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    In Search of Compromise between β€œThe Liberals and The Orthodox

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    Religion and Society in Russia: Online Sources

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    The Orthodox in the Russian Ultranationalist Movements

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    О ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Н. П. ВСрховского «ЖСлСзнодороТная Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ…Π°Β»

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    P. Verkhovsky, an experienced railway manager, wrote a book entitled Β«Railway ConfusionΒ» and devoted to comprehensive solution of a wide range of topical problems of organisation of the activity of railway companies. In 1910, he presented the book in a special report to the 8th Department pf the Imperial Russian Technical Society. The report was positioned as a focused review of the contents of the oeuvre. Extracts from the first part of the report published below are dedicated to the detailed and argued reflexions of the author on the requirements for the educational background of engineers and railway CEOs. If we use modern terminology, then the speaker highlighted career trajectory more suitable to finally occupy the position of managers, development of professional and soft skills, leadership and team building, the role of railway high educational institutions, mainstream issues to be included into curricula. Then the speaker refers to almost comprehensive set of issues referring to staff management and social policy towards the employees. The issues covered included organisation of railway education, high and higher school activities, social care regarding railwaymen’s children, health and many other aspects.The final part will be published in one of the next issues of our journal.ΠžΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ Н. П. ВСрховский написал ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ «ЖСлСзндороТная Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ…Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ‰Ρ‘Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ комплСксному Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° насущных вопросов ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³. Π’ 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ½ прСдставлял Π΅Ρ‘ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ Π² VIII ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π˜ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Российского ВСхничСского ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π°. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎ сути прСдставлял собой Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Ρ‘ содСрТания. ΠŸΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ извлСчСния ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ части Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° посвящСны ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ рассуТдСниям Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎ трСбованиях ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³. Если ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ соврСмСнныС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ шла ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ подходящСй для занятиия руководящих постов ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ «мягких» ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, лидСрских качСствах ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ институтов ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ сообщСния ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ряда насущных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π”Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ Н. П. ВСрховский Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎ сути вСсь комплСкс вопросов, относящихся ΠΊ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ пСрсоналом ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Π΅ рассмотрСнных ΠΈΠΌ вопросов – организация систСмы ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования, Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‰ ΠΈ институтов, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΎ дСтях ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ аспСкты.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π°

    О ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Н. П. ВСрховского «ЖСлСзнодороТная Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ…Π°Β». Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 2

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    In 1910 the experienced railway manager Nikolai Petrovich Verkhovsky presented in the VIII Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society his book Β«Railway ConfusionΒ» dedicated to the comprehensive solution of a wide range of pressing issues of organising the work of railways. The report presented by him, in fact, was a detailed and accentuated presentation of its content. The first part, published in the previous issue of World of Transport and Transportataion (Vol. 19, Iss. 6), focused on the author’s opinion on the educational and professional trajectory of engineers and railroad managers.The emphasis in the second part, published in this issue, is on social work (housing), rail employment of women, primarily the wives of former railway workers.Special sections of the report are devoted to the policy of railways in the field of remuneration, working hours for certain categories of workers, as well as social insurance and pensions.Some thoughts are still relevant, if not in terms of practical implementation, then in terms of the importance of the considered components of social policy.Punctuation and vocabulary of the author are preserved in the text as much as possible.The final part of the publication will be in the next issues of the journal.Π’ 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³, Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊ слуТб двиТСния Николай ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ ВСрховский прСдставлял Π² VIII ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π˜ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Российского ВСхничСского ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ «ЖСлСзнодороТная Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ…Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ‰Ρ‘Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ комплСксному Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° насущных вопросов ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎ сути, прСдставлял ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Ρ‘ содСрТания. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ части, ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Β«ΠœΠΈΡ€Π° транспорта» (Π’. 19, β„– 6), основноС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ мнСнию Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³.Π’ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² этом Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ части Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ сдСлан Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ (обСспСчСниС ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‘ΠΌ), трудоустройствС Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, ΠΆΡ‘Π½ Π±Ρ‹Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° посвящСны ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ Π² сфСрС нормирования ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ пСнсионному ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ.НСкоторыС мысли ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹, Ссли Π½Π΅ с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния практичСской Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ ваТности рассматриваСмых ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Π’ тСкстС максимально сохранСны пунктуация ΠΈ лСксика Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°.ΠžΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π°

    О ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Н. П. ВСрховского «ЖСлСзнодороТная Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ…Π°Β». Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 3

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    News from the archivesThe final part of the article published in two previous issues.Let us remind that in 1910 the experienced railway manager Nikolai Petrovich Verkhovsky presented in the 8th Β Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society the bookΒ Β«Railway ConfusionΒ» written by him, dedicated to the comprehensive solution of a wide range of pressing issues of organising the work of railways.In the third part published in this issue, the emphasis is on the functions of the so-called local government councils within the railways and under the auspices of administrators of railways, role of the divisions of the traffic control within the railway companies and on countering the thefts and misappropriations. The speaker also commented on the organisation of the railway companies regarding the staff, and summed up his report with his main thoughts about the importance of railways.Punctuation and vocabulary of the author are preserved in the text as much as possible.ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΡΡ-Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ….Напомним, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ Николай ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ ВСрховский прСдставлял Π² VIII ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π˜ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Российского ВСхничСского ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ «ЖСлСзнодороТная Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ…Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ‰Ρ‘Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ комплСксному Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° насущных вопросов ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³.Π’ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² этом Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ части Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ сдСлан Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ совСтов ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ слуТбы двиТСния Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρƒ с хищСниями. НС ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡŒ соврСмСнным языком, ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ вопросы. Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ выступлСния.Π’ тСкстС максимально сохранСны пунктуация ΠΈ лСксика Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°.Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ тСкст Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Н. П. ВСрховского исчСрпываСтся. Однако Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² планируСтся Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· послСдовавшСй Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠΌ дискуссии, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ, хотя Π±Ρ‹ Π² части постановки вопросов, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Ρ‹Π½Π΅

    A minimal model for spontaneous cell polarization and edge activity in oscillating, rotating and migrating cells

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    How the cells break symmetry and organize their edge activity to move directionally is a fun- damental question in cell biology. Physical models of cell motility commonly rely on gradients of regulatory factors and/or feedback from the motion itself to describe polarization of edge activity. Theses approaches, however, fail to explain cell behavior prior to the onset of polarization. Our analysis using the model system of polarizing and moving fish epidermal keratocytes suggests a novel and simple principle of self-organization of cell activity in which local cell-edge dynamics depends on the distance from the cell center, but not on the orientation with respect to the front-back axis. We validate this principle with a stochastic model that faithfully reproduces a range of cell-migration behaviors. Our findings indicate that spontaneous polarization, persistent motion, and cell shape are emergent properties of the local cell-edge dynamics controlled by the distance from the cell center.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
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