Quantification of signaling networks

Studies in living system in the past several decades have generated qualitative understanding of the molecular interactions resulting in large networks. These networks were essentially deciphered by breaking the components of a cell through a reductionist approach. Biological networks comprising of interactions between genes, proteins and metabolites co-ordinate in the regulation of cellular processes. However, understanding the cellular function also requires quantitative information including network dynamics, which results due to an inherent design principle embedded in the network. Interactions within the network are well organized to form a definite regulatory structure, which in turn exhibits different emergent properties. The property of the network helps the cell to achieve the desired phenotypic state in a controlled manner. The dynamics of the network or the relationship between network structure and cellular behavior cannot be understood intuitively from the interaction map of the network. Computational methods can now be employed to study these networks at system level. The field of systems biology looks at integrating the interaction maps obtained through molecular biological approach. Various studies at the system level have been reported for pathways namely chemotactic response in bacteria, cell cycle and osmotic signaling in yeast, growth factor stimulated signaling pathways in mammals. This review focuses on understanding signaling networks with the help of mathematical models

Analysis of vibration based windmill coupled micromachined energy harvester

The present work exploits the centripetal, Coriolis and Euler forces generated in a rotating windmill. The MEMS device is placed on the blade of a windmill to harvest the energy. Modal analysis is carried out to optimize the dimensions of the structure to match the desired conditions. The real time response of the structure and the voltage generated in the piezoelectric layer are evaluated using transient analysis. It was noticed that Euler and Coriolis forces have a significant contribution in the initial time when the wind turbine accelerates from rest. The later portion is dominated by the Coriolis and Euler forces, and in some instances they cancel out each other. However, there is always a steady contribution from the centripetal force which is proportional to the magnitude of angular velocity of the wind turbine

Border Security using Raspberry Pi

Border Security is one of the major concerns for any country. Issues like political and economic instability in neighboring countries and border distribution demand a good border management and security system. The terrorist attacks that have been taking place over several years have increased the need of an improvised and high level security system. Hence, border infiltration monitoring and prevention is a system built to provide security at the borders. The device is based on the concepts of image capturing, cloud, and wireless data communication. Image processing concepts of noise removal, RGB to gray conversion, background subtraction and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) are used to detect intrusion. Cloud is used to store the images of the intruder and retrieval at a farther place. Wireless data communication is used to send alert messages from the primary base station to the secondary base station. Further reactions are taken by handling manual robot for fire focusing to the enemy object by targeting and shooting and moving the robot towards enemy with robot detecting metals along its path for safety checking of any bomb present along its way

Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Annona cherimola-A Review

Several plant remedies have been employed in various medicinal systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. During past several years, there has been growing interest among the usage of various medicinal plants from traditional system of medicine for the treatment of different ailments. Traditional system of medicine consists of large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological importances and hence represents a priceless tank of new bioactive molecules. Annona cherimola Miller is a multipurpose tree with edible fruits and is one of the sources of the medicinal products. This review attempts to encompass the available literature on Annona cherimola with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities and traditional uses

Synthesis of organized inorganic crystal assemblies

Organized crystalline assemblies of cobalt salt and g-iron oxide have been produced by in situ matrixmediated biomimetic route. The process makes use of an organized supramolecular matrix and produces cobalt chloride crystals with characteristic morphology of coccolith of alga and nacreous structure of Pinctada martensii. Crystals of g-iron oxide have been produced with typical morphology of aragonite spherulites in regenerated shell of Pomaceae paludosa

Variability of exotic ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) accessions for quality parameters

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the important and widely used spices throughout the world in fresh and dried forms. The study on quality characterization and essential oil profiling of 13 ginger genotypes was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, during 2019-2020. The genotypes included eight promising exotic accessions (Acc. 393, Acc. 607, Acc. 736, Acc. 833, Acc. 869, Acc. 872, Acc. 873 and Acc. 874), four popular cultivars (Nadan, Himachal, Maran, Rio-de-Janeiro) and a released variety IISR Varada. Significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for various quality parameters such as oleoresin, essential oil and crude fibre content. Among the exotic genotypes, Acc. 869 recorded the highest essential oil content (2.44%), followed by Acc. 393 (2.42%), Acc. 833 and Acc. 873 (2.10%). The accessions, Acc. 869, Acc. 874, Acc. 873 and Acc. 393 recorded higher oleoresin content of 5.88 per cent, 5.63 per cent, 5.34 per cent and 5.28 per cent, respectively. Considering essential oil and oleoresin contents, the exotic accessions, Acc. 873, Acc. 393 and Acc. 869 were identified as promising genotypes. Among the other genotypes, Rio-de-Janeiro recorded the highest essential oil (2.76%) and oleoresin content (6.69%). The exotic genotypes, viz., Acc. 607, Acc. 736 and Acc. 393 recorded crude fibre content of less than 5 per cent whereas, Acc. 869 recorded the maximum of 7.85 per cent. Fifty compounds were identified through essential oil profiling, and the major classes were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons. The major compound identified was α-zingiberene and was highest in Acc. 393 (30.49%), followed by Maran (30.32%)

Thermal Conductivity in the Boundary Layer of Non-Newtonian Fluid with Particle Suspension

The present chapter is focused on studies concerned with three-dimensional flow and heat transfer analysis of Carreau fluid with nanoparticle suspension. The heat transfer analysis in the boundary was carried out with the fluid flow over a stretching surface under the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation, mixed convection and convective boundary condition. Suitable similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The equations in non-linear form are then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth fifth-order method with the help of symbolic algebraic software MAPLE. The results so extracted are well tabulated and adequate discussions on the parameters affecting flow and heat transfer analysis were carried out with the help of plotted graphs

Ionospheric response to the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming over the equatorial, low, and middle latitudes in the South American sector

The present study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and F-layer response in the Southern Hemisphere equatorial, low, and middle latitudes due to major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event, which took place during January-February 2009 in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, using 17 ground-based dual frequency GPS stations and two ionosonde stations spanning latitudes from 2.8°N to 53.8°S, longitudes from 36.7°W to 67.8°W over the South American sector, it is observed that the ionosphere was significantly disturbed by the SSW event from the equator to the midlatitudes. During day of year 26 and 27 at 14:00 UT, the TEC was two times larger than that observed during average quiet days. The vertical TEC at all 17 GPS and two ionosonde stations shows significant deviations lasting for several days after the SSW temperature peak. Using one GPS station located at Rio Grande (53.8°S, 67.8°W, midlatitude South America sector), it is reported for the first time that the midlatitude in the Southern Hemisphere was disturbed by the SSW event in the Northern Hemisphere.Fil: Fagundes, P. R.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Goncharenko, L. P.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: De Abreu, A. J.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Venkatesh, K.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Pezzopane, M.. Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia; ItaliaFil: De Jesus, R.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Gende, Mauricio Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coster, A. J.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Pillat, V. G.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; Brasi