Planeamiento estratégico de la tolerancia e inclusión en el Perú

El presente documento es la propuesta de un Planeamiento Estratégico para la Tolerancia e Inclusión del Perú entre el 2017 y 2025; con la finalidad de mejorar su calidad de vida, desarrollando sus capacidades, sin discriminación y en igualdad de oportunidades. El presente Planeamiento Estratégico está basado en el Estudio del Índice de Progreso Social Regional Perú 2016 publicado y difundido por Centrum; donde resume en cuatro indicadores la realidad de la Tolerancia e Inclusión: (a) indicador de la violencia contra la mujer, (b) indicador de la discriminación de las minorías étnicas, (c) indicador de los inmigrantes, e (d) indicador de la discriminación a personas discapacitadas, los cuales han sido tomados para formular los objetivos a largo plazo. Para el desarrollo de este documento se ha utilizado el modelo secuencial del proceso estratégico, considerando una serie de tareas de forma secuencial e iterativa; el cual permite analizar el entorno externo e interno, identificar fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas, que permiten generar acciones y estrategias en miras de construir un país tolerante, inclusivo, libre de discriminación, con igualdad de oportunidades, y alineado a nuestra visión. Finalmente, como parte de este documento se propone una serie de estrategias alineadas a los objetivos de largo y corto plazo, así como un plan de monitoreo y seguimiento que permitirá evaluar de forma constante y periódica, el cumplimiento de cada uno de los objetivos orientados hacia un país inclusivo, con igualdad de oportunidades para todos los habitantes del paísThis document is the proposal of a Strategic Planning for Tolerance and Inclusion of Peru between 2017 and 2025; in order to improve their quality of life, developing their skills, without discrimination and on equal opportunities. This PEA is based on the Regional Social Progress Index Study published and diffused by Centrum; where it summarizes in four indicators the reality of Tolerance and Inclusion: (a) Indicator of violence against women, (b) Indicator of ethnic minority discrimination, (c) Indicator of the immigrants, and (d) Indicator of discrimination against people with a disability, which have been taken to formulate the long-term objectives. For the development of this document, the sequential model of the strategic process has been used, considering a series of sequentially and iteratively tasks; which allows analyzing the external and internal environment, identifying strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats to generate actions and strategies to make a country tolerant, inclusive, free from discrimination and with equal opportunities, and aligned with our vision. Finally, as part of this document, we propose a series of strategies aligned to the long and short term objectives, as well as a monitoring and follow-up plan that will allow to evaluate, in a constant and periodic way, the fulfillment of each one of the objectives; encouraging an inclusive country with equal opportunities for all the inhabitants of the countryTesi

MicroRNA-29b-1 impairs in vitro cell proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance of human osteosarcoma 3AB-OS cancer stem cells

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, with a peak incidence in the early childhood. Emerging evidence suggests that treatments targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) within a tumor can halt cancer and improve patient survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the maintenance of the CSC phenotype, thus, identification of CSC-related miRNAs would provide information for a better understanding of CSCs. Downregulation of miRNA-29 family members (miR-29a/b/c; miR-29s) was observed in human OS, however, little is known about the functions of miR-29s in human OS CSCs. Previously, during the characterization of 3AB-OS cells, a CSC line selected from human OS MG63 cells, we showed a potent downregulation of miR-29b. In this study, after stable transfection of 3AB-OS cells with miR-29b-1, we investigated the role of miR-29b-1 in regulating cell proliferation, sarcosphere-forming ability, clonogenic growth, chemosensitivity, migration and invasive ability of 3AB-OS cells, in vitro. We found that, miR-29b-1overexpression consistently reduced both, 3AB-OS CSCs growth in two- and three-dimensional culture systems and their sarcosphere- and colony-forming ability. In addition, while miR-29b-1 overexpression sensitized 3AB-OS cells to chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis, it did not influence their migratory and invasive capacities, thus suggesting a context-depending role of miR-29b-1. Using publicly available databases, we proceeded to identify potential miR-29b target genes, known to play a role in the above reported functions. Among these targets we analyzed CD133, N-Myc, CCND2, E2F1 and E2F2, Bcl-2 and IAP-2. We also analyzed the most important stemness markers as Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. Real-time RT-PCR and western-blot analyses showed that miR-29b-1 negatively regulated the expression of these markers. Overall, the results show that miR-29b-1 suppresses stemness properties of 3AB-OS CSCs and suggest that developing miR-29b-1 as a novel therapeutic agent might offer benefits for OS treatment

Clinical and cost outcomes of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated patch versus drainage after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: results from a multicentre randomized clinical trial

Background The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between breast cancer patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection with postoperative management using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch versus axillary drainage. The direct costs associated with both postoperative management strategies were also evaluated. Methods This was a multicentre RCT in women with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04487561). Patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive either drainage or a polyethylene glycol-coated patch as postoperative management. The primary endpoints were the need for an emergency department visit for any event related to the surgery and the rate of seroma development. Results A total of 227 patients were included , 115 in the patch group (50.7 per cent) and 112 (29.4 per cent ) in the drainage group. The incidence of emergency department visits was significantly greater for patients with drainage versus a polyethylene glycol-coated patch (incidence rate difference 26.1 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 14.5 to 37.7 per cent; P < 0.001). Conversely, the seroma rate was significantly higher in the polyethylene glycol-coated patch group (incidence rate difference 22.8 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 6.7 to 38.9 per cent; P < 0.0055). Compared with drainage, using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in cost savings of €100.41 per patient. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio analysis found that drainage was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €7594.4 for no need for hospital admission and €491.7 for no need for an emergency department visit. Conclusion Compared with patients who received drainage after axillary lymph node dissection, the use of a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in a higher rate of seroma, but a lower number of postoperative outpatient or emergency department visits and thus a reduction in overall costsFunding: This study was funded by a grant from the Spanish Association of Surgeons (grant number: not applicable). Acknowledgements: Medical writing and editorial assistant services were provided by Ciencia y Deporte S.L. Support for this assistance was funded by Baxter. Baxter was not involved in the preparation of the manuscript nor did the company influence in any way the scientific conclusions reache