Technical and Environmental Performances of Wood Combustion in Domestic Turbo Boilers: Influence of Operating Parameters

International audienc

Effects of lindane exposure on rainbow-trout (oncorhynchus-mykiss) immunity .III. Effect on nonspecific immunity and b-lymphocyte functions

Ecotox. Environ. Safe. ISI Document Delivery No.: NL882 Times Cited: 27 Cited Reference Count: 27 Dunier, m siwicki, ak scholtens, j molin, sd vergnet, c studnicka, m Academic press inc jnl-comp subscriptions San diegoInternational audienceThe effect of the organochlorine insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) was examined on some major immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the chemiluminescent response of pronephric cells (PMA-induced) in phagocytosis, on the proliferation of lymphocytes with B and T mitogens, and on the number of B lymphocytes analyzed by cytofluorometry. Two different methods of exposure were tried via food (first protocol) and via a single intraperitoneal injection (second protocol). After the oral contamination at a daily body dose of 1 mg/kg for 30 days, a decreased chemiluminescent response was observed which persisted for two more weeks and disappeared over 1.5 months. No effect was observed on lymphocyte proliferation and on the number of circulating B lymphocytes. In the second protocol lindane was administered intraperitoneally at 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg body wt. After 45 days the lymphocyte proliferation of B cells was depressed but not the T cell one. The B cells number in head kidney as measured by cytofluorometry was not significantly modified. Some nonspecific immunity parameters in sera were significantly modified. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc

Response to domestication and selection for growth in the European sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) in separate and mixed tanks

Selective breeding of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) receives a growing interest, as the estimated heritability of growth is medium to high. In this study, we compared the offspring of four groups of sea bass sires, mated with the same wild dams: wild (W), first generation of domestication (D), first generation of mass selection for length (M), first generation of PROSPER-like selection for length (P). The comparison was done both in replicated tanks (separate rearing) and in mixed tanks (mixed rearing) where sire origins were recovered by genotyping of eight microsatellite markers. Weight, length and growth rate were measured from day 238 post-fertilization (69 g mean weight) to day 611 post-fertilization (390 g mean weight). Both in mixed and separate tanks, both selected groups (P, M) were larger than unselected groups (W, D). No difference was seen at any time between W and D, nor between M and P. The selection response estimate on weight was larger in mixed tanks when compared to separate tanks (+ 42% in mixed tanks, + 23% in separate tanks at day 611), yielding realized heritability estimates of 0.60 and 0.34, respectively, and confirming the excellent potential of the species for growth improvement through selective breeding. Both selection response and the amplification effect between mixed and separate tanks decreased as rearing density increased. Our hypothesis is that selection response is magnified by competition in mixed tanks, while sub-optimal rearing conditions lower the observed selection response, more in separate tanks (where selected thus larger fish are at a higher density than unselected ones) than in mixed tanks (where all fish experience the same density effects)

Estimates of genetic variability and inbreeding in experimentally selected populations of European sea bass

The aquaculture industry has increasingly aimed at improving economically important traits like growth, feed efficiency and resistance to infections. Artificial selection represents an important window of opportunity to significantly improve production. However, the pitfall is that selection will reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding in the farmed stocks. Genetic tools are very useful in this context as they provide accurate measures of genetic diversity together with many additional insights in the stock status and the selection process. In this study we assessed the level of genetic variability and relatedness over several generations of two lines of experimentally selected European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). The first line was selected for growth over three generations and the second line for both high and low weight loss under a starvation regime over two generations. We used a genomic approach (2549 single nucleotide polymorphism markers derived from double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing) in combination with eight microsatellites to estimate genetic variation, relatedness, effective population size and genetic differentiation across generations. Individual heterozygosity estimates indicated that the selected lines showed no significant reduction in diversity compared with wild populations. There was, however, a decreasing trend in allelic richness, suggesting the loss of low frequency alleles. We compared the estimates of effective population size from genetic markers with pedigree information and found good correspondence between methods. This study provides important insights in the genetic consequences of selective breeding and demonstrates the operational use of the latest genomic tools to estimate variability, inbreeding and at a later stage domestication and artificial selection

Morphological predictors of slaughter yields using 3D digitizer and their utilization in common carp breeding program

Morphological predictors of slaughter yields using 3D digitizer and their utilization in common carp breeding program. Aquaculture Europe 201

Genomic prediction and genotype-by-temperature interaction of sex tendency in European sea bass

Aquaculture Europe, Oceans opportunity, 4-7 October 2021, Madeira, Portugal.-- 2 pages, 1 figureEuropean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is an important European aquaculture species. Females, performing better than males with later maturation and larger size, are preferred. Unfortunately, in aquaculture conditions, the sex-ratio is typically biased towards males. Thus, deciphering the sex determinism system and finding routes for controlling the sexratio of this species has been a long-lasting challenge to support sea bass production and selective breeding programmes. A polygenic threshold sex determination system was demonstrated (Vandeputte et al. 2007), where the genetic sex tendency is influenced by larval rearing temperature to determine the phenotypic sex (Piferrer et al, 2005). In this study, we applied two thermal treatments during early larval stage, a low temperature protocol (16°C, LT), known to favour more balanced sex-ratios, and a high temperature masculinizing protocol (21°C, HT). We used genome-wide SNP genotypes to estimate the genetic parameters and genotype-by-temperature interaction of sex tendency in European sea bassThis work was partially supported by the 3S - Seabass Sex and Stress project (n° 4320175237) funded by the French Government and the European Union (EMFF, European Maritime and Fisheries Fund) at the “Appels à projets Innovants” managed by the France Agrimer Office, and the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 652831 (AQUAEXCEL2020, Transnational Access project AE040073

Impact of thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke without occlusion: an observational comparative study.

