A stage-structured two species competition mathematical model under the effect of disease

In this paper we study the dynamics of two competing species model; one of this competing species is stage structured and the disease spreads only in the other competing specie. In order to keep the model simple, we present it under the strong assumption that the disease can not cross the species barrier. Dynamical behaviors such as positivity, boundedness, stability, bifurcation and persistence of the model are studied analytically using the theory of differential equations. Computer simulations are carried out to substantiate the analytical findings. It is noted that c the loss rate of the population, T the maturation time and f the intraspecific coefficient are the key parameters which we need to control or protect th to keep away the mature healthy population from extinction and also keep the infected individuals of the latter species from extinction respectively

Modeling and Analysis of the Spread of an Infectious Disease Cholera with Environmental Fluctuations

A nonlinear delayed mathematical model with immigration for the spread of an infectious disease cholera with carriers in the environment is proposed and analyzed. It is assumed that all susceptible are affected by carrier population density. The carrier population density is assumed to follow the logistic model and grows due to conducive human population density related factors. The model is analyzed by stability theory of differential equations and computer simulation. Both the disease-free (DFE), (CFE) and endemic equilibria are found and their stability investigated. Bifurcation analyses about endemic equilibrium are also carried out analytically using the theory of differential equations. The model study shows that the spread of the infectious disease cholera increases due to growth of carriers in the environment and disease becomes more endemic due to immigration. Numerical simulations are also carried out to investigate the influence of certain parameters on the spread of disease, to support the analytical results of the model

Unicornuate uterus with functional non communicating rudimentary horn: a refractory cause of dysmenorrhea

Mullerian duct anomalies are rare. Unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating rudimentary horn is a rare type of mullerian duct anomaly which occurs due to defective fusion of malformed duct with contralateral duct. The incidence is approximately 1:100000. Patient usually remain asymptomatic due to the absence of functional endometrium in most of the cases. If the rudimentary uterine horn has an endometrium lined uterine cavity and doesn’t communicate externally then the signs and symptoms of obstructed menstruation appears, as soon as menarche begins. It will be associated with severe dysmennorhoea and hematometra. Other complications may be abdominal lump, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, endometriosis, adenomyosis and ectopic pregnancy in rudimentary horn. Authors are presenting a case of refractory dysmenorrhea with lump abdomen in a patient with unicornuate uterus with functional non communicating horn. In a patient with refractory dysmenorrhea mullerian duct anomaly should be kept as differential diagnosis

Changing trends in cesarean delivery: rate and indications

Background: Caesarean section is a time honoured approach which was introduced in clinical practice as a lifesaving procedure both for the mother and the baby. The study was to compare the cesarean delivery rates over last 7 years and to examine the indications contributing to changed trends, if any.Methods: To compare the rate and indications of cesarean delivery over last 7 years. Data were collected in a retrospective manner from all the deliveries that occurred between January 1 and December 31 in 2009, 2012, 2015, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India. The rate and indications of primary and repeat cesarean sections were analyzed among the live births to estimate the relative contribution of each indication to the overall increase in rate. Repeat caesarean delivery rate increased from 24.66/1000 live births in 2009 to 46.56/1000 live births in 2015. FD, scar tenderness, NPOL mainly contributed to it.Results: The cesarean delivery rate increased from 149.33/1000 live births in 2009 to 234.03/1000 live births in 2015, with an increase in primary cesarean delivery rate from 124.66/1000 live births in 2009 to 187.46/1000 live births in 2015. Fetal distress, non-progression of labor, obstetric indications contributed to this increase.Conclusions: There is significant increase in the total cesarean rate with primary cesarean due to fetal distress accounting for most of the increase

Evaluation and Comparison of Formocresol and Sodium Hypochlorite as Pulpotomy Medicaments in Treatment of Mandibular Primary Molars - A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: the main idea behind the pulpotomy of a primary tooth is to remove the infected or inflamed coronal pulp tissues and cover the pulp with a suitable medicament or dressing which promotes healing and preserve the vitality of the teeth especially in young permanent teeth. A medicament should be biologically compatible, have healing capabilities, should be non cytotoxic, or mutagenic and with no carcinogenic potential. Aim: the main aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of commonly used two medicaments i.e. formocresol and sodium hypochlorite in pulpotomy of mandibular primary teeth. Material and methodology: a randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial was done on 50 subjects of age ranging from 3 to 6 years with bilateral mandibular first or second molar requiring pulpotomy. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups with 25 subjects in each. Group I, consisted of subjects on which formocresol medicament was used after extirpation of coronal pulp while in Group II, 3% sodium hypochlorite was used. Clinical along with the radiographic signs and symptoms were blindly recorded at an interval of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained in group II, when patients treated with 3% sodium hypochlorite. There was no major difference between the two medicaments used, but to the various adverse effects of formocresol, its usage has been limited. Conclusion: within the limitation of the study, it was concluded that sodium hypochlorite medicament proved to have better prognosis and can be suggested as a pulpotomy agent for primary teeth. Although formocresol was found to have similar significant results can also be used as a medicament. Keywords: Formocresol, Pulpotomy, Primary Teeth, Sodium Hypochlorit

