A brief study on Neem (Azarrdirachta indica a.) and its application-A review

Neem, Azadirachta indica A. is a tree, which has a wide application in animal kingdom. Azadirachta indica is fast growing evergreen popular tree found commonly in India, Africa and America. In the application of Neem, Neem used as Fertilizer, Manure, urea coating agent, fumigant, pesticide, Soil Conditioner and Neem pest control is very beneficial for proper crop and pest management. This review is mainly focused on application of neen

Liposomes: A targeted drug delivery system- A review

Liposomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), which are vesicular structures consisting of hydrated bilalyers which form spontaneously whenphospholipids are dispersed in water. They are simple microscopic vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membrane composed of lipid bilayers. Novel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and channel the active entity to the siteof action. It has been a study interest in the development of a NDDS. Liposomes are colloidal spheres of cholesterol non-toxic surfactants, sphingolipids, glycolipids, long chain fatty acids and even membrane proteins and drug molecules or it is also called vesicular system. It is differ in size, composition and charge. It is a drug carrier loaded with great variety of molecules such as small drug molecules, proteins, nucleotides and even plasmids. Few drugs are also formulated as liposomes to improve their therapeutic index. Consequently a number of vesicular drug delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and pharmacosomes were developed. The focus of this review is to the various method of preparation, characterization of liposomes, advantages and applications etc

History of plants and animal products in the treatment of human disease-A review

Advances in nutrition research during the past few decades have changed scientist’s understanding of the contribution of vegetarian diets and nonvegetarian diets to human health and disease. Diets largely based on plant foods, such as well-balanced vegetarian diets, could best prevent nutrient deficiencies as well as diet-related chronic diseases. However, restrictive or unbalanced vegetarian diets may lead to nutritional deficiencies, particularly in situations of high metabolic demand. Recent scientific advances seem to have resulted in a paradigm shift: diets largely based on plant foods, such as well-balanced vegetarian diets, are viewed more as improving health than as causing disease, in contrast with meat-based diets

Tibialis anterior muscle hernia : a case of chronic, dull pain and swelling in leg diagnosed by dynamic ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic muscle hernias are not uncommon in the lower extremities and are a rare cause of chronic leg pain. They are most commonly seen in the tibialis anterior muscle, occurring through fascial defects, usually after trauma. There are about 200 cases of muscle hernias described in the literature. The diagnosis is challenging as most of the patients present with non-specific chronic leg pain. Dynamic muscle ultrasonography at rest and at stress is often used for the diagnosis. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of tibialis anterior muscle hernia presenting with persistent dull pain and swelling along the anterior aspect of the leg on straining the leg muscles. Dynamic ultrasonography was performed, which showed a defect in the fascial sheath of the muscle through which the tibialis anterior muscle herniated and produced a focal bulge along the anterior aspect of the leg. Based upon physical examination and dynamic ultrasonographic findings, a diagnosis of tibialis anterior muscle hernia was made. CONCLUSIONS: Tibialis anterior muscle hernia is a rare diagnosis and should be included in the differential diagnosis in a patient with chronic leg pain and swelling. Dynamic ultrasound is crucial in confirming the diagnosis and should be done on straining the muscles of the affected limb

Niosomes: An aproach to current drug delivery-A review

Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surface active agents and hence the name niosomes. The niosomes are very small, and microscopic in size. Their size lies in the nanometric scale. Although structurally similar to liposomes, they offer several advantages over them. It has been a study interest in the development of a NDDS. NDDS has an object to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment of a disease, and reach the active ingredient to the site of action. A number of NDDS have been reported through various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. Encapsulation of the drug in vesicular structures is one of the most important systems, which can be predicted to prolong the existence of the drug in systemic circulation and reduce the toxicity, if prescribed uptake can be achieved. Consequently a number of vesicular drug delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and pharmacosomes were developed. Advances have since been made in the area of vesicular drug delivery, leading to the development of systems that allow drug targeting and the sustained or controlled release of conventional medicines. The focus of this review is to the various method of preparations, characterization of niosomes, advantages and brings out the application vesicular systems

Certain Submanifolds of Hsu-structure Manifolds

Abstract In this paper, authors have studied Hsu-structure manifolds and submanifolds. Submanifolds immersed in Hsu-structure manifold and (f, g, A1, A2, T1, T2) -Hsu metric structure manifolds have been studied. Certain interesting results have been obtained

A brief review on bilayer floating tablet

Bilayer tablet is innovative period for the successful improvement of controlled release formulation along with a variety of features to provide a technique of successful drug delivery system. Controlled release dosage forms have been comprehensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. Inclusion of drug in controlled release gastro-retentive dosage forms which can remain in the gastric region for several hours would considerably extend the gastric residence time of drugs and improve bioavailability, reduce drug waste and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. Numerous approaches are presently utilized in the prolongation of Gastric Retention Time, including floating drug delivery system, swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bio adhesive systems, high-density systems, modified shape systems and other deferred gastric emptying strategy

Formulation and evaluation of herbal tablets containing Agaricus bisporus powder

Agaricus bisporus is an edible mushroom known for its nutritional and bio-medicinal properties. The methanolic extract of Agaricus bisporus for phytochemical screening performed and Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, Glycosides, Protein, Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenolic, Steroids. Some of them are responsible for anti-diabetic activities. In the present study oral administrable dosage form of herbal tablet and evaluated. The result of all test were found to be satisfactory

A brief study on Strebulus Asper L. -A Review

Streblus asper L. is a small tree found in tropical countries, such as India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand belonging to family moraceae. Various parts of this plant are used in Ayurveda and other folk medicines for the treatment of different ailments such as filariasis, leprosy, toothache, diarrhea, dysentery and cancer. Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biological evaluation support most of these claims. This review presents the botany, chemistry, traditional uses and pharmacology of this medicinal plant