Phenolic Compounds and Peroxidases in Sunflower Near-Isogenic Lines After Downy Mildew Infection

Two near-isogenic lines of sunflower, resistant (+Pl6 gene) and susceptible (-P16 gene) to downy mildew were used in this paper. Secondary infection with a suspension of Plasmopara halstedii spores was done on the plants in the phase of first pair of leaves. In the samples taken 12 h after infection, content of phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts from frozen leaves was analysed by HPLC. POD activity was determined spectrophotmetrically and POD isoforms by isoelectrophoresis. Constitutive level of phenolic compounds and their accumulation after infection were higher in the susceptible than in the resistant line. Increased POD amount in leaf, constitutively present in NS-H-26R, was in correlation with increased guaiacol-dependent POD activity and low total phenolics contents. After infection, guaiacol- and chlorogenic acid-dependent POD activity significantly increased in both lines. Scopoletin-dependent POD activity was induced upon infection only in NS-H-26R. IEF electrophoresis revealed existance of four anionic isoforms of peroxidase in leaves of both lines. The main isoform with pI 5 was particularly intesified in the resistant line. In conclusion, scopoletin-dependent POD activity that was induced upon infection only in resistant NIL indicates a specific role of POD in coumarin metabolism that is possibly connected with the presence of Pl6 gene

Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Study of Synthesized Xanthen-3-on Derivatives

Twelve previously synthesized biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-aryl-3H-xanthen-3-one derivatives (1-12) were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against four bacteria, S. aureus, B. subtilis P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and two fungi strains, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. The most potent compound were derivatives 1 which possess hydroxyl group and bromine as substituent and 11 with bromine as substituent on phenyl ring. The results indicate that bromine increase antimicrobial activity of 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-aryl-3-Hxanthen-3-one derivatives. Compound 7 with ethoxy substituent on phenyl ring showed the least activity against tested bacteria and fungi strains, which is in line with an earlier observation that ethoxy substitution decreases antimicrobial activity. The most and the least potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations to preliminary find out the potential molecular target and at the same moment further support the experimental antimicrobial test of xanthen derivatives

Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Study of Synthesized Xanthen-3-on Derivatives

Twelve previously synthesized biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-aryl-3H-xanthen-3-one derivatives (1-12) were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against four bacteria, S. aureus, B. subtilis P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and two fungi strains, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. The most potent compound were derivatives 1 which possess hydroxyl group and bromine as substituent and 11 with bromine as substituent on phenyl ring. The results indicate that bromine increase antimicrobial activity of 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-aryl-3-Hxanthen-3-one derivatives. Compound 7 with ethoxy substituent on phenyl ring showed the least activity against tested bacteria and fungi strains, which is in line with an earlier observation that ethoxy substitution decreases antimicrobial activity. The most and the least potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations to preliminary find out the potential molecular target and at the same moment further support the experimental antimicrobial test of xanthen derivatives

WHEAT STRAW CONVERSION BY ENZYMATIC SYSTEM OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM

The purpose of this study was to resolve the question of whether various nitrogen sources and concentrations affect characteristics of selected G. lucidum ligninolytic enzymes participating in wheat straw fermentation. This is the first study reporting the presence of versatile peroxidase activity in crude extract of G. lucidum culture, as well as isoforms profile of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases. NH4NO3 was the optimum nitrogen source for laccase and Mn-dependent peroxidase activity, while peptone was the optimum one for versatile peroxidase activity. Four bands with laccase activity were obtained by native PAGE and IEF separations from medium enriched with inorganic nitrogen source, and only two bands from medium containing organic source. Medium composition was not shown to affect isoenzyme patterns of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases. Four isoforms of Mn-dependent peroxidase and three of versatile peroxidase were obtained on native PAGE. By IEF separation, five isoforms of Mn-dependent peroxidase and only two of versatile peroxidase were observed. The results demonstrated that G. lucidum has potential for mineralization and transformation of various agricultural residues and should take more significant participation in large-scale biotechnological processes

Supplementary data for the article: Smailagić, A.; Stanković, D. M.; Vranješ Đurić, S.; Veljović, S.; Dabić Zagorac, D.; Manojlović, D.; Natić, M. Influence of Extraction Time, Solvent and Wood Specie on Experimentally Aged Spirits – A Simple Tool to Differentiate Wood Species Used in Cooperage. Food Chemistry 2021, 346, 128896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128896.

