A follow up study of postpartum intrauterine device insertion in a tertiary health care centre

Background: In view of high rate of unintended pregnancy in our country, particularly in post-partum women, there is a need for reliable, effective and long-term contraception such as intrauterine device (IUCD) in post-partum women. This study was done to determine the efficacy and safety of Post-Partum Intrauterine Device (PPIUCD) and to compare the outcomes of PPIUCD insertion after vaginal delivery and caesarean section.Methods: This follow up study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. R.M.L Hospital, PGIMER, New Delhi over a period of 7 month from January 2016 to July 2016. PPIUCD (cu T- 380 A) insertions were done in 136 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Women having haemoglobin less than 8 gm%, rupture of membranes more than 18 hours, obstructed labour, Uterine anomalies, distorted uterine cavity by fibroid, significant postpartum haemorrhage, coagulation disorders, fever or clinical symptoms of infection during labour were excluded from the study. Post insertion counselling was done, and these women were advised to follow up at 6 weeks and then after 6 months postpartum in the family planning O.P.D. At the follow-up visit, the women were asked for any symptoms of unusual vaginal discharge, irregular or heavy bleeding per vagina, and any expulsions if noticed.Results: Total number of cases that reported for follow up in family planning OPD was 118. Therefore, 18 patients were lost in the follow up. In 58.47% women, there was no complaint. Heavy menstrual bleeding was found in 17.79% women and pelvic pain in 16.10% women. The expulsion rate was 5.08% and IUCD removal was done in 12.71% women. Though, the incidence of expulsion and removal rate was more in vaginal insertions than in caesarean insertions but this difference was not statistically significant, while the incidence of missing threads were found more in intra caesarean insertion (28% vs. 11.76% with p value <0.05). Continuation rate at 6 month was 82.20%.Conclusions: PPIUCD insertion is a safe, convenient and effective method of contraception. Although the expulsion rate and removal rate was more in vaginal PPIUCD insertions, the benefits of providing highly effective contraception immediately after delivery outweigh this disadvantage, particularly in our country where most of the women do not come for contraceptive advice after delivery

Seven Species of Curvularia Isolated from Three Lakes of Bhopal

A water borne Conidial fungi Curvularia were isolated from Sarangpani lake, Shahpura lake and Lower lake of Bhopal. Seven species were isolated during investigation period. They are Curvularia clavata, C. intermedia, C. lunata, C. pallescens, C. prasadii, C. robusta and C. senegalensis

Drechslera Species Firstly Reported from Some Water Bodies of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

During the investigation period (2007-2008) study of fungal diversity has been taken first time in three lakes of Bhopal. Eleven species of Drechslera viz. D. australiensis, D. halodes, D. hawaiiensis, D. rostrata, D. sacchari, D. state of Cochliobolus bicolor, D. state of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, D. state of Cochliobolus sativus, D. state of Cochliobolus setariae, D. state of Cochliobolus spicifer and D. state of Trichometaspheria turcica belonging to order Moniliales and group Deuteromycotina were isolated from lentic environment of Shahpura lake, Sarangpani lake and Lower Lake of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Carrier preference after graduation among AIIMS nursing students: higher education or government job as nursing officer

Background: Career by choice means that a student chooses a career of their own choice according to their interests and the demands of time. The present study aimed to investigate the preferences of pursuing government jobs or higher education among final-year nursing undergraduates and perceived barriers to pursuing higher education in nursing. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional web-based study was conducted among 207 final-year B.Sc. nursing students from May 2021 to June 2021 at the various All India Institutes of Medical Sciences of India. Data collection was done using total enumerative sampling techniques by self-structured questionnaire. A descriptive statistic was applied to prepare the results. Results: Findings suggested that the government job after graduation was the priority among students (63.3%), and only (30.4%) of students were highly motivated to pursue higher education in nursing. The majority (42.9%) of respondents given a reason to choose a nursing course were not selected in NEET-UG. Further data revealed that the reason for choosing the job over higher education was financial independence. Findings also reported that the student's perspectives towards the nursing profession were a lack of respect as compared to other medical professions, stigma in society, socially less accepted professions, fewer opportunities in research and education, and gender discrimination in the profession. Conclusions: The findings necessitate the need for a sensitization program to develop awareness of the benefits of pursuing higher education. This may change the stigma and improve the social image of the profession

A prospective study of fetomaternal outcome in patients of pregnancy with jaundice in tertiary care centre

