Increased expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 in the forebrain of infant rats with corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced seizures but not in those with hyperthermia-induced seizures.

High affinity, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plasma membrane transporters (GATs) influence the availability of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Recent studies suggest a crucial role for GATs in maintaining levels of synaptic GABA in normal as well as abnormal (i.e., epileptic) adult brain. However, the role of GATs during development and specifically changes in their expression in response to developmental seizures are unknown. The present study examined GAT-1-immunolabeling in infant rats with two types of developmental seizures, one induced by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) lasting about 2 h and the other by hyperthermia (a model of febrile seizures) lasting only 20 min. The number of GAT-1-immunoreactive (ir) neurons was increased in several forebrain regions 24 h after induction of seizures by CRH as compared to the control group. Increased numbers of detectable GAT-1-ir cell bodies were found in the hippocampal formation including the dentate gyrus and CA1, and in the neocortex, piriform cortex and amygdala. In contrast, hyperthermia-induced seizures did not cause significant changes in the number of detectable GAT-1-ir somata. The increase in GAT-1-ir somata in the CRH model and not in the hyperthermia model may reflect the difference in the duration of seizures. The brain regions where this increase occurs correlate with the occurrence of argyrophyllic neurons in the CRH model

Diseño de una aplicación académica para el estudio de redes de sensores inalámbricos subacuáticos en Matlab

Diseñar una aplicación académica como herramienta de simulación, utilizando la plataforma de programación MATLAB con el propósito de enriquecer la comprensión y el estudio de Redes de Sensores Inalámbricos Subacuáticos (UWSN) en la materia de Comunicaciones Inalámbricas.Una UWSN (Redes de Sensores Inalámbricos Subacuáticos), es un con- junto de sensores desplegados en un área del entorno subacuático capaces de recoger cierto tipo de información a su alrededor y transferirla hacia un des- tino a través de uno o varios saltos entre nodos. El aumento de popularidad en distintos sectores de las redes subacuáticas hace que nazca la necesidad de una alternativa para el estudio de este tipo de redes sin disponer de los sensores. El principal propósito del presente trabajo es diseñar una aplicación académica que sirva como herramienta de simulación de redes subacuáticas utilizando el lenguaje y entorno de programación MATLAB. Para llevar a cabo esta meta, se pone en práctica la metodología del Ciclo de Vida Clásico del Software, que consta de 4 etapas: Análisis, Diseño, Implementación y Pruebas. En la etapa de análisis se elabora el levantamiento de requerimientos basado en el estándar IEEE 830 y sus recomendaciones. Se utilizan dos técnicas de recopilación de requerimientos: encuesta hacia los potenciales usuarios del software que son los estudiantes de la materia de Comunicaciones Inalámbricas de la Carrera de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones y entrevista al docente de la misma materia, hay que destacar que las funcionalidades propuestas en los formularios de encuesta y entrevista fueron previamente discutidos y tomados en consideración por los implicados en el proyecto.Ingenierí

Sistema de control interno para las áreas administrativa y contable en la empresa distrilujos ibarra, de la ciudad de ibarra, provincia de Imbabura

Fortalecer la gestión en Distrilujos IbarraLa investigación realizada en la empresa Distrilujos Ibarra, con la implementación del Sistema de Control Interno para las áreas administrativa y contable, de la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, se realizó el diagnóstico situacional con la utilización del checklist, aplicado a la gerenta; y un focus group realizado con el personal de la empresa, obteniendo como resultados lo planteado en la matriz F.O.D.A.; posteriormente se realizó el marco teórico, consta el sustento teórico de fuentes bibliográficas actuales, enfocadas en términos referentes a la empresa, gestión administrativa, contable y control interno; consecutivamente se desarrolló la propuesta la misma que se enfocó, mediante la matriz de control interno, en área administrativa y contable, con sus respectivas sub áreas, el mismo que está elaborado de una forma sencilla y entendible, se orientó tomando en cuenta las necesidades de la organización, por último el análisis de impacto analizado en las siguientes áreas económico social empresarial y educativo, con cada uno de sus respectivos indicadores; finalmente se segregan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la investigación

Merging α-Lithiation and Aldol-Tishchenko Reaction to Construct Polyols from Benzyl Ethers

