17 research outputs found
Effect of unsaturated fatty acid supplementation on digestion, metabolism and nutrient balance in dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of unsaturated fatty acids in diets for dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation on intake, digestion and nutrient balance. Thirty-six multiparous and pregnant Holstein cows were randomly distributed to receive one of the experimental diets in the period from 35 days before the expected date of parturition to 84 days post-partum. Diets were fed as a total mixed ration and were as follows: control (C); soybean oil (SO), based on inclusion of 30 g/kg (DM basis); and calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (CS), based on inclusion of 30 g/kg (DM basis). Pre-partum dry matter intakes (DMI) of cows fed C, SO and CS were 11.9, 9.5 and 9.6 kg/d, respectively. Postpartum DMI was affected by experimental diets (18.5, 15.0 and 17.4 kg/d for C, SO and CS, respectively). The energy balance in the transition period of animals fed CS was 4.41 Mcal/d higher than cows fed SO and 1.3 Mcal/d higher than cows fed C. Supplementing cows with unsaturated fatty acid sources is a strategy for dairy cows in the transition perio
Evaluation of the Milk Fatty Acid Profile from Mediterranean Buffalo Cows in the First Eight Weeks of Lactation
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid composition of buffalo milk in the first eight weeks oflactation. It was used 18 cows multiparous Buffaloes of Mediterranean race, the data collection starting four weeksbefore of the calving provided by the 8th week of lactation. The animals were mechanically milked once daily in themorning. The milk samples used for composition analysis were collected weekly from parturition to eight weeks oflactation. There was effect of weeks during the transition period and early lactation for fat yield (kg/day) and for bodyweight of the buffalo cows in lactation (kg).There was effect of weeks of lactation on the fatty acid composition of milkfat.Variations in levels of unsaturated fatty acids of milk fat of buffaloes are similar to those found in dairy cows of thepartum to eighth week of lactation
Differences in Blood and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Primiparous and Multiparous Mediterranean Buffaloes Cows During Transition Period and Early Lactation
The objective of this study was to determine the differences in blood and fatty acid (FA) profile between primiparous and multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes cows from 28 days of expected calving date until 56 days in milk. Nine multiparous (MUL) and 7 primiparous (PRI) cows were used in the present study, animals grazed in Brachiaria decumbens and supplemented with 2.0 kg of concentrate/day. Blood and milk samples were collected once a week and data were submitted to repeated measures analysis using PROC MIXED of SAS. Multiparous cows presented higher concentrations of glucose and non-esterified FA during pre- and post-partum period, higher cholesterol during post-partum when compared to PRI. Milk yield and fat content were higher for MUL (6.44 kg/d and 7.89%) when compared to PRI (5.66 kg/d and 6.75%). Palmitic and palmitoleic FA were lower and C18:0, C18:1 trans-11 and C18:1 cis-9 FAwere higher in MUL cows. Multiparous buffalo cows demonstrated higher milk yield and fat content than PRI, and milk FA profile of MUL had higher amounts of C18:0 FA. Multiparous buffalos presented higher non-esterified fatty acid, which altered milk fat content, and higher milk yield than primiparous cows. Furthermore, multiparous cows presented a higher content of FA from incomplete biohydrogenation process
Complex B Vitamin Improves Performance of Mediterranean Buffalo Calves in Artificial Suckling from Birth to Weaning
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ponderal development, blood parameters and hematological from buffalo calves in artificial suckling supplemented with vitamin-mineral additive from birth to weaning. 18 buffalo calves were used and divided into two random groups: 1) control group; 2) group supplemented with vitamin B complex (Metacell ®). To evaluation of the ponderal development, the calves were weighed weekly and measured the thoracic perimeter, height and body length. Blood samples were collected weekly throughout the experimental period by jugular vein puncture. The group of calves supplemented with additives showed the greatest ponderal development in relation to the control group. Similarly the group of calves supplemented with additive has higher concentration of total cholesterol, urea and total protein. However there was no additive effect on the levels of glucose, albumin and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The values of leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes increased with the oral use of the additive in relation to the control group. This study supports the definition of reference values for the evaluation of buffalo calves during suckling period. The additive use to buffalo calves improves ponderal performance without significantly alter the metabolic profile
Utilização de quitosana na alimentação de ruminantes
O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos da utilização\ud
da quitosana na nutrição de ruminantes e demonstrar os resultados obtidos\ud
com sua aplicação na dieta de bovinos no Brasil. Foram utilizados neste\ud
