Undesired-Resonance Analysis and Modeling of Differential Signals Due to Narrow Ground Lines Without Stitching Vias

Undesired Resonances on High-Speed Differential Signals Are Studied in This Paper, which is Caused by the Adjacent Narrow Ground Line Without Stitching Vias. Due to Space Limitations in the High-Speed Channel Layouts of Certain Package Applications, the Ground (GND) Line is Often Narrow and Has Insufficient Stitching Vias, Potentially Causing Undesired Resonance in High-Speed Differential Signals. in This Study, These Undesired Resonances Were Investigated using 3D Simulations, revealing that They Can Be Modeled as Parallel-Coupled Half-Wavelength Resonance. the Resonance Frequency of the Parallel-Coupled Half-Wavelength Resonance Structure Can Be Predicted Well using the Formula based on the GND Line Length. Moreover, Three Potential Solutions to Undesired Resonance Are Proposed, Providing a Practical Guide for GND Line Routing in Specific Applications

Lymphatic endothelial cell sphingosine kinase activity is required for lymphocyte egress and lymphatic patterning

Lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes (LNs) is dependent on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), but the cellular source of this S1P is not defined. We generated mice that expressed Cre from the lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (Lyve-1) locus and that showed efficient recombination of loxP-flanked genes in lymphatic endothelium. We report that mice with Lyve-1 CRE-mediated ablation of sphingosine kinase (Sphk) 1 and lacking Sphk2 have a loss of S1P in lymph while maintaining normal plasma S1P. In Lyve-1 Cre+ Sphk-deficient mice, lymphocyte egress from LNs and Peyer's patches is blocked. Treatment with pertussis toxin to overcome Gαi-mediated retention signals restores lymphocyte egress. Furthermore, in the absence of lymphatic Sphks, the initial lymphatic vessels in nonlymphoid tissues show an irregular morphology and a less organized vascular endothelial cadherin distribution at cell–cell junctions. Our data provide evidence that lymphatic endothelial cells are an in vivo source of S1P required for lymphocyte egress from LNs and Peyer's patches, and suggest a role for S1P in lymphatic vessel maturation

Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 enables efficient thymic egress

Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 in endothelial and epithelial cells promotes efficient T cell emigration from the thymus to the periphery

ZONE-WISE SURROGATE MODELLING FOR THE APPROXIMATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS SYSTEMS

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (CDE-ENG

Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease is a common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in Asian countries.1 When left untreated, the overall five-year survival rate in HBV-related cirrhosis is 71%, which in cases of decompensated cirrhosis decreases to 14%.2 In the 1980s, hepatitis B-related acute liver failure and chronic liver disease (CLD) were considered contraindications for LT because of almost universal graft reinfection and high rates of graft and recipient failure (>50%).3-4 These patients had severe and rapidly progressive liver disease with a two-year graft and patient survival of 50% compared to 80% in those transplanted for non-HBV-related CLD.5 As a result, there were fewer LT for HBV liver disease for several years.6 However, with the introduction of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues and the use of intra and post- operative hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), there was renewed interest in the application of LT in these patients. There was a significant decrease in post-operative HBV recurrence rates.7-9 The current overall survival of patients transplanted for HBV-related cirrhosis has improved to 85% at one year, and 75% at five years.7,10-12 The present review highlights issues pertaining to HBV reinfection and de novo infection in LT recipients with recommendations for its management

Spectrum of Colonic Polyps in a South Indian Urban Cohort

Background: The histological nature of polyps by site prevalence and size is unclear. Aim: To determine the prevalence of polyps in patients undergoing routine lower gastrointestinal (LGI) endoscopy and identify the histological types and their characteristics by age, location and size. Materials and Methods: For this retrospective study, patients undergoing ileocolonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy between 2014 and 2016 were included. Data on age, gender, test indication, site and size of polyps and histology type were collected. Results: Two hundred and ninety (12.7%) of 2303 patients who underwent LGI endoscopy had colonic polyps (n= 317; single in 272 patients). The median age was 61.1 years (range 5-99 years) and 223 (76.4%) were men. Polyps were rare 60 years age. High grade dysplasia and carcinoma were rare (10.3%). While two-thirds of polyps <1cm size were inflammatory or hyperplastic, 86% of large polyps were adenomatous