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128896]Related to published version: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4455

Swelling behavior of synthesized poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) hydrogels

Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) has great application in cosmetics, primarily in personal care products. It is used in drug delivery, and in a variety of biomedical applications. Also, significant is the application as an adsorbent of various pesticides. The aim of this paper is to examine structural characterization and the swelling behavior of synthesized poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer hydrogels with 10 mol% of vinyl acetate and with 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 mol% of cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). The characterization of the synthesized hydrogels was performed using FTIR spectroscopy. The swelling study was monitored gravimetrically until equilibrium was reached in solutions of different pH values (3.0, 6.0, 9.0) at a temperature of 25°C. The sensitivity of poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) hydrogels to changes in external temperature was examined by monitoring the change in the equilibrium degree of swelling with increasing fluid temperature from 25ºC to 80ºC in a pH solution of 6.0. FTIR spectra of xerogels confirm the performed synthesis. Swelling of hydrogels poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) was favored at a lower temperature (25°C), in a solution whose pH=6.0, when the sample with 1.0 mol% EGDM reaches the highest degree of swelling (αe=87.23) compared to the achieved capacity at a temperature of 80ºC (αe=20.74). The most intense phase transition was observed in the temperature range of 40-45°C. Based on the obtained results, the synthesized copolymers can be classified into negative thermosensitive hydrogels that have a lower critical dissolution temperature (LCST). pH sensitivity analysis led to the conclusion that the highest value of the equilibrium degree of swelling (αe=168.97) was observed in the hydrogel sample with 1.5 mol% EGDM in the solution whose pH=9 at 25°C. An increase in the molar content of cross-linkers in the hydrogels composition shows a decrease in swelling capacity at all pH values and temperaturesVIII International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2020 : book of abstracts; Virtual Conferenc

Overview of carotenoids distribution among wild plant species of the Balkan Peninsula

The Balkan Peninsula is characterized by a great diversity of flora and vegetation. Moreover, it is native to a large number of wild plant species containing carotenoids, biologically active compounds, beneficial for human health. Carotenoid pigments exhibit a great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, in addition to beneficial impact on eye health, heart, blood vessels, cognitive function and antiaging. Nevertheless, their role has been scientifically proven in prevention and treatment of cancer. The aim of the research was to form a database on carotenoid plants of Serbia and the Balkans that is set up electronically for easy access, management and updating. The research included the analysis and organization of information on collected plants, as well as literature data related to the traditional use and storage of plants and plant parts and products rich in carotenoids in fresh, dried or canned state. Sixty wild plants from more than ten plant families were registered to contain these antioxidant pigments. Among them three endemic species namely Lilium bosniacum (Beck) Fritsch (lily native to Bosnia and Herzegovina), Ramonda nathaliae Pančić & Petrović and R. serbica Pančić were inscribed, of which the last two are Tertiary relicts. The type and level of carotenoids varied depending on the plant species and organs including leaves, petals, immature and ripe fruits, pulp, seeds, etc. According to database, fruits were the richest source of these pigments. Reported carotenoid content, included both xanthophylls and carotenes, whereas lutein and β-carotene were predominantly major compounds in berries and flowers respectively. Total carotenoid content, determined by HPLC method, was the highest in fresh berries of Rubus fruticosus L. (440 μg/100g

Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide in patients with various stages of chronic renal failure [Glikemija, insulinemija i ce-peptidemija kod bolesnika s razlicitim stepenom bubrezne insuficijencije.]

Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were measured in patients with various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study we observed 50 patients: 26 women and 24 men, between the ages of 17 and 73. Following various stages of CRF our patients were devided into IV groups, with 10 patients in each. V-th group was control group with 10 healthy persons. Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were measured in the fasting state and following the 2 hours oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the fasting state, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were normal in all groups. With deterioration of the renal function plasma glucose and serum insulin increased slower during OGTT but their levels also decreased slower. Fasting levels of C-peptide increased continually with deterioration of renal function in all patients and values were significantly higher than in control group

Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide in patients with various stages of chronic renal failure [Glikemija, insulinemija i ce-peptidemija kod bolesnika s razlicitim stepenom bubrezne insuficijencije.]

Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were measured in patients with various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study we observed 50 patients: 26 women and 24 men, between the ages of 17 and 73. Following various stages of CRF our patients were devided into IV groups, with 10 patients in each. V-th group was control group with 10 healthy persons. Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were measured in the fasting state and following the 2 hours oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the fasting state, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were normal in all groups. With deterioration of the renal function plasma glucose and serum insulin increased slower during OGTT but their levels also decreased slower. Fasting levels of C-peptide increased continually with deterioration of renal function in all patients and values were significantly higher than in control group

Integrity assessment of boom tie rod on bucket wheel excavator SRS 1300 x 24/2.5

In-service tests on bucket wheel excavator machines and structures enable assessment of structural state and quality, evaluate spatial operating effects of particular elements on carrying capacity, and determine effects of common operations of driving units and structures. Integrity assessment largely depends on possibilities in detecting and determining the type, location and size of defects. Non-destructive tests are performed in general and are frequently characterized in detecting small defects with a required level of reliability, creating difficulties in practice, since evaluation considerably depends on objective capabilities, and also on subjective errors of the operator. Since total fatigue life of machine parts and structures at variable loads consists of the time required for crack initiation and crack growth until final fracture, the life assessment up to crack initiation may utilize the concept of working strength, provided that load spectra are known, while crack growth time assessment until final fracture may take advantage of fracture mechanics parameters. The bucket wheel excavator boom tie rod integrity assessment is carried out by applying fracture mechanics parameters, where defects in tie-rod welded joints, discovered by ultrasonic and radiographic tests (nondestructive), are determined to be of sizes larger than the allowed for the designed quality class.Navedeni su: Editor