Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Use of butyrate or glutamine in enema solution reduces inflammation and fibrosis in experimental diversion colitis

Leonardo Pereira Quintella. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta a informação no documento.Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-04-24T16:52:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-11-01T14:29:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Pacheco_Rodrigo_etal_INI_2012.pdf: 1293329 bytes, checksum: ce1721ea030772e327c899bdf406eb7b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-01T14:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Pacheco_Rodrigo_etal_INI_2012.pdf: 1293329 bytes, checksum: ce1721ea030772e327c899bdf406eb7b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Medical School. Department of Surgery. Experimental Surgery Center Surgical. Sciences Postgraduate Program. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Medical School. Department of Surgery. Experimental Surgery Center Surgical. Sciences Postgraduate Program. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Medical School. Department of Surgery. Experimental Surgery Center Surgical. Sciences Postgraduate Program. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Histology and Embryology. Laboratory of Cellular Immunology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Medical School. Department of Pathology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Medical School. Department of Pathology. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho. Department of Internal Medicine. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Medical School. Department of Surgery. Experimental Surgery Center Surgical. Sciences Postgraduate Program. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.AIM: To investigate whether butyrate or glutamine enemas could diminish inflammation in experimental diversion colitis. METHODS: Wistar specific pathogen-free rats were submitted to a Hartmann’s end colostomy and treated with enemas containing glutamine, butyrate, or saline. Enemas were administered twice a week in the excluded segment of the colon from 4 to 12 wk after the surgical procedure. Follow-up colonoscopy was performed every 4 wk for 12 wk. The effect of treatment was evaluated using video-endoscopic and histologic scores and measuring interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor beta production in organ cultures by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Colonoscopies of the diverted segment showed mucosa with hyperemia, increased number of vessels, bleeding and mucus discharge. Treatment with either glutamine or butyrate induced significant reductions in both colonoscopic (P < 0.02) and histological scores (P < 0.01) and restored the densities of collagen fibers in tissue (P = 0.015; P = 0.001), the number of goblet cells (P = 0.021; P = 0.029), and the rate of apoptosis within the epithelium (P = 0.043; P = 0.011) to normal values. The high levels of cytokines in colon explants from rats with diversion colitis significantly decreased to normal values after treatment with butyrate or glutamine. CONCLUSION: The improvement of experimental diversion colitis following glutamine or butyrate enemas highlights the importance of specific luminal nutrients in the homeostasis of the colonic mucosa and supports their utilization for the treatment of human diversion colitis

Estudo comparativo da reação inflamatória renal entre álcool de polivinil - flocular e álcool de polivinil + acetato de polivinil - esférico: estudo experimental

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características e os efeitos de um agente embólico, disponível comercialmente, consistindo de Polivinil Álcool (PVA) de morfologia flocular, e comparar com um agente esférico, de tecnologia nacional, consistindo de Polivinil Álcool e Polivinil Acetato (PVA + PVAc). MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas fêmeas de coelho albino "New Zealand", submetidas à embolização arterial renal. PVA-flocular foi usado em 24 animais, assim como PVA+PVAc-esférico. Seis animais foram utilizados como controle. Todos foram mantidos em cativeiro até a morte, por períodos pós-operatórios de 48 horas, cinco dias, 10 dias e 30 dias. RESULTADOS: Ambos os agentes promoveram oclusão do vaso e infarto do órgão. O estudo microscópico inicial das artérias embolizadas com PVA-flocular, mostra oclusão com trombo e PVA. Os vasos embolizados com PVA+PVAc-esférico, mostram os agentes ocupando praticamente todo o lúmen. No estudo de 30 dias, observa-se absorção do trombo e retração dos agentes de PVAflocular, criando espaços. E com PVA+PVAc-esférico, pode-se observar os agentes circundados por intensa fibrose. CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as partículas foram efetivas para causar isquemia tecidual. A reação inflamatória foi mais intensa com PVA+PVAc-esférico que também apresentou grau de penetração maior no sistema vascular