The impact of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rtPA) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) but no arterial occlusion is currently a matter of debate. This study aimed to assess functional outcome of such patients with respect to IV-rtPA use. A retrospective case-control analysis was performed comparing the outcome of AIS patients without arterial occlusion with or without IV-rtPA use. Patients were selected from prospective consecutive observational registries of five European university hospitals. The primary study outcome was excellent outcome at 3 months after stroke, as defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1. A total of 488 patients without arterial occlusion documented by angiography were included in the present study; 300 received IV-rtPA and 188 did not. No between-group difference was found for excellent outcome before and after adjustment for baseline characteristics (adjusted odds ratio for no IV-rtPA use 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.51-1.24, P = 0.31). Similar results were found for favourable outcome (defined as a 90-day mRS of 0-2) whereas a higher rate of early neurological improvement was found in IV-rtPA-treated patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.29-3.07, P = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Our study suggests that AIS patients without visible arterial occlusion treated with IV-rtPA may have no better outcome at 3 months than those untreated. However, only a randomized controlled trial would provide a definitive answer about the impact of rtPA in acute stroke patients without occlusion. Until then, these patients should be treated by rtPA as recommended

Can we combine genetics and two-step temperature control to move towards monosex European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax?

Aquaculture Europe 22, Innovative solutions in a changing world, 27-30 September 2022, Rimini, ItalyIntroduction: The sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, is an important species for European mariculture, mainly in Mediterranean countries. In this species, females grow faster and reach a higher weight than males. However, most farmed fish batches show a highly male-skewed sex-ratio. The sea bass has a complex sex determination system, combining both genetic (polygenic) and environmental (temperature) influences. Low initial temperatures (<17°C) favor female sex determination. In contrast, temperature in the late post-larval phase has the opposite effect, with cold temperature favoring male differentiation and high temperature (up to 23°C) favoring female differentiation (Clota et al., 2021). However, data on the combined effects of genotype and temperature are lacking. We need to know whether there is genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction or not, to deploy a strategy towards producing monosex female individuals for production while keeping a balanced sex-ratio for hatchery and selective breeding. Results: Starting at 1 day and using incremental rearing periods at 16°C (31 to 244 days), followed by an increase to 21°C, we first showed that, while 31 days at 16°C led to 26% of females, increased cold exposure promoted the proportion of females, up to 46% after 74 days at 16°C. Conversely, exposure to 16°C for a period longer than 74 days progressively reduced the proportion of females, reaching a minimum of ≈ 10% after 230 days at 16°C. In a second experiment, we demonstrated that after an initial rearing of fish for 90 days at 16°C, a secondary exposure to four different temperatures (19, 21, 23, 25°C) resulted in different sex-ratios, with more females at higher temperatures (from 30% at 19°C to 49% at 25°C). Then, we examined the genotype-by-environment interaction in both periods, by genotyping fish with a 57K SNP chip, comparing 1) two groups reared at 16 or 21°C during the first 60 days and 2) four groups of fish reared at 19, 21, 23 or 25°C after 90 days at 16°C. The genetic correlation of sex tendencies between the two early temperature groups was very high (0.91 ± 0.09). In the late temperature treatments, the genetic correlations of sex tendencies between the first three temperature groups (19, 21 and 23°C) were close to unity (0.98± 0.16 to 1.00± 0.16), showing little, if any, GxE interaction. Conversely, the genetic correlations of sex tendency at 19, 21 and 23°C with sex tendency at 25°C were lower (0.82 ± 0.21 to 0.91 ± 0.21). Thus, genomic predictions of sex tendency can be reliably performed using data from any temperature treatment, provided the late temperature (after 90 dph) is not higher than 23°C The way forward: Based on these findings, we propose a method combining temperature treatments and genomic evaluation of sex tendency to 1) identify individuals with a strong “female” genetic background, including “neomales” sex-reversed by temperature treatments, and 2) use them with adequate temperature treatments to obtain near-monosex batches. References: Clota F., et al., 2021. Late high temperature promotes fast growth and female differentiation in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, while early photoperiod has no effect on either trait. Aquaculture Europe 2021, Funchal, Portugal, 4-7 October 2021Peer reviewe

Mov Disord

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease with limited symptomatic treatment options. Aggregation of α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes is believed to be a central mechanism of the neurodegenerative process. PD01A and PD03A are 2 novel therapeutic vaccine candidates containing short peptides as antigenic moieties that are designed to induce a sustained antibody response, specifically targeting pathogenic assemblies of α-synuclein. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate primarily the safety and tolerability of PD01A and PD03A in patients with early MSA. Thirty patients (11 women) were randomized to receive 5 subcutaneous injections of either PD01A (n = 12), PD03A (n = 12), or placebo (n = 6) in this patient- and examiner-blinded, placebo-controlled, 52-week phase 1 clinical trial (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT02270489). Immunogenicity and clinical scores were assessed as secondary objectives. Twenty-nine patients reported a total of 595 treatment-emergent adverse events (mild or moderate, n = 555; severe, n = 40). Treatment-related adverse events included 190 injection-site reactions typically observed in vaccination trials with similar per-subject incidence in the treatment groups over time. Sustained IgG titers were observed in the PD01A-treated group, and 89% of treated patients developed a PD01-specific antibody response after receiving all injections. Induced antibodies displayed clear reactivity to the α-synuclein target epitope. Titers and antibody responder rate (58%) were lower in the PD03A-treated group. In conclusion, both PD01A and PD03A were safe and well tolerated. PD01A triggered a rapid and long-lasting antibody response that specifically targeted the α-synuclein epitope. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.Reach α-synuclein-dependent neurodegeneration: clinical development of therapeutic AFFITOPE vaccines for Parkinson’s disease and multisystem atroph