Acceptance for Human Papilloma virus vaccines, experience at tertiary care centre of northern india: a hospital-based survey

Background: Acceptance of HPV vaccine is varying widely worldwide in   range of 10-70%. For increasing the acceptability for HPV vaccine, finding the obstacles and catering them diligently is required. The aim of the study was to find out acceptability rate for HPV vaccine in northern India and various obstacles and facilitators affecting acceptance of HPV vaccine.Methods: A questionnaire based descriptive study was done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from June 2016 to June 2017.  Questionnaire was filled by doctor after taking face to face interview of individuals. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee of the KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. (1689/Ethics/R cell/17) acceptability rate and various facilitators and obstacles for HPV vaccine were studied. For continuous variables mean with standard deviation was used. For categorical variables frequencies and percentages were used. IBM SPSS statistics applied.Results: A total of 302 cases were face to face interviewed, amongst which, 70 cases (23%) showed acceptability and 232 did not accept the vaccine. The most common obstacles were lack of knowledge and high monetary cost being the cause of nonacceptance in 48.3% and   33.6% of cases respectively.Conclusions: Higher level of awareness and knowledge about HPV vaccine and inclusion in government immunization programmed may increase acceptability

(R2032) Modeling the Effect of Sanitation Effort on the Spread of Carrier-dependent Infectious Diseases due to Environmental Degradation

In this present study, an SIS model is proposed and analyzed to study the effect of sanitation effort in controlling the spread of carrier-dependent infectious disease in a human habitat due to environmental degradation. The dynamics of the model consist of six dependent variables, the susceptible population density, infective population density, carrier population density, cumulative density of environmental degradation and the density of sanitation effort applied on carrier population and degraded environment. In the modeling process, the carrier population density and sanitation effort are modeled logistically and the degradation of the environment is assumed to be directly proportional to the population in the habitat. The analysis of the model is performed by using the stability theory of differential equations and numerical simulations. The study of model shows that as the degradation of environment increases, the density of the carrier population increases which ultimately increases the infective population. Further, the result shows that by applying suitable sanitation effort on the carrier population density and on the cumulative density of environmental degradation, the carrier population density decreases and hence the infective population. Thus, it is very important to keep our environment clean by applying proper sanitation to prevent the spread of carrier-dependent infectious diseases

A randomized double-blind study to evaluate asurgeon-based technique to reduce post-operative pain in minimal gynecological surgery

Background: The study aims to evaluate whether instillation of levo-bupivacaine intraperitoneally decreases post-operative pain after laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries, using VAS pain Scale. Methods: Randomized placebo controlled double blinded study conducted at tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. 90 ASA I & II women scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries. 20 ml 0.5% levo-bupivacaine diluted with 40ml normal saline (total 60ml) intraperitoneally at the end of surgery before closure of ports along with port site infiltration of levo-bupivacaine (3-5 ml) in intervention group and 60 ml normal saline intraperitoneally in control group. Results: Mean pain scores were significantly lower (p<0.01) in the intervention group when compared to the control group for initial 4 hours of the study after that mean pain score was lower in intervention group than control group but it was statistically not significant. The requirement of rescue analgesia was also significantly lesser in intervention group compared to control group. Conclusions: Levo-bupivacaine is an easy, cheap and non-invasive method which provides good analgesia in the immediate postoperative period after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery, without adverse effects, especially in the early postoperative period. This improves patients experience and should be made an integral part of all minimal gynaecological endoscopic surgery

Emulgel of Rumex hastatus D. Don Methanolic Root Extract with Antifungal Activity: Formulation and Evaluation

This study emphasised on the production of ‘Rumex Hastatus’ D. Don methanolic root extract for antifungal purposes. We performed a variety of physical and chemical analyses. We also executed many phytochemical investigations. Extracts from sequential hot percolation (Soxhlet) were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The objective of this investigation was to formulate and analyze a herbal emulgel with antifungal activity based on Rumex hastatus root extract. "The purpose of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of herbal emulgel formulation using Rumex hastatus root extract" might serve as an appropriate substitute for the original sentence. The extract has antifungal properties and is used in the formulation as an active therapeutic product. The extraction employed methanol, and the yield was found to be 26%. many phytoconstituents were found in the extract, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and anthraquinone glycoside. Despite the fact that this is an early examination, the results show that the generated emulgel is effective, and the pure chemical responsible for the effect should be extracted and studied. All of the developed formulations were effective, although formulation F3 showed the most promising outcomes of the four compositions and can be recommended for pilot scale up after constituent isolation