Emotional Assistance in Thalassaemia: Pilot Implementation of a Standard Protocol

This study aims to describe the creation process of standard procedures to make possible multicentre studies related to emotional aspects of thalassaemic patients, their families and caregivers; and the pilot phase of the routine implementation. The objectives defined to perform this goal are: (i) develop routines to assess and manage/treat emotional issues; (ii) adjust the ABRASTA - Brazilian Association of Thalassaemia computer system to the input of collected data and its compilation; (iii) conduct a pilot implementation of the routines; (iv) discuss the whole process and propose next steps. Forty patients were assisted following the above mentioned routines of psychological evaluation, follow-up assistance and management of specific emotional issues. Conclusions are that the routines are adequate to enable multicenter research to compare findings and develop specific interventions to Thalassaemia patients, their families and caregivers; information gathered through them is an important means of supporting medical doctors and other members of the professional team, both in the therapeutic planning and in the communication process with patients and families; finally, considering the nature of the information, psychologists and psychiatrists are the most indicated professionals to perform the assessment and the interventions related to emotional issues, due to their professional background, training and specific skills that allow a free and candid communication with the patients and their families

Removal Of Nickel(ii) Ions From Aqueous Solution By Biosorption In A Fixed Bed Column: Experimental And Theoretical Breakthrough Curves

The nickel(II) ions biosorption process by marine algae Sargassum filipendula in a fixed bed column was investigated for the following experimental conditions: temperature = 30 °C and pH 3.0. The experimental breakthrough curves were obtained for the following chosen flow rates 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, and 0.008 L/min. A mathematical model was developed to describe the nickel ion sorption in a fixed bed column. The model of three partial differential equations (PDE) has considered the hydrodynamics throughout the fixed bed column as well as the sorption process in the liquid and solid phases. The internal and external mass transfer limitations were considered, as well. The nickel ion sorption kinetics has been studied utilizing the Langmuir isotherm. The PDE of the system were discretized in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and were solved for the given initial and boundary conditions using the finite volume method. A new correlation for external mass transfer coefficient was developed. Some of the model parameters were experimentally determined (ε, dp) where the others such as (KF, KS) were evaluated on the base of experimental data parameters. The identification procedure was based on the least square statistical method. The robustness and flexibility of the developed model was checked out using four sets of experimental data and the predictive power of the model was evaluated to be good enough for the all studied cases. The developed model can be useful tool for nickel ion removal process optimization and design of fixed bed columns using biomass of S. filipendula as a sorbent. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.302184191Akhtar, N., Iqbal, J., Iqbal, M., Removal and recovery of nickel (II) from aqueous solution by loofa sponge-immobilized biomass of Chlorela sorokiniana: characterization studies (2004) J. Hazard. 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Technol., 30, pp. 2921-2927Veit, M.T., Tavares, C.R.G., Silva, E.A., Influence of pH and pre-treated biomass Sargassum filipendula in organic leaching (2004) Anais do II Congresso Brasileiro de Termodinâmica Aplicada, , (In portuguese)Silva, E.A., Cossich, E.S., Tavares, C.R.G., Cardozo, L., Guirardello, R., Modeling of copper (II) biosorption by marine alga Sargassum sp. in fixed bed column (2002) Process Biochem., 38, pp. 791-799Kratochvil, D., Volesky, B., Advanceds in biosorption of heavy metals (1998) Trends Biotechnol., 16, pp. 291-300Silva, E.A., Tavares, C.R.G., Barros, M.A.S.D., Arroyo, P.A., Schneider, R.M., Suszek, M., Modeling and experimental Cr+3 uptake using NaX zeolite (2003) Chem. Eng. Trans., 3, pp. 303-308. , Sixth Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering 2003. Pisa, ItalyMcKay, G., Bino, M.J., Fixed bed adsorption for the removal of pollutants from water (1990) Environ. Pollut., 66, pp. 33-53Ko, D.C.K., Poter, J.F., Mackay, G., Optimised correlations for the fixed bed adsorption of metal ions on bone char (2000) Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, pp. 5819-5829Robinson, S.M., Arnold, W.D., Byers, C.H., Mass-transfer mechanisms for zeolite ion exchange in wastewater treatment (1994) Environ. Energy Eng., 40, pp. 2045-2053Bohart, G.S., Adams, E.Q., Some aspects of the behavior of charcoal with respect to chlorine (1920) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 42, pp. 523-544Thomas, H.C., Heterogeneous ion exchange in a flowing system (1944) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 66, pp. 1664-1666Otero, M., Zabkova, M., Rodrigues, A.E., Comparative study of adsorption of phenol and salicylic acid from aqueous solution onto nonionic polymeric resins (2005) Sep. Purif. Technol., 45, pp. 86-95Barros, M.A.S.D., Silva, E.A., Arroyo, P.A., Tavares, C.R.G., Schneider, R.M., Suszek, M., Sousa-Aguiar, E.F., Removal of Cr(III) in the fixed bed column and batch reactors using as adsorbent zeolite NaX (2004) Chem. Eng. Sci., 59, pp. 5959-5966Brosillon, S., Manero, M.H., Foussard, J.N., Mass transfer in VOC adsorption on zeolite: experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, pp. 3571-3575Trujillo, E.M., Jeffers, T.H., Ferguson, C., Stevenson, H.Q., Mathematically modeling the removal of heavy metals from a wastewater using immobilized biomass (1991) Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, pp. 1559-1565Stuart, F.X., Camp, D.T., Comparison of kinetic and diffusional models for packed bed adsorption (1967) I. C. Fundam., 6, pp. 156-158Hsieh, J.S.C., Turian, R.M., Tien, C., Multicomponent liquid phase adsorption in fixed bed (1977) AIChE J., 23, pp. 263-275Ernest Jr., M.V., Whitley, R.D., Ma, Z., Wang, N.H.L., Effects of mass action equilibria on fixed bed multicomponent ion exchange dynamics (1997) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, pp. 212-226Matheickal, J.T., Yu, Q., Biosorption of lead(II) and copper(II) from aqueous solutions by pre-treated biomass of Australian marine alga (1999) Bioresour. Technol., 69, pp. 223-229Matheickal, J.T., Yu, Q., Woodburn, G.M., Biosorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by pre-treated biomass of marine alga Durvillaea potatorum (1999) Water Res., 33, pp. 335-342Yu, Q., Kaewsarn, P., Duong, L.V., Electron microscopy study of biosorbents from marine macro alga Durvillae potatorum (2000) Chemosphere, 41, pp. 589-594Danckwerts, P.V., Continuos flow systems: distribution of residence times (1953) Chem. Eng. Sci., 2, pp. 1-13Glueckauf, E., Coates, J.J., Theory of chromatography part IV: the influence of incomplete equilibrium on the front boundary of chromatograms and on the effectiveness of separation (1947) J. Chem. Soc., pp. 1315-1321Glueckauf, E., Theory of chromatography (1955) Trans. 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Emotional assistance in thalassaemia: pilot implementation of a standard protocol

