Os museus históricos e pedagógicos do estado de São Paulo

This paper analyzes the creation of the Historical and Pedagogical Museums network in the State of São Paulo between 1956 and 1973, mainly taking into consideration the concept for creation, the program, and the role of the museum in society. This work covers a period until the end of the 1990's, when the curators of the museums, which belonged to the State until that time, was transferred to the municipalities by means of a "municipalization" process coordinated by the Department of Museums and Archives of the State Department of Cultural Affairs (DEMA-SEC). It also shows that the implementation of this museums network - among other initiatives in the fields of education and of culture - addressed earlier needs of asserting an identity, emphasizing through projects of this type the hegemonic character of the State. This allowed to align the initiative of creating the museums with others actions carried out by the State before, and also enabled that this topic was take out from its long isolation from the study of State history. It also considers the web of relationships existing among the various sectors with which museums were connected, such as education, culture, and the São Paulo Historical and Geographical Institute, the Government, and Society. The implementation of Historical and Pedagogical Museums by means of State action, through its Departments of Education (from 1956 to 1968) and Cultural Affairs (from 1968 to 1998) was one of the ways through which the Government orientated its activities during those years in the fields of history, education and culture. The central thesis is that the implementation of these museums has fully addressed the aspirations of society at the time, while, at the same time, underscoring the logic behind the ideation that has oriented the characteristic mode of operation of museums during the years in which their curatorship was exercised by the Government, and proposes to consider them as a paradigm for "historical museums of the State of São Paulo".Este estudo analisa a criação da rede de museus históricos e pedagógicos do estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 1956 e 1973, sobretudo quanto ao conceito de criação, de programa e de função de museu na sociedade. Tal análise estende-se ao final da década de 1990, quando a tutela dos museus, até então estadual, é transferida às cidades por meio do processo de municipalização, coordenado pelo Departamento de Museus e Arquivos, da Secretaria de Estado da Cultura (Dema-SEC). Em meio a outras iniciativas nos campos da educação e da cultura, aborda a correspondência existente entre a implantação da rede desses museus e antigas necessidades de afirmação identitária, ao evidenciar, por meio de projetos desta natureza, o caráter hegemônico do Estado e sua atuação em campos como o da história, o da educação e o da cultura. Isso permitiu alinhar a iniciativa de criação dos museus a outras anteriormente promovidas pelo estado de São Paulo e possibilitar que o tema escapasse de um prolongado isolamento no estudo da história paulista. Trata, também, da trama de relações existentes entre diversos setores ligados aos museus - educação, cultura, Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo (IHGSP), poder público e sociedade. A hipótese central é de que a implantação desses museus correspondeu plenamente às aspirações da sociedade de uma época, ao mesmo tempo em que evidencia a lógica da ideação que determinou o modo característico de atuação dos museus nos anos em que estiveram sob a tutela do governo estadual, propondo, assim, entendê-los como paradigma de "museu histórico do estado de São Paulo"

Matrix formulation of the dynamic analysis of sdof systems in the frequency domain.

In this note a matrix formulation of the frequency domain dynamic analysis of SDOF systems is presented. The number of terms in the Discrete Fourier Transforms can be arbitrarily selected and the transforms are implicitly calculated in the procedure which leads to the response in the time domain

Frequency domain dynamic analysis of MDOF systems : nodal and modal coordinates formulations.

General formulations for the frequency domain dynamic analysis of MDOF systems are presented in nodal and modal coordinates. The definition of damping is very broad and includes non-proportional and hysteretic damping

Frequency and time domain dynamic structural analysis : convergence and causality.

Matrix formulations for the dynamic analysis of SDOF systems in frequency and time domain are presented in this paper. The strict correspondence between both types of analysis are discussed. A study of the convergence of the response obtained through the frequency domain is performed. This study indicates the presence of an imaginary term in the response when the number of sampling terms in the Fourier transforms is even. A proof of the important causality property of the response is developed and an eventual source of non-causality is indicated

Time segmented frequency domain analysis for non linear multi degree of freedom structural systems.

This paper presents a new frequency-domain method to analyze physically non-linear structural systems having non-proportional damping. Single- and multi-degree-of-freedom (d.o.f.) systems subjected to time-dependent excitations are considered. A procedure to consider initial conditions, required by the methodology described, is discussed. The algorithm described here employs a time-segmented procedure in modal co-ordinates in the frequency domain; solution in each time-segment being obtained by an iterative process. The proposed methodology is validated by three examples. The procedure presented here can be employed as well to analyze structural systems with viscous and hysteretic damping or else with frequency-dependent damping properties

Avaliação da atenção ao diabetes mellitus em Unidades de Saúde da Família de Petrolina, Pernambuco, 2011

OBJETIVO: avaliar a qualidade da atenção aos portadores de diabetes mellitus nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de Petrolina, Pernambuco, em 2011. MÉTODOS: avaliação normativa, tendo como padrão as normas do Ministério da Saúde. Para avaliação de estrutura e processo, realizou-se observação de 40 unidades de saúde e entrevistas com profissionais; para avaliação de resultado, utilizaram-se dados dos Sistemas de Informação sobre Mortalidade e Hospitalização. RESULTADOS: em todas as 40 unidades havia consultórios individuais e fitas reagentes, em 32 havia glicosímetros e em 9, profissionais de nível superior treinados. Foi evidenciada falta de endocrinologistas na atenção secundária. Todas as equipes realizavam atividades educativas e 22 realizavam o exame dos pés. Entre os triênios pré (2004-2006) e pós-implantação (2007-2009) do programa de controle da diabetes não houve diferença significativa na ocorrência de hospitalizações e óbitos por complicações da diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSÃO: a atenção ao diabético foi classificada como de qualidade regular

Deregulated expression of superoxide dismutase-2 correlates with different stages of cervical neoplasia

We are grateful to Carlos Ferreira do Nascimento and Severino Ferreira from the Hospital A.C. Camargo for technical assistance. We would like to thank Dr. Enrique Boccardo, Dr. Ismar Haga and Dr. Ana Paula Lepique for critical review of the manuscript and Dr. Erico Tosoni Costa for assistance in figure preparation.Objective: Superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) is considered one of the most important antioxidant enzymes that regulate cellular redox state in normal and tumorigenic cells. Overexpression of this enzyme may be involved in carcinogenesis, particularly in lung, gastric, colorectal and breast cancer. Methods: In the present study, we have evaluated SOD2 protein levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 331 cervical histological samples including 31 low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL), 51 high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL), 197 squamous cervical carcinomas (SCC) and 52 cervical adenocarcinomas (ADENO). Results: We observed that SOD2 staining increases with cervical disease severity. Intense SOD2 staining was found in 13% of LSIL, 25.5% of HSIL and 40% of SCC. Moreover, 65.4% of ADENO exhibited intense SOD2 staining. Conclusions: Differences in the expression of SOD2 could potentially be used as a biomarker for the characterization of different stages of cervical disease.Dr. Lara Termini was a Post-Doctoral fellow from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (grant 05/57274-9)