32 research outputs found
Assessing quality of life: mother–child agreement in depressed and non-depressed Hungarian
Purpose: An important question in child psychiatry is the agreement between parents and children. We studied mother–child concordance about the quality of life of children (QoL). We hypothesized that mothers of depressed children rate lower QoL than children for themselves while mothers of non-depressed children rate better QoL; that inter-informant agreement is higher in the non-depressed sample; and finally that agreement increases with age of the child. Methods: QoL of depressed children (N = 248, mean age 11.45 years, SD 2.02) were compared to that of non-depressed children (N = 1695, mean age 10.34 years, SD 2.19). QoL was examined by a 7 item questionnaire (ILK). Results: Mothers of depressed children rated lower QoL than their children while mothers of nondepressed children rated higher QoL than their children. Agreement was low in both samples but higher in the controls. Inter-informant agreement was only influenced by depression. Conclusions: Our results show that mothers relate more serious negative effects to childhood depression than their children and rate less problems for their non-depressed children compared to self-reports. Mother–child agreement is negatively influenced by depression which further stresses the importance of obtaining reports from the child and at least one parent in order to understand the subjective experiences caused by the illness
BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and stressful life events in melancholic childhood-onset depression
INTRODUCTION: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
polymorphisms have been examined for their contribution
toward depression with equivocal results. More homogeneous
phenotypes might be used to improve our understanding of
genetic liability to depression. The aim of our study was to
(a) test for an association between the BDNF Val66Met
polymorphism and childhood-onset melancholic depression and
(b) to examine the interactive effects of stressful life
events (SLE) and the Val66Met polymorphism on the risk of
childhood-onset melancholic depression. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: A total of 583 depressed probands were involved in
this study (162 of the melancholic subtype). Diagnoses were
derived through the Interview Schedule for Children and
Adolescents - Diagnostic Version and life event data were
collected using an Intake General Information Sheet. RESULTS:
Overall, 27.8% of the participants fulfilled the criteria for
melancholy. In the melancholic group, the proportion of
females was higher (53.1%), although there were more males in
the overall depressed sample. We detected no significant
differences in genotype or allele frequency between the
melancholic and the nonmelancholic depressed group. The BDNF
Val66Met polymorphism and SLE interaction was not
significantly associated with the melancholy outcome.
CONCLUSION: In our study, females were more prone to
developing the early-onset melancholic phenotype. To our
knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the
differentiating effect of the genotype and the GxE
interaction on the melancholic phenotype in a large sample of
depressed young patients. We did not find an association
between the melancholic subtype of major depression and the
BDNF genotype and SLE interaction in this sample, which is
representative of the Hungarian clinic-referred population
of depressed youths
Odontogén tályogok diagnosztikája és kezelése a nemzetközi ajánlások tükrében [Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of odontogenic abscesses]
A wide scale of medical professionals including general practitioners, dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists or even emergency physicians frequently encounter patients suffering from abscesses of odontogenic origin. These dental infections spreading along the fascial planes into the adjacent anatomical spaces or by the lymphatic vessels and veins may result in life-threatening situations. It is essential to prevent and - in the case of an evolved disease pattern - to treat them properly, since improper or delayed treatment may entail avoidable burdens on the healthcare system. Our aim was to review the current literature regarding the development, diagnostics and treatment of odontogenic infections. A review of the English and Hungarian literature was performed. Considerations regarding the surgical management of dental abscesses have well-tried, traditional routes. Prompt intervention is considered mandatory with surgical decompression of the swelling by performing incision and drainage. A rapid improvement of radiology has provided the possibility to realize and avoid fatal consequences of this disorder. The administration route, necessity and duration of empiric antibiotic therapy are still "debated", protocols vary across studies. Based on inconsistency in findings among the studies and lack of high-quality prospective studies, future research should evaluate evidence-based and effective management of dental abscesses. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(37): 1455-1463
Familiality of mood repair responses among youth with and without histories of depression
Affect regulation skills develop in the context of the family environment, wherein youths are influenced by their parents', and possibly their siblings', regulatory responses and styles. Regulatory responses to sadness (mood repair) that exacerbate or prolong dysphoria (maladaptive mood repair) may represent one way in which depression is transmitted within families. We examined self-reported adaptive and maladaptive mood repair responses across cognitive, social and behavioural domains in Hungarian 11- to 19-year-old youth and their parents. Offspring included 214 probands with a history of childhood-onset depressive disorder, 200 never depressed siblings and 161 control peers. Probands reported the most problematic mood repair responses, with siblings reporting more modest differences from controls. Mood repair responses of parents and their offspring, as well as within sib-pairs, were related, although results differed as a function of the regulatory response domain. Results demonstrate familiality of maladaptive and adaptive mood repair responses in multiple samples. These familial associations suggest that relationships with parents and siblings within families may impact the development of affect regulation in youth
The potential role of oxytocin and perinatal factors in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders - review of the literature.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by: social and communication impairments, and by restricted repetitive behaviors. The aim of the present paper is to review abnormalities of oxytocin (OXT) and related congenital malformations in ASD. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database up to 2016 for articles related to the pathomechanism of ASD, abnormalities of OXT and the OXT polymorphism in ASD. The pathomechanism of ASD has yet to be. The development of ASD is suggested to be related to abnormalities of the oxytocin-arginin-vasopressin system. Previous results suggest that OXT and arginine vasopressin (AVP) may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ASD