СЕМАНТИКО-СИНТАКСИЧНІ ФУНКЦІЇ СПОЛУЧНИКІВ ХОЧ (І), ХОЧА (Й) У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ПРОЗІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ РОМАНУ Н. СНЯДАНКО «СИНДРОМ СТЕРИЛЬНОСТІ»). (Semantico- Syntactic functions of the conjunctions “ХОЧ (І), ХОЧА (Й)” in the modern Ukrainian prose(based on the novel «СИНДРОМ СТЕРИЛЬНОСТІ» written by N. Sniadanko).

У статті проаналізовано основні особливості у функціонально-стильовому використанні сполучників хоч (і), хоча (й), для яких характерна властивість виражати різні типи семантико-синтаксичних відношень у складному та простому ускладненому реченнях, у мові сучасної української прози (на матеріалі роману Н. Сняданко «Синдром стерильності»); представлено їхню основну семантико-синтаксичну функцію, що полягає у вираженні підрядних допустових семантико-синтаксичних відношень; визначено можливі причини, що зумовлюють нетипове (вторинне) вживання цих сполучників як реалізаторів вторинних семантико-синтаксичних ролей, а саме сурядних протиставних та проміжних протиставно-допустових семантичних функцій. In the article it is analysed the basic features in the functionally stylish usage of conjunctions hoch (e), hocha (i),for which it is the characteristic property to express different types of semantiko-syntactic relations in difficult and simple complicated suggestions, in the language of modern Ukrainian prose (on material of the novel of N. Snyadanko «Syndrome of sterility»); it is presented their basic semantiko-syntactic function which consists in expression of inferior dopustovi semantiko-syntactic relations; certainly possible reasons which predetermine the offtypical (secondary) usage of these conjunctions as realizators of the second semantiko-syntactic roles namely coordinating adversative and intermediate adversatively dopustovi semantic functions.

Self-efficacy, affectivity and smoking behavior in adolescence

Background: Research on health-related behaviors confirms the contribution of self-efficacy and affective factors to the initiation and continuation of smoking behavior. The aim was to assess the degree to which affectivity contributes to the association between self-efficacy and smoking behavior in adolescence. Methods: A sample of 501 elementary school students (mean age 14.7 +/- 0.9 years, 48.5% males) from the Slovak and Czech Republics filled out the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and answered questions about smoking behavior. Results: Logistic regression showed that social self-efficacy increased the likelihood of smoking behavior but only after adding positive and negative affectivity to the model. Adjustment for age and gender as covariates did not change these findings. Conclusion: Results show the need to prepare programs aimed at enhancing appropriate social self-efficacy and especially improving skills to resist the pressures emerging from peers. Adolescents should also learn to handle their negative emotions differently, instead of through smoking behavior

Інновації в транспозиційному вираженні приєднувальних семантико-синтаксичних відношень в українській художній прозі початку ХХІ століття

У статті на матеріалі українських художніх текстів початку ХХІ століття проаналізовано інновації у функціонально-стилістичному використанні сполучників інших семантичних сфер сурядності, транспонованих у сферу приєднувальних семантико-синтаксичних відношень; схарактеризовано корпус найуживаніших невласне-приєднувальних сполучників та визначено можливі причини, що зумовлюють вторинне вживання градаційно-приєднувальних, єднальних і протиставних сполучників. (In the article on material of Ukrainian artistic texts of the beginning of the XXI-st century it is analysed the innovations in the functionally stylistic use of the conjunctions of the other coordinating semantic spheres transposed into the sphere of join-ing semantiko-syntactic relations; it is kharakterized the group of the most productive nevlasne-joining conjunctions and certainly possible reasons which predetermine the secondary use of gradation joining, connective and adversative conjunctions.