estudo 8 novilhos canulados da raça Nelore. Os animais foram submetidos\ud
à 4 diferentes tratamentos, sendo além do controle, fomecidas as doses de\ud
50 mg, 100 mg ou 150 mg/kg de peso vivo (PV) de quitosana diariamente\ud
e inseri da no rúmen. Na adição da concentração de 150 mg/kg de PV de\ud
quitosana observou-se diminuição sobre o consumo de fibra detergente neutro\ud
(FDN), expressos em kg/dia e em porcentagem de PV do animal. A inclusão\ud
de quitosana na dieta proporcionou aumento da digestibilidade da matéria seca\ud
(MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB),carboidratos totais (CT),\ud
FDN e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). Houve efeito quadrático sobre\ud
o N-NH3 com a inclusão de quitosana na dieta. A inclusão de quitosana na\ud
dieta alterou as proporções molares de AGCC individualmente. O aditivo\ud
proporcionou aumento das concentrações de propionato (mmol/L) a medida\ud
que se elevou as concentrações de quitosana e de forma semelhante houve\ud
aumento de 7,47% para as porcentagens molares de propionato. Houve\ud
diminuição da relação acetato:propionato, principalmente com a inclusão de\ud
150mg/Kg de peso vivo de quitosana diariamente.Foi observado também neste\ud
trabalho, efeito linear decrescente para a proporção molar de butirato.Assim\ud
como esperado as concentrações de glicose plasmática foram influenciadas\ud
notadamente neste estudo, resultando num incremento de 18,58%, 26,35%,\ud
23,68% respectivamente para o controle versus as três concentrações\ud
utilizadas. Estes dados são coesivos com o aumento também linear obtido\ud
na participação do propionato no total de AGCC. Embora estejam dentro dos...Os organizadores autorizam a reprodução total ou parcial deste trabalho, para qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte
Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period
Effect of unsaturated fatty acid supplementation on digestion, metabolism and nutrient balance in dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation
Evaluation of Mediterranean buffalo cows during the transition period and early lactation and young calves until weaning
Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar búfalas da raça Mediterrâneo durante o período de transição e início de lactação e bezerros lactantes até o desmame. O experimento foi conduzido na área de produção de bubalinos junto com o Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Veterinária, pertencente à Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), localizada no município de Pirassununga/SP. Foram utilizadas 17 matrizes mestiças da raça Mediterrânea. A produção de leite foi registrada diariamente durante todo o periodo expeirmental. As amostras utilizadas para análise da composição fisico quimica e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite foram coletadas semanalmente, sendo provenientes da única ordenha diária. Para avaliação do suplemento vitamínico foram utilizados 17 bezerros búfalos divididos em dois grupos, o primeiro o grupo controle (aleitemanto artificial) e outro grupo foi administrado aditivo vitamínico-mineral (Metacell). Para avaliação do desenvolvimento ponderal os bezerros foram pesados semanalmente e foram mensurados o perímetro torácico (PT), a altura (ALT) e o comprimento corporal (COPM). Os bezerros foram avaliados até completarem 120 dias e alojados em piquete com silagem de milho e concentrado ad libitum. Houve efeito das semanas no período de transição e início de lactação para a produção de gordura e para o peso vivo das búfalas em lactação. Entretanto não houve efeito das semanas em lactação para os valores de PL, PLC, MPC, porcentagem de gordura e composição dos ácidos graxos da gordura do leite. Quando avaliado o perfil bioquímico das búfalas foi observado efeito das semanas do período de transição e início de lactação para as concentrações no soro de uréia, NUS, colesterol total, AST, BHB e AGNE. Entretanto as concentrações de glicose, PT, C-HDL, GGT e albumina não foram inlfuenciadas no período de transição e inicio de lactação. Entre todos os resultados de parâmetros hematologicos avaliados para as búfalas somente foi observado efeito de tempo para as concentrações no sangue da concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média. Os bezerros suplemetados com aditivo apresentaram maior desenvolvimento ponderal de forma geral em relação ao grupo controle. Os bezerros bubalinos tratados com aditivo vitamínico-mineral, apresenatram maiores concentrações de colesterol total, uréia e proteínas totais. Entretanto não houve efeito do aditivo sobre os valores de glicose, albumina e beta hidroxibutirato. Os valores de leutcócitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos, linfócitos típicos aumentaram com a utilização do aditivo oral em relação ao grupo controle. Porém a quantidade de plaquetas diminuíram com a adição do suplemento. Este estudo permite definição de valores padrões de referência para avaliação fisiológica bioquímica e hematológica de búfalas no período de transição e início de lactação. A utilização de aditivo para bezerros da espécie bubalina melhora o desempenho ponderal com respectiva melhora no perfil metabólico.The aim of this study was to evaluate Mediterranean buffalo cows during the transition period and early lactation and lactation calves until weaning. The experiment was conducted in the production of buffaloes with the Departamento of Nutrition and