Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Three Different Storage Media in Maintaining the Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: Dental trauma is the most common injury which occurs in oro-facial region. Traumatic dental injuries are often seen among injuries to the face. Among them, tooth avulsion (0.5%-16%) is a complex traumatic injury characterized by the rupture of the neurovascular bundle and periodontal ligament (PDL) exposing the tooth to the outer environment. It occurs most often in the age group of 7-10 years, when the alveolar bone is resilient and offers minimal resistance to extrusive forces. Avulsion is a potential threat to the vitality of Periodontal ligament cells which are essential for the healing of replanted avulsed teeth. Hence management protocols should include management of the pulp and the periodontal ligament cells in the long-term survival and prognosis of avulsed teeth.2 The types of healing that takes place after the avulsion injury are as follows: 1.Favorable healing: a. Healing with a normal periodontal ligament (without root resorption) b. Healing with surface resorption (repair-related resorption) 2.Unfavorable healing: a. Healing with ankylosis (replacement). b. Healing with inflammatory resorption (infection related resorption).3 Two of the most critical factors affecting the prognosis of an avulsed tooth after replantation are extra oral dry time and the storage medium in which the tooth is placed.4As replantation of avulsed teeth occurs more frequently between 1 and 4 hours after avulsion, degeneration of cemental periodontal ligament fibers is a common event and the presence of necrotic Periodontal ligament remnants on root surface stimulates the occurrence of inflammatory root resorption, which is the major cause of loss of replanted teeth.5Secondly, storage or transport medium to support cell viability is more important than the extra oral Introduction: An ideal storage medium should be one that is capable of preserving the viability, mitogenicity and clonogenic capacity of the damaged Periodontal ligament cells to facilitate proliferation of these cells over the denuded root surface, thereby preventing further root resorption.Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate as a storage media for avulsed tooth in maintaining periodontal ligament cell viability in comparison with Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution and Oral Rehydration Solution.Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human premolar teeth with normal periodontium and closed apices were taken. Forty teeth were randomly assigned into five experimental groups. It was then incubated for 30 minutes in falcon tubes with 2.5 ml solution of 0.2 mg/ml of collagenase II and 2.4 mg/ml solution of dispase grade II in phosphate buffered saline. After incubation, 50 μl of fetal bovine serum was added to each tube with the help of micropipette. Cells were labelled with 0.4% trypan blue for determination of viability. The number of viable cells in a grid of Neubauer’s chamber were counted under a light microscope at 40X magnification.Results: Results were analysed using Kruskul-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test.Conclusion: GC Tooth Mousse, Hanks balanced salt solution and Oral rehydration solution can be used as storage medium. GC Tooth Mousse is better than Hanks balanced salt solution and Oral rehydration solution as a storage medium

A novel adequacy resiliency paradigm for power system reliability measures

Available transfer capability (ATC) computations are extensively used to ensure competitive electricity trading in the deregulated environment. Acting as market signals of the transmission capability, ATC aids the independent system operator in ensuring that there is non-discriminatory access to the transmission services as sought by various market players, which information is pivotal for scheduling energy transactions. In this paper, however, based on the usage of ATC in the planning horizon, we propose the concept of adequacy resilience, which is an indicator of adaptability of power systems to ensure the required reliability levels. A detailed formulation of various adequacy resilience indices (ARIs) is presented, with the help of an illustrative example on the six-bus Roy Billinton Test System. ARIs can be potentially used as benchmarks for deciding upon the quantum of transmission system reinforcements to be deployed in transmission expansion planning studies. In the process, we also rely on the decision theory of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for engaging priority weightages where required

A Modeling paradigm for extending well-being analysis to a composite bilateral contracts market

