform more sessions per week at higher intensities to determine if this type of training could be highly beneficial to bone or if other high-impact trainings might be more suitable to improve bone mass in this population

Does acute caffeine supplementation improve physical performance in female team-sport athletes? Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Recent original research and meta-analyses suggest that acute caffeine supplementation improves exercise performance in team-sport athletes (TSA). Nonetheless, most of the studies testing the effects of caffeine on TSA included samples of male athletes, and there is no meta-analysis of the performance-enhancing effects of caffeine on female TSA. The aim of the present study was to synthesize the existing literature regarding the effect of caffeine supplementation on physical performance in adult female TSA. Methods: A search was performed in Pubmed/Medline, SPORTDiscus and Scopus. The search was performed from the inception of indexing until 1 Sep-tember 2021. Crossover randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the effects of oral caffeine intake on several aspects of performance in female TSA were selected. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed for individual studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro) and the RoB 2 tool. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was performed for several performance variables. Results: The search retrieved 18 articles that fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Overall, most of the studies were of excellent quality with a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis results showed that caffeine increased performance in specific team-sport skills (SMD: 0.384, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.077–0.691), countermovement jump (SMD: 0.208, CI: 0.079–0.337), total body impacts (SMD: 0.488; 95% CI: 0.050, 0.927) and hand-grip strength (SMD: 0.395, CI: 0.126–0.665). No effects were found on the ratings of perceived exertion, squat jumps, agility, repeated sprint ability or agility tests performed after fatigue. Conclusions: The results of the meta-analysis revealed that acute caffeine intake was effective in increasing some aspects of team-sports performance in women athletes. Hence, caffeine could be considered as a supplementation strategy for female athletes competing in team sports. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

"Fat but powerful'' paradox: association of muscle power and adiposity markers with all-cause mortality in older adults from the EXERNET multicentre study

Objectives: To assess the influence of muscle power and adiposity on all-cause mortality risk and to evaluate the fat but powerful'' (F+P) (or fat but fit'') paradox in older adults. Methods: A total of 2563 older adults (65 €''91 years old) from the EXERNET multicentre study were included. Adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%) and fat index), allometric and relative power (sit-to-stand muscle power test) and various covariates (age, sex, hypertension, smoking status and walking and sitting times per day) were registered at baseline. All-cause mortality was recorded during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Participants were classified into four groups: lean and powerful (L+P), F+P, lean but weak and fat and weak (F+W). Cox proportional hazard regression models and adjusted HRs were calculated. Results: According to BMI and waist circumference, all-cause mortality risk was reduced in the F+P (HR=0.55 and 0.63, p=0.044 and 0.049, respectively) and L+P (HR=0.57 and 0.58, p=0.043 and 0.025, respectively) groups. According to BF%, all-cause mortality decreased in the L+P group (HR=0.53; p=0.021), and a trend for a reduction was reported in the F+P group (HR=0.57; p=0.060). According to fat index, a survival benefit was only noted in the L+P group (HR=0.50; p=0.049). Higher levels of relative power reduced all-cause mortality risk among older people (HR=0.63 and 0.53, p=0.006 and 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: Powerful older people exhibited a reduced 9-year all-cause mortality regardless of BMI, waist circumference and BF%. Obesity according to fat index blunted the survival benefits of being powerful