Veterinary Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), located in the city of Pirassununga/SP. Were used 17 crossbred Mediterranean. Milk production was recorded daily throughout the experimental period. The samples used for analysis of chemical and physical composition and fatty acid profile of milk were colected weekly and then daily single milking. To assess the vitamin supplement was used 17 buffalo calves divided into two groups, the first control group (artificial feeding) and another group was given vitamin and mineral additive (Metacell). To assess weight development calves were weighed weekly and were measured the girth (HG), height (ALT) and body length (COPM). The calves were evaluated until 120 days of age and housed in a paddock with corn silage and concentrate ad libitum. There was an effect of the weeks during the transition and early lactation for the fat production and the body weight of lactating buffaloes. However there was no effect of lactation week on the values of PL, PLC, MPC, fat percentage and fatty acid composition of milk fat. Investigation of the biochemical profile of the buffaloes was no effect of weeks of the transition period and early lactation to concentrations in serum urea, NUS, total cholesterol, AST, BHB and AGNE. However the concentrations of glucose, PT, C-HDL, GGT, and albumin were not affected during the transition period and early lactation. Among all the results of hematologic parameters evaluated for the buffaloes was only observed effect of time for concentrations in the blood mean conpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Calves supplemented with additive showed higher weight development in general in relation to the control group. The buffalo calves treated with vitamin-mineral additive, had higher concentrations of total cholesterol, urea and total protein. However there was no effect of the additive on the levels of glucose, albumin and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The values of leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes typically increased with the oral use of the additive in relation to the control group. But the number of platelets decreased with the addition of the supplement. This study supports the definition of standard values of reference for assessing physiological biochemical and hematological parameters of buffaloes in the period of transition and early lactation. The use of additives to improve water buffalo calves and their weight gain with improved metabolic profile
Effect of prolonged supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet of Bos taurus heifers on oocyte and embryo quality and metabolic profile
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais, ômega 3 e ômega 6, e o tempo de suplementação sobre a qualidade oocitária e embrionária em novilhas Bos taurus. Foram selecionadas 24 novilhas da raça Holandesa, divididas em três grupos experimentais os quais receberam as seguintes dietas: 1) Controle (CT) composto por dieta basal de aproximadamente 2,5% de extrato etéreo; 2) Grão de Soja (GS) composto por uma dieta com aproximadamente 4,5% de extrato etéreo, obtido com a inclusão de 11,5% de grão de soja cru e integral na matéria seca (MS) da dieta, sendo fonte de ômega 6; 3) Semente de Linhaça (SL), composto por uma dieta com aproximadamente 4,5% de extrato etéreo, baseada na inclusão de 6,0% de semente de linhaça na MS da dieta, sendo fonte de ômega 3. Os animais foram arraçoados em grupos, de acordo com o consumo de matéria seca do dia anterior de forma a ser mantido porcentual de sobras diárias, entre 5 e 10% do consumo. Foi avaliada, por ultrassonografia, a atividade ovariana de todos os animais durante todo período de coleta. Foram realizadas aspirações foliculares precedidas de sincronização da emergência de onda de crescimento folicular em seis períodos, -30, 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias, os oócitos recuperados foram classificados de acordo com sua morfologia. Foram considerados como viáveis e, consequentemente aproveitados para FIV somente os oócitos classificados como graus I, II e III, os demais foram descartados. Os animais foram pesados para mensuração de ganho médio de peso diário, e amostras de fluido folicular do folículo dominante e sangue foram coletadas concomitante às aspirações foliculares a fim de se avaliar os parâmetros metabólicos como glicose, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol VLDL, colesterol LDL, triglicerídeos e ureia, Houve efeito de tempo para o número de oócitos classificados em Grau I, número e taxa de embriões. Na avaliação dos contrastes ortogonais, foi observado efeito para o contraste 1 (CT vs GS+SL) quando se analisou a taxa de embriões viáveis, onde a dieta CT apresentou menor desempenho. Não foi observado efeito significativo dos tratamentos para ganho de peso diário e peso corporal das novilhas, onde o ganho de peso médio diário (GPD) entre os tratamentos foi de 1072 gramas para os animais do grupo controle, 972 gramas para o grupo tratado com grão de soja e 840 gramas para suplementação com semente de linhaça. Houve efeito de tempo para a pesagem dos animais alimentados com as dietas experimentais, em que foi observado um aumento significativo de peso dos animais. Para o ganho de peso diário (GPD) foi observado efeito para o contraste 1, em que os animais tratados com a dieta controle apresentaram maiores ganho de peso que os animais alimentados com dietas