716 research outputs found
Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π°Β»
P. Verkhovsky, an experienced railway manager, wrote a book entitled Β«Railway ConfusionΒ» and devoted to comprehensive solution of a wide range of topical problems of organisation of the activity of railway companies. In 1910, he presented the book in a special report to the 8th Department pf the Imperial Russian Technical Society. The report was positioned as a focused review of the contents of the oeuvre. Extracts from the first part of the report published below are dedicated to the detailed and argued reflexions of the author on the requirements for the educational background of engineers and railway CEOs. If we use modern terminology, then the speaker highlighted career trajectory more suitable to finally occupy the position of managers, development of professional and soft skills, leadership and team building, the role of railway high educational institutions, mainstream issues to be included into curricula. Then the speaker refers to almost comprehensive set of issues referring to staff management and social policy towards the employees. The issues covered included organisation of railway education, high and higher school activities, social care regarding railwaymenβs children, health and many other aspects.The final part will be published in one of the next issues of our journal.ΠΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡ
Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³. Π 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» Π΅Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ Π² VIII ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Β«ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Β» ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² β ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ.ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π°
Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π°Β». Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2
In 1910 the experienced railway manager Nikolai Petrovich Verkhovsky presented in the VIII Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society his book Β«Railway ConfusionΒ» dedicated to the comprehensive solution of a wide range of pressing issues of organising the work of railways. The report presented by him, in fact, was a detailed and accentuated presentation of its content. The first part, published in the previous issue of World of Transport and Transportataion (Vol. 19, Iss. 6), focused on the authorβs opinion on the educational and professional trajectory of engineers and railroad managers.The emphasis in the second part, published in this issue, is on social work (housing), rail employment of women, primarily the wives of former railway workers.Special sections of the report are devoted to the policy of railways in the field of remuneration, working hours for certain categories of workers, as well as social insurance and pensions.Some thoughts are still relevant, if not in terms of practical implementation, then in terms of the importance of the considered components of social policy.Punctuation and vocabulary of the author are preserved in the text as much as possible.The final part of the publication will be in the next issues of the journal.Π 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³, Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ± Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» Π² VIII ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡ
Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Β» (Π’. 19, β 6), ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³.Π ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ (ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΌ), ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΆΡΠ½ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Π ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°.ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π°
Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π°Β». Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 3
News from the archivesThe final part of the article published in two previous issues.Let us remind that in 1910 the experienced railway manager Nikolai Petrovich Verkhovsky presented in the 8th Β Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society the bookΒ Β«Railway ConfusionΒ» written by him, dedicated to the comprehensive solution of a wide range of pressing issues of organising the work of railways.In the third part published in this issue, the emphasis is on the functions of the so-called local government councils within the railways and under the auspices of administrators of railways, role of the divisions of the traffic control within the railway companies and on countering the thefts and misappropriations. The speaker also commented on the organisation of the railway companies regarding the staff, and summed up his report with his main thoughts about the importance of railways.Punctuation and vocabulary of the author are preserved in the text as much as possible.ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡ-Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
.ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» Π² VIII ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡ
Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³.Π ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°.Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ΠΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½Π΅
A minimal model for spontaneous cell polarization and edge activity in oscillating, rotating and migrating cells
How the cells break symmetry and organize their edge activity to move
directionally is a fun- damental question in cell biology. Physical models of
cell motility commonly rely on gradients of regulatory factors and/or feedback
from the motion itself to describe polarization of edge activity. Theses
approaches, however, fail to explain cell behavior prior to the onset of
polarization. Our analysis using the model system of polarizing and moving fish
epidermal keratocytes suggests a novel and simple principle of
self-organization of cell activity in which local cell-edge dynamics depends on
the distance from the cell center, but not on the orientation with respect to
the front-back axis. We validate this principle with a stochastic model that
faithfully reproduces a range of cell-migration behaviors. Our findings
indicate that spontaneous polarization, persistent motion, and cell shape are
emergent properties of the local cell-edge dynamics controlled by the distance
from the cell center.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Potential generation during CO photodissociation from the fully reduced cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans
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