Sustainable Tobacco Production Assessment: Navigating Environmental, Social, and Economic Dimensions for Responsible Practices

Recent methods for assessing the tobacco industry's impact on the environment, society, and economy have become essential. These methods provide standardized frameworks for quantifying and assessing an industry's environmental impact, labor conditions, economic viability, and community engagement. This article critically analyzes various methodologies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities for development. It provides a holistic view of sustainable tobacco production and suggests future studies

Kinetic Study of the Bouduard Reaction

Kinetics of the Bouduard reaction (reaction of coal carbon with carbon dioxide) has been investigated in the temperature range 1100°F to 1300°F at atmospheric pressures employing chars from a bituminous coal from West Virginia, a sub-bituminous coal from Montana and two lignites from North Dakota. A simple kinetic model based on the stoichiometric equation C02 + C (K1/K2)2 CO was assumed. Rate data were obtained in an z k2 electrically heated fixed bed plug-flow reactor. The bed was packed with the coal char and the carbon dioxide delivered from a cylinder. The forward and reverse reaction rate constants were evaluated based on a model allowing for volume changes. The stoichiometric equation did not fit the actual mechanism of the reaction, as indicated by a decrease in the value of k2 with temperature. Analysis of the factorial design employed indicated that the rate of the Bouduard reaction is significantly dependent on coal type, temperature and space time. The degree of conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, for a given space time and temperature, increased with decreasing coal rank

Review of Contemporary Literature on Machine Learning based Malware Analysis and Detection Strategies

Abstract: malicious software also known as malware are the critical security threat experienced by the current ear of internet and computer system users. The malwares can morph to access or control the system level operations in multiple dimensions. The traditional malware detection strategies detects by signatures, which are not capable to notify the unknown malwares. The machine learning models learns from the behavioral patterns of the existing malwares and attempts to notify the malwares with similar behavioral patterns, hence these strategies often succeeds to notify even about unknown malwares. This manuscript explored the detailed review of machine learning based malware detection strategies found in contemporary literature

Zinc oxide (ZnO)​: an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 4-​arylmethylidene-​2-​phenyl 5(4H)​-​oxazolones having antimicrobial activity

A straightforward and a general method has been developed for the synthesis of some important functionalized 4-​arylmethylidene-​2-​phenyl-​5(4H)​-​oxazolone derivs. by combining araldehydes and hippuric acid in the presence of catalytic amt. of zinc oxide at room temp. in Et alc. is reported. The method was very easy, rapid and products obtained were in excellent yields. The compds. were purified, characterized and were subjected for in vitro antibacterial activity (detn. of Min. Inhibitory Concn. (MIC) by micro titrn. method) using two std. drugs Streptomycin and Ampicillin against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Five of the synthesized compds. showed remarkable antibacterial activity when compared to that of stds

Stratification of Spinal Ependyma in Rats in Response to Injury

ABSTRACT The ependymal lining of the central canal in response to injury was investigated in young rats. A unilateral incision on the dorsolateral aspect of the spinal cord (thoraco-lumbar region) was made, after laminectomy, without injuring the ependyma after laminectomy. The sham operated controlled and lesioned spinal cords at different periods, from day 1 to 21 (post-operative) were processed for light microscopy. It was observed that the lumen of the central canal of the lesioned spinal cords was collapsed, irregular and lined by stratified layer (3to 4 layers) of ependyma. The ependymal cells in the lesioned spinal cords proliferated in response to injury. The ependyma lining the central canal of the spinal cord in rats retains regenerative capacity -a phylogenetic feature of lower forms which can be evoked by a local injury

Value relevance of financial information: A comparative study of pre- and post- implementation of Indian accounting standards

In 2016, India implemented new accounting standards, Ind AS, aligning with IFRS to increase transparency in the financial reporting of Indian companies. This study examines the value relevance of financial information in India before and after the adoption of Indian accounting standards (Ind AS) by comparing the published financial statements in pre- and post-Ind AS periods and determines the influence of financial information on the market price of shares. The study period is for twelve years, from 2011 to 2022, divided into 2011–2016 (pre-Ind AS period) and 2017–2022 (post-Ind AS period). To evaluate the value relevance of financial information, the Ohlson pricing model is employed on the panel data of the blue-chip companies listed in the Nifty 50 Index. The results from the Least Squares regression reveal that the net cash from investing activities, profit-after-tax, and book-value-per-share were relevant for investment decisions prior to the adoption of the Ind AS. In contrast, the profit-after-tax had no explanatory power during the post-Ind AS period. However, the net cash from investing activities and the book-value-per-share significantly influenced the market price of equity since the implementation of Ind AS. The value relevance of the accounting statements was superior in the pre-Ind AS period compared to the post-Ind AS

Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Metoprolol, Atorvastatin and Ramipril in Capsules by a Validated Stability-Indicating RP-UPLC Method

A simple ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Metoprolol (MT), Atorvastatin (AT) and Ramipril (RM) from capsule dosage form. The method was developed using Zorbax® XDB-C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.06% ortho phosphoric acid in Milli Q® water having an ion pair reagent, 0.0045 M Sodium lauryl sulphate as buffer, at ratio of buffer: Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v), at 55°C column temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out with ultra-violet detection at 210 nm for RM, MT and AT respectively. The retention times were about 1.3, 2.1 and 2.6 min for MT, AT and RM respectively, the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and ruggedness. The % mean recoveries are 101.9, 102.1 and 101.4 for MT, AT and RM respectively. The method was found to be rugged and robust and can be successfully used to determine the three drugs and its combinations

Comparison of the conformation and stability of the native dimeric, monomeric, tetrameric and the desensitized forms of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase from Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) seedlings

A homogenous and crystalline form of nucleotide pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.9) from Phaseolus aureus (mung bean) seedlings was used for the study of the regulation of enzyme activity by adenine nucleotides. The native dimeric form of the enzyme had a helical content of about 65% which was reduced to almost zero values by the addition of AMP. In addition to this change in the helical content, AMP converted the native dimer to a tetramer. Desensitization of AMP regulation, without an alteration of the molecular weight, was achieved either by reversible denaturation with 6 M urea or by passage through a column of Blue Sepharose but additionof phydroxymercuribenzoate desensitized the enzyme by dissociating the native dimer to a monomer. The changes in the quaternary structure and conformation of the enzyme consequent to AMP interaction or desensitization were monitored by measuring the helical content, EDTA inactivation and Zn2+ reactivation, stability towards heat denaturation, profiles of urea denaturation and susceptibility towards proteolytic digestion. Based on these results and our earlier work on this enzyme, we propose a model for the regulation of the mung bean nucleotide pyrophosphatase by association-dissociation and conformational changes. The model emphasizes that multiple mechanisms are operative in the desensitization of regulatory proteins