suplementadas com lipídeos. As duas fontes lipídicas avaliadas não diferiram entre si. Houve efeito de tempo para todas as variáveis do perfil metabólico sanguíneo analisadas ao longo de todo período experimental. Foi observado efeito de interação entre tempo e dieta para a variável glicose. Na análise dos contrastes foi observado efeito para o C1 (controle vs grão de soja + semente de linhaça) onde os animais que consumiram dieta controle apresentaram em média 152,29 mg/dL de glicose em relação aos que consumiram dietas suplementadas com fontes de ácidos graxos (GS e SL) (141,74 + 144,78) respectivamente. Houve efeito estatístico para interação entre tempo e dieta para os níveis de ureia. Na análise do fluído folicular foi observado interação entre tempo e dieta para as variáveis colesterol total e ureia. Foram observados efeitos significativos de dieta, interação tempo dieta e contraste 1 (CT vs GS + SL) quando se analisou a quantidade de triglicerídeos no fluído folicular. Portanto a suplementação prolongada com fontes de ácidos graxos insaturados na alimentação de novilhas não apresenta melhorias consideráveis na qualidade oocitária e embrionária dos animais, aumentando apenas a taxa de embriões viáveis, mas com prejuízos sobre o perfil metabólico e ganho médio de peso vivo.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sources of essential fatty acids, omega 3 and omega 6, and the time of supplementation on oocyte and embryo quality in Holstein heifers. Will be selected 30 heifers Bos taurus, evenly divided into three groups which will receive the following diets: 1) Control (CT) basal diet composed of approximately 2,5% ethereal stratum; 2) Soya Bean (GS) consists of a diet with approximately 4,5% of ethereal layer based on inclusion of 12% of raw soybean and complete the concentrate, a source of omega 6; 3) Flax Seed (SL) composed of a diet with approximately 4,5% ethereal stratum based on inclusion of 6,0% of flaxseed in the concentrate, a source of omega 3. The animals are hand fed into groups according to the dry matter intake inside the day in order to be kept remains percentage of the diets on a daily basis between 5 and 10%. Will be evaluated by ultrasound ovarian activity of all animals throughout the collection period. Be preceded by follicular aspiration performed synchronization emergency follicular wave into six periods, - 30, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, the oocytes retrieved will be ranked according to their morphology, by measuring the amount of layers and compacting cumulus cells and homogeneity of the ooplasm. Are considered viable and therefore only the recovered oocytes for IVF classified as grade I, II and III, the other is discarded. Follicular fluid samples of the dominant follicle and the concomitant blood will be collected follicular aspiration in order to evaluate the metabolic and hormonal parameters such as glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea. As expected outcome of the present study suggest that supplementation with fat has beneficial effects on follicle, the oocyte quality, the quality of in vitro embryo production and metabolic and hormonal profile of dairy heifers. There was a time effect on the number of oocytes classified as Class I, number and rate of embryos. In assessing orthogonal contrasts, effect was observed for the first contrast (CT vs GS + SL) when analyzing the rate of viable embryos, where the CT diet showed lower performance. There was no significant treatment effect on daily weight gain and body weight of heifers, where the average daily gain weight (GPD) between treatments was 1072 grams for the control group, 972 grams for the group treated with grain of soybeans and 840 grams for supplementation with flaxseed. There was a time effect for weighing animals fed experimental diets, it was observed a significant increase in initial weight to the final weight of the treated animals. In assessing orthogonal contrasts, effect was observed for the first contrast (CT vs GS + SL) for the GPD (daily weight gain) in the animals treated with the control diet showed higher values for average found weight gain, compared to diets with added lipid. However, when we analyzed the contrast 2 (GS vs SL) was not observed statistical effect of the tested variables. There was a time effects for all variables examined the metabolic profile of blood throughout the experimental period. There was a significant interaction effect between time and diet to the variable glucose. In the analysis of contrasts effect was observed for C1 (control versus soybean grain, flaxseed) where the animals fed the control diet had an average of 152.29 mg / dL glucose compared to those fed diets supplemented with acid sources fatty (GS and SL) (141.74 + 144.78) respectively. There was no effect for interaction between time and diet for urea. In the analysis of follicular fluid was observed interaction between time and diet for the variables Total cholesterol and urea. Diet Significant effects were observed, time and diet interaction Contrast 1 (CT vs. GS + SL) where it is examined the amount of triglycerides in the follicular fluid. Therefore prolonged supplementation sources of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet of heifers not considerably improvements in oocyte and embryo quality animal, only increasing the rate of viable embryos, but with losses on the metabolic profile and average live weight gain