α-Lithiobenzyl ethers, generated by selective α-lithiation, undergo an aldol-Tishchenko reaction upon treatment with carboxylic esters and paraformaldehyde. The reaction of the organolithium with the carboxylate generates an intermediate enolate that, after formaldehyde addition, affords 1,2,3-triol derivatives in a straightforward and one-pot manner. These products are obtained as single diastereoisomers bearing a quaternary stereocenter. The complete diastereocontrol of the aldol-Tishchenko process is attributed to stereoelectronic preferences in the transition state.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER (CTQ2016-75023-C2-1-P) and Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER (BU291P18

General synthesis of alkenyl sulfides by palladium-catalyzed thioetherification of alkenyl halides and tosylates

The cross-coupling reaction of alkenyl bromides with thiols catalyzed by palladium complexes derived from inexpensive dppf ligand is reported. These reactions occur under low catalyst loading and in high yields and display wide scope, including the coupling of bulky thiols and trisubstituted bromoolefins, and functional group tolerance. In addition, the thioetherification of less reactive chloroalkenes and, for the first time, alkenyl tosylates was accomplished using a catalyst generated from CyPFtBu alkylbisphosphine ligand.Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER (BU076U16) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER (CTQ2016-75023-C2-1-P

NIS/HFIP‐Mediated Synthesis of Indene‐Based β‐Iodoalkenyl Sulfides from Propargylic Sulfides

A tandem 1,3-sulfur migration followed by iodocyclization reaction of propargylic sulfides in the presence of NIS in HFIP has been developed to synthesize indene-based β-iodoalkenyl sulfides. The choice of the reaction media is crucial to promote the reaction. The proposed mechanism involving the initial NIS activation by HFIP and favoring the sulfur migration of the starting propargylic thioether via cationic intermediates is experimentally supported. In addition, the suitability of selected indene-based β-iodoalkenyl sulfides as building blocks for subsequent C C bond-forming reactions has been demonstrated.We gratefully acknowledge MICINN (PID2020-115789GBC21); and “NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (PDC2021-120825- C21), and Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER (BU049P20) for financial support. The project leading to these results has also received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation, under the Agreement LCF/PR/PR18/51130007> (CAIXA-UBU001). N.V. and S.S.-P. thank Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación) and Fondo Social Europeo for predoctoral (N.V) and postdoctoral (S.S.-P.) contracts, respectively

Caracterización de las pymes del sector manufacturero de productos plásticos en la localidad 10 de Engativá

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From Propargylic Alcohols to Substituted Thiochromenes: gem- Disubstituent Effect in Intramolecular Alkyne Iodo/hydroarylation

This work describes the 6-endo-dig cyclization of Saryl propargyl sulfides to afford 2H-thiochromenes. The substitution at the propargylic position plays a crucial role in allowing intramolecular silver-catalyzed alkyne hydroarylation and Niodosuccinimide-promoted iodoarylation. Additionally, a PTSAcatalyzed thiolation reaction of propargylic alcohols was developed to synthesize the required tertiary S-aryl propargyl ethers. The applicability of merging these two methods is demonstrated by synthesizing the retinoic acid receptor antagonist AGN194310.Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER (BU291P18 and BU049P20) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER (CTQ2016-75023-C2-1-P) for financial support. The project leading to these results has received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation, under Agreement LCF/PR/PR18/51130007> (CAIXA-UBU001). N.V., F.M.-L., and S.S.-P. thank Junta de Castilla y León and FSE and FEDER for predoctoral (N.V. and F.M.-L.) and postdoctoral (S.S.-P.) contracts, respectively

A system of three transiting super-Earths in a cool dwarf star

We present the detection of three super-Earths transiting the cool star LP415-17, monitored by K2 mission in its 13th campaign. High resolution spectra obtained with HARPS-N/TNG showed that the star is a mid-late K dwarf. Using spectral synthesis models we infer its effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity and subse- quently determined from evolutionary models a stellar radius of 0.58 R Sun. The planets have radii of 1.8, 2.6 and 1.9 R Earth and orbital periods of 6.34, 13.85 and 40.72 days. High resolution images discard any significant contamination by an intervening star in the line of sight. The orbit of the furthest planet has radius of 0.18 AU, close to the inner edge of the habitable zone. The system is suitable to improve our understanding of formation and dynamical evolution of super-Earth systems in the rocky - gaseous threshold, their atmospheres, internal structure, composition and interactions with host stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter

ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline update on the use of immunotherapy in early stage and advanced renal cell carcinoma

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