Economic trading brought on by the introduction of markets in the realm of power systems has witnessed a drastic shift in the way customer-say is incorporated into reliability apportioning. As customers are the sole determinants of profit making ventures in the liberalized regime, it is imperative that they be provided with ample decision support through reliability management options for the selective implementation of non-uniform reliability. The emergent equivalence techniques take into account the structural changes that necessitate the transitional operational framework in the restructured scenario. They provide clientele with the customary adequacy indices such as Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and Expected Energy Not Served (EENS), enabling them to choose their generation providers according to pre-defined desirable thresholds. In a move towards facilitating them with additional means to base their decisions on, this paper puts forward a philosophical modeling paradigm that investigates the feasibility of extending the hybrid approach of well-being analysis, which encompasses part deterministic and part probabilistic features, to a composite bilateral contracts market structure. In this work, reliability network equivalent techniques are deemed fit to be used in conjunction with power now tracing methodology to pave the way for a realistic Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) phase, potentially culminating in the evaluation of well-being indices. This information can be used by Gencos as a standard to evolve the reserve management criteria as per the customer expectations

A tracing-based realistic state space selection method for composite power system reliability assessment in the restructured scenario

Electric power industry deregulation has brought about the unbundling of generation, transmission and distribution services and as such, new techniques for reliability assessment are being developed to account for the consequent structural changes in the restructured environment through direct analytical techniques or stochastic simulation. To this end, reliability equivalent techniques have been proposed in recent literature and are continuously being improvised upon, especially for the multi-bilateral contracts market structure. Power flow tracing, a potential tool that has so far only been effectively employed in transmission pricing in the open access environment, is deemed to be equally effective in capturing the effect of structural and economic alterations for the purpose of reliability evaluation in the liberalized regime. This paper elaborates on the idea that when used in tandem with reliability equivalent methods, tracing is bound to improve the accuracy of the indices in vogue. The contribution of individual generators and loads to line flows is obtained using a graph theoretic approach, relying on the proportional sharing principle. This information is then proposed to be used in the transmission line Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) phase of the established procedure of reliability network equivalents. Comparisons are drawn to highlight the computational as well as accuracy benefits accrued in doing so.© IEE

An inducible, specific and derepressible transport of L-serine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Both rho+ and rho− cells were capable of accumulating L-serine against a concentration gradient; however, the extent of serine accumulation differed between these two strains. About 60% of the total accumulation of serine was reduced in rho− cells which were shown to lack functional mitochondria. The transport of serine was mediated via a specific and an inducible system. It was also derepressible under nitrogen-starved conditions. The derepression of L-serine uptake was also evident under conditions where general amino-acid permease is not expressed

Peritonitis from Facultative Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Likely due to Translocation of Bacteria from Gut in a Patient Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

The peritonitis caused by gram-negative organisms is a serious complication encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, often causing high morbidity and mortality. There has been recognition of peritonitis caused by uncommon organisms because of improved microbiological detection techniques. The healthcare providers involved in the management of these patients should be very vigilant. We report a rare case of peritonitis caused bycA 42-year-old male on peritoneal dialysis for five years presented with abdominal pain and cloudy effluent. The peritoneal fluid analysis was consistent with peritonitis, and peritoneal fluid culture grew Citrobacter freundii. The patient was treated with two courses of double antibiotic coverage with intraperitoneal ceftazidime and oral ciprofloxacin, which failed to resolve the infection and hence resulted in the removal the peritoneal dialysis catheter and dialysis modality change

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes Based on Decision-Making Capacity.

Background Long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on patients\u27 decision-making ability have not been studied. Our objective was to assess long-term outcomes after PCI in patients who provided individual versus surrogate consent. Methods and Results Data were collected retrospectively for patients who underwent PCI at Cleveland Clinic between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. Inclusion criteria consisted of hospitalized patients aged ≥20 years who had PCI. Patients with outpatient PCI, or major surgery 30 days before or 90 days after PCI, were excluded. Patients who underwent PCI with surrogate consent versus individual consent were matched using the propensity analysis. Kaplan-Meier, log rank