Use of electrical bioimpedance analysis to evaluate the quality of bovine raw milk

The objective of the present study was to use electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) as an alternative method of evaluating the quality of bovine raw milk. Fourteen lactating purebred Dutch cows were used. For the analyses of milk quality and electrical bioimpedance, 140 ml milk per mammary quarter and a homogeneous sample of each animal were collected, totalling 70 samples. The criteria used to evaluate milk quality consisted of somatic cell count (CCS), total bacterial count (CBT), fat, protein, lactose, total solids (ST) and non-greasy solids (SNG) as required by IN No 62/2011. A monofrequential 50 kHz and 800 μA alternating current generator was used for electrical BIAs. The temperature of the raw milk was 5 °C for all samples. Primary resistance and reactance readings were obtained. From these values, the values of impedance, conductance and phase angle were obtained. Correlation analyses were performed to determine the variables used by the regression analyses. The regression analysis was performed using raw milk components as dependent variables and BIA measurements as independent variables. Lactose, ST and SNG were the components of milk that correlated best and presented moderate prediction equations in relation to BIA variables. The prediction equations using resistance showed R2 of 0.42 and 0.45 for ST and SNG, respectively. In the prediction equation for ST and SNG, the conductance resulted in R2 of 0.45, and 0.45, respectively. Regarding impedance, the R2 of 0.42 and 0.45 were obtained for the predicted equations ST and SNG, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that BIA has the potential to estimate the composition and quality of bovine raw milk.Keywords: conductance, impedance, milk compositio

Use of mixtures of herbicides in rubber tree plantations in formation

Dois herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, MSMA e paraquat, foram testados isoladamente e em associação com outros cinco herbicidas: diuron, prometone, tebutiuron, etidimuron e simazine, e foram comparados entre si e com o método da roçagem manual com terçado, quanto à eficiência no controle das plantas daninhas. As misturas foram sempre superiores e entre elas os que se destacaram foram MSMA + diuron (1957 + 1600) g i.a./ha, paraquat + diuron (400+ 1600) g i.a./ha, MSMA + etidimuron (1957 + 2100) g ia/ha e paraquat+ etidimuron (400+ 2100) g i.a/ha. Entre estas, as duas primeiras se mostraram mais econômicas, além de estarem em disponibilidade no comércio.Two herbicides, MSMA and paraguat, applied as post-emergents, were tested singly and in association with five other herbicides: diuron, prometone, tebutiuron, etidimuron and simazine. These were compared among themselves and with manual weeding by machete, as to their efficiencies in weed control. The mixtures were always superior in effectiveness, and among these the following gave the best results: MSMA + diuron (1957+1600) g a.i/ha; paraquat + diuron (400+1600) g a.i./ha; MSMA + etidimuron (1957+2100) g a.i/ha; and, paraquat+ etidimuron (400+2100g a.i./ha. Among these, the first two were most economical in addition to being available on the commercial market

Absorção de macronutrientes pelo mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King) em função da calagem.

FERTBIO 2006

Crescimento do mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King) em função da calagem.

FERTBIO 2006

Efeito da omissão de macronutrientes no crescimento, nos sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e na composição mineral em gravioleiras (Annona muricata).

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da omissão de macronutrientes no crescimento, nos sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e na composição mineral em gravioleiras, conduziu-se experimento em casa de vegetação, mediante a técnica do elemento faltante. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos, sendo completo (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e micronutrientes) e com omissão individual de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As omissões dos macronutrientes afetaram o crescimento em altura, diâmetro das plantas e produção de matéria seca, quando comparados ao tratamento completo. Com base nos teores em g/kg dos macronutrientes nas folhas, encontraram-se os seguintes valores adequados nos tratamento completo e com omissão: N = 14,70 e 8,82; P = 0,92 e 0,47; K = 12,35 e 2,62; Ca = 14,11 e 3,44; Mg = 3,59 e 1,09; S = 5,32 e 2,30

Recomendações para o cultivo da pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervium C.DC.) no Estado do Pará.

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