Background: The objective of the study was to study the incidence of jaundice, biochemical alterations, Fetomaternal outcome and various liver pathologies of pregnant patients with jaundice.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in Dr S N Medical College Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India from June 2014 to February 2016. Total fifty pregnant patients with clinical jaundice and prodromal symptoms of hepatitis were included in study.Results: Out of 40,398 deliveries in our hospital, 50 cases of jaundice were identified giving an incidence of 1 in 808 (0.12%). Most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy in our set up was viral hepatitis i.e. 13 cases (26%) were HEV+ and 1 case (2%) came out to be HAV+. Serum LDH levels were raised in 36% of patients. Maximum no. of patients had their serum AST/ALT levels in the range of 100-1000 IU/ml (54%). Out of 52 births (2 twins) 34 were live births (65.38%) and rest were either SB or IUFDs. Most common causes of mortality in patients were Septicemia, MODS, DIC (25%) followed by HELLP syndrome and HEV+ viral hepatitis equally (16.67%). Maximum no. of patients with jaundice suffered from postpartum haemorrage and septicemia (60%).Conclusions: Most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy in our study was viral hepatitis. Public awareness about the various routs of transmission of different types of infective hepatitis, improving sanitary conditions and habits, health education of preventive measures can help in reducing the burden of jaundice in pregnancy

An ethnobotanical study of plants used by forest fringe communities of Lwali village (Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand)

The paper provides information on traditional knowledge of plants used by fringe forest communities of village Lwali (District Pauri Garhwal). The paper deals with 35 plant species belonging to 34 genera of 29 families, that find mention in the local folklore. The plants have been provided with botanical names, vernacular names, parts used and ethnobotanical uses

QuickSNP: an automated web server for selection of tagSNPs

Although large-scale genetic association studies involving hundreds to thousands of SNPs have become feasible, the associated cost is substantial. Even with the increased efficiency introduced by the use of tagSNPs, researchers are often seeking ways to maximize resource utilization given a set of SNP-based gene-mapping goals. We have developed a web server named QuickSNP in order to provide cost-effective selection of SNPs, and to fill in some of the gaps in existing SNP selection tools. One useful feature of QuickSNP is the option to select only gene-centric SNPs from a chromosomal region in an automated fashion. Other useful features include automated selection of coding non-synonymous SNPs, SNP filtering based on inter-SNP distances and information regarding the availability of genotyping assays for SNPs and whether they are present on whole genome chips. The program produces user-friendly summary tables and results, and a link to a UCSC Genome Browser track illustrating the position of the selected tagSNPs in relation to genes and other genomic features. We hope the unique combination of features of this server will be useful for researchers aiming to select markers for their genotyping studies. The server is freely available and can be accessed at the URL http://bioinformoodics.jhmi.edu/quickSNP.pl

A study to assess the effectiveness of clinical teaching on the level of knowledge regarding nursing care bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia among ICU nursing officers at AIIMS Bhopal

Background: Healthcare is a professional area bound to the ethical foundation of “do no harm.”, But in the current scenario, a rush to promote the curative scenario has led to the total downplay of the preventive aspect of care. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding nursing care bundle for the prevention of VAP among nursing officers before and after clinical teaching and to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical teaching. Methods: This pretest-post-test study was conducted on nursing officers working in the ICU of the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 100 nursing officers were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling technique. The self-structured tool was validated by 10 experts with a mean CVI value of 0.94. The reliability of the self-structured knowledge questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and found to be 0.87. The collected data was analysed for frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and association. Results: Findings showed that the mean knowledge score was 18.46±3.543 before intervention. After the intervention of video-assisted clinical teaching, a post-test was conducted, and the mean post-test knowledge scores was 25.07±2.801 at the p value &lt;0.01. Knowledge of subjects about nursing care bundle for prevention of VAP was found to have a significant association with only educational qualification. Conclusions: This study's findings concluded that educational interventions are necessary for the enhancement of knowledge and better compliance of nursing officers with guidelines regarding the bundle of care for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Checklist of family Poaceae in Lahaul and Spiti district (Cold Desert), Himachal Pradesh, India

The present study provides an overview of the diversity and distribution of grass species in Lahaul- Spiti district (cold desert) situated in the Trans-Himalayan region i.e. Himachal Pradesh, India. From the study area 141 taxa (138 species and 3 subspecies) belonging to 14 tribes were recorded. The largest tribe was Festuceae followed by Agrostideae having 48 and 20 species, respectively. Two species Poa koelzii and P. Lahaulensis are endemic to Lahaul- Spiti. Puccinellia kashmiriana is rare as per IUCN status. The present study on the grass floral wealth of Lahaul-Spiti provides an important baseline data on grasses for further quantitative and qualitative investigations like their nutritive values, crop improvement programmes and shall also help in the identification of priority conservation areas in the region