Антибактериальная активность полифенолов, полученных механохимическим путем из природного сырья

This study focuses on bactericidal activity of a number of biomass-derived polyphenols (humic substances and melanins) obtained by mechanochemical activation of the brown coal and husk of buckwheat mixed with a solid oxidizing or reducing agents against opportunistic pathogens relevant to the poultry industry: Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The studied polyphenols are active against bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) after being subjected to mechanochemical activation in the presence of sodium percarbonate. Almost all the studied samples, except for those exposed to treatment with zinc, were active against bacteria Pasteurella multocida (the family Pasteurellacеae) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (the family Staphylococcаcеae). The samples active against bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes (the family Streptococcacеae) and Staphylococcus aureus (the family Staphylococcacеae) can be obtained by mechanochemical interaction with sodium percarbonate under certain conditionsПроведено исследование бактерицидного действия ряда полифенолов (гуминовых веществ и меланинов) из природного сырья, полученных в результате механохимической обработки смесей сырья с твердым окислителем – перкарбонатом натрия и восстановителем – цинком в отношении условно-патогенных бактерий, важных для птицеводства: Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Esherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Исследованные гуминовые полифенолы проявляют активность в отношении бактерий семейства Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Esherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) после механохимического взаимодействия с перкарбонатом натрия. Образцы после взаимодействия с цинком активности не проявляют. В отношении бактерий Pasteurella multocida (семейство Pasteurellacеae) Staphylococcus epidermidis (семейство Staphylococcаcеae) активны практически все исследованные гуминовые и меланиновые препараты за исключением препаратов после взаимодействия с цинком. Активные в отношении бактерий Streptococcus pyogenes (семейство Streptococcacеae), Staphylococcus aureus (семейство Staphylococcacеae) могут быть получены механохимическим взаимодействием с перкарбонатом натрия в определенных условия

Carbocyclic functionalization of quinoxalines, their chalcogen congeners 2,1,3-benzothia/selenadiazoles, and related 1,2-diaminobenzenes based on nucleophilic substitution of fluorine

Previously unknown mono-, di- and in some cases tri- and tetra- carbocycle-substituted quinoxalines (2–8), 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles (11, 12, 14–17) and 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazoles (20-25) were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of fluorine in 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoroquinoxaline (1) and 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro-2,1,3-benzothia/selenadiazoles (10 and 19, respectively) with methoxide and dimethylamine. In the 1:1 reactions, the nucleophiles attacked selectively the position 6 of 1 or the position 5 of 10 and 19. The regioselective nature of the 1:1 reactions was confirmed by the DFT calculations at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Disubstituted quinoxaline (28), thia- (29) and selena- (30) diazoles bearing two different substituents, i.e. MeO- and Me2N-, were synthesized in a similar way. New substituted 1,2-diaminobenzenes (31–33) were prepared by reduction of corresponding thiadiazoles (12, 14, 15) and isolated in the form of hydrochlorides. Compound 33 was converted into a new quinoxaline (34) by reaction with (PhCO)2. Compounds 5, 7 and 14 were studied for cytotoxicity toward the human cancer cells and effects on the cytochrome P450 mRNA expression. They did not cause any significant modulations in the expression of several cytochrome P450 genes, and 7 was weakly toxic for the Hep2 (carcinoma) and U937 (leukemia) cells, particularly, apoptosis was observed

Carbocyclic functionalization of quinoxalines, their chalcogen congeners 2,1,3-benzothia/selenadiazoles, and related 1,2-diaminobenzenes based on nucleophilic substitution of fluorine

Previously unknown mono-, di- and in some cases tri- and tetra- carbocycle-substituted quinoxalines (2–8), 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles (11, 12, 14–17) and 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazoles (20-25) were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of fluorine in 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoroquinoxaline (1) and 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro-2,1,3-benzothia/selenadiazoles (10 and 19, respectively) with methoxide and dimethylamine. In the 1:1 reactions, the nucleophiles attacked selectively the position 6 of 1 or the position 5 of 10 and 19. The regioselective nature of the 1:1 reactions was confirmed by the DFT calculations at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Disubstituted quinoxaline (28), thia- (29) and selena- (30) diazoles bearing two different substituents, i.e. MeO- and Me2N-, were synthesized in a similar way. New substituted 1,2-diaminobenzenes (31–33) were prepared by reduction of corresponding thiadiazoles (12, 14, 15) and isolated in the form of hydrochlorides. Compound 33 was converted into a new quinoxaline (34) by reaction with (PhCO)2. Compounds 5, 7 and 14 were studied for cytotoxicity toward the human cancer cells and effects on the cytochrome P450 mRNA expression. They did not cause any significant modulations in the expression of several cytochrome P450 genes, and 7 was weakly toxic for the Hep2 (carcinoma) and U937 (leukemia) cells, particularly, apoptosis was observed