A neural network model for object mask detection in medical images

In modern conditions in the field of medicine, raster image analysis systems are becoming more widespread, which allow automating the process of establishing a diagnosis based on the results of instrumental monitoring of a patient. One of the most important stages of such an analysis is the detection of the mask of the object to be recognized on the image. It is shown that under the conditions of a multivariate and multifactorial task of analyzing medical images, the most promising are neural network tools for extracting masks. It has also been determined that the known detection tools are highly specialized and not sufficiently adapted to the variability of the conditions of use, which necessitates the construction of an effective neural network model adapted to the definition of a mask on medical images. An approach is proposed to determine the most effective type of neural network model, which provides for expert evaluation of the effectiveness of acceptable types of models and conducting computer experiments to make a final decision. It is shown that to evaluate the effectiveness of a neural network model, it is possible to use the Intersection over Union and Dice Loss metrics. The proposed solutions were verified by isolating the brachial plexus of nerve fibers on grayscale images presented in the public Ultrasound Nerve Segmentation database. The expediency of using neural network models U-Net, YOLOv4 and PSPNet was determined by expert evaluation, and with the help of computer experiments, it was proved that U-Net is the most effective in terms of Intersection over Union and Dice Loss, which provides a detection accuracy of about 0.89. Also, the analysis of the results of the experiments showed the need to improve the mathematical apparatus, which is used to calculate the mask detection indicators

Improving the Efficiency of UAV Communication Channels in the Context of Electronic Warfare

The article is devoted to the development of a method for increasing the efficiency of communication channels of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the conditions of electronic warfare (EW). The author analyses the threats that may be caused by the use of electronic warfare against autonomous UAVs. A review of some technologies that can be used to create original algorithms for countering electronic warfare and increasing the autonomy of UAVs on the battlefield is carried out. The structure of modern digital communication systems is considered. The requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers for onboard electronic equipment are analyzed, and the choice of the hardware platform of the target radio system is justified. The main idea and novelty of the proposed method are highlighted. The creation of a model of a cognitive radio channel for UAVs is considered step by step. The main steps of modeling the spectral activity of electronic warfare equipment are proposed. The main criteria for choosing a free spectral range are determined. The type of neural network for use in the target cognitive radio system is substantiated. The idea of applying adaptive coding in UAV communication channels using multicomponent turbo codes in combination with neural networks, which are simultaneously used for cognitive radio, has been further developed

Enhancement of ATRA-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells with LOX/COX inhibitors: an expression profiling study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We performed expression profiling of two neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-BE(2) and SH-SY5Y, after combined treatment with all-<it>trans </it>retinoic acid (ATRA) and inhibitors of lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX). This study is a continuation of our previous work confirming the possibility of enhancing ATRA-induced cell differentiation in these cell lines by the application of LOX/COX inhibitors and brings more detailed information concerning the mechanisms of the enhancement of ATRA-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Caffeic acid, as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, and celecoxib, as an inhibitor on cyclooxygenase-2, were used in this study. Expression profiling was performed using Human Cancer Oligo GEArray membranes that cover 440 cancer-related genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cluster analyses of the changes in gene expression showed the concentration-dependent increase in genes known to be involved in the process of retinoid-induced neuronal differentiation, especially in cytoskeleton remodeling. These changes were detected in both cell lines, and they were independent of the type of specific inhibitors, suggesting a common mechanism of ATRA-induced differentiation enhancement. Furthermore, we also found overexpression of some genes in the same cell line (SK-N-BE(2) or SH-SY5Y) after combined treatment with both ATRA and CA, or ATRA and CX. Finally, we also detected that gene expression was changed after treatment with the same inhibitor (CA or CX) in combination with ATRA in both cell lines.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Obtained results confirmed our initial hypothesis of the common mechanism of enhancement in ATRA-induced cell differentiation via inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.</p

Aspects of self differ among physically active and inactive youths

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper was to explore connection between aspects of self and levels of physical activity among adolescents. METHODS: An international sample of 501 elementary school students (mean age 14.7 +/- 0.9 years, 48.5% males) from the Slovak and Czech Republics completed the Self-competence/Self-liking Scale, the Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, the Self-efficacy Scale and a question on their physical activity. Respondents were divided into three groups: (1) no physical activity; (2) infrequent physical activity; (3) everyday physical activity. Data were explored with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) separately for each gender. RESULTS: Boys with no physical activity had lower self-liking and social self-efficacy in comparison with boys with everyday physical activity. Girls with no physical activity had lower positive self-esteem, self-liking, self-competence, general and social self-efficacy and higher negative self-esteem in comparison with girls with infrequent and everyday physical activity. CONCLUSION: Regular physical activity is connected with psychological aspects of self among adolescents, especially girls. Incorporating physical activity into the life of youths on a regular basis might lead to the enhancement of their feelings of self-worth and self-efficacy