This study aims to describe the creation process of standard procedures to make possible multicentre studies related to emotional aspects of thalassaemic patients, their families and caregivers; and the pilot phase of the routine implementation. The objectives defined to perform this goal are: i) develop routines to assess and manage/treat emotional issues; ii) adjust the ABRASTA - Brazilian Association of Thalassaemia computer system to the input of collected data and its compilation; iii) conduct a pilot implementation of the routines; iv) discuss the whole process and propose next steps. Forty patients were assisted following the above mentioned routines of psychological evaluation, follow-up assistance and management of specific emotional issues. Conclusions are that the routines are adequate to enable multicenter research to compare findings and develop specific interventions to Thalassaemia patients, their families and caregivers; information gathered through them is an important means of supporting medical doctors and other members of the professional team, both in the therapeutic planning and in the communication process with patients and families; finally, considering the nature of the information, psychologists and psychiatrists are the most indicated professionals to perform the assessment and the interventions related to emotional issues, due to their professional background, training and specific skills that allow a free and candid communication with the patients and their families.&nbsp;本研究旨在描述标准程序的创造过程，来进行关于地中海贫血患者、其家属和照顾者情感方面可能的多中心研究；以及例程实施的试点阶段。 为实现此目的而定下的目标有： 1）制定例程评估和管理/处理情感问题；2）调整巴西地中海贫血病协会（ABRASTA）计算机系统， 输入收集到的数据并对其进行编辑；3）对例程进行试点实施；4）讨论整个过程并提出下一步行动。 遵照上述特殊情感问题的心理评估、随访协助和管理的例程，曾协助过四十名患者。 结论为该例程足以确保多中心研究，以比较结果和为地中海贫血患者、其家属和照顾者制定具体的干预措施；通过他们收集的信息是支持治疗医生和专业团队的其他成员的重要途径，这些支持体现在治疗计划、以及和患者及其家属交流的过程中；最后，考虑到这些信息的性质，心理专家和精神病专家是最明显的专业人士来进行的有关情感问题的评估和干预，因为他们具备专业背景、专业训练和特殊技能，这些使得他们能够和患者及其家属进行自由和真正的交流。</p

Biosorption of Chromium(III) and Copper(II) Ions onto Marine Alga sp. in a Fixed-bed Column

The simultaneous biosorption of chromium(III) and copper(II) ions onto Sargassum sp. alga in a fixed-bed column reactor was investigated. Experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of the feed concentration (1, 2, 3 and 6 mequiv/ℓ) and the composition of the metal ion solution [0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 Cu(II)/Cr(III) ratio] on the behaviour of the breakthrough curves. A mathematical model was applied to describe the biosorption in a fixed-bed column. Equilibrium was described in this model in terms of a binary Langmuir-type adsorption process, together with mass transfer in the biosorbent based on the Linear Driving Force (LDF) model. The partial differential equations for the system were solved numerically by the finite volume method. The proposed mathematical model for the biosorption process provided a satisfactory description of the dynamics of metal ion removal in the column relative to the experimental data obtained. The adsorptive capacity of the biomass for Cr(III) ions in the binary system was greater than that for Cu(II) ions. The developed model could provide a useful tool for the optimization of Cr(III) and Cu(II) ion removal processes by Sargassum sp. biomass and the design of the corresponding fixed-bed columns

Biosorption Of Chromium(iii) And Copper(ii) Ions Onto Marine Alga Sargassum Sp. In A Fixed-bed Column

The simultaneous biosorption of chromium(III) and copper(II) ions onto Sargassum sp. alga in a fixed-bed column reactor was investigated. Experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of the feed concentration (1, 2, 3 and 6 mequiv/l) and the composition of the metal ion solution [0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 Cu(II)/Cr(III) ratio] on the behaviour of the breakthrough curves. A mathematical model was applied to describe the biosorption in a fixed-bed column. Equilibrium was described in this model in terms of a binary Langmuirtype adsorption process, together with mass transfer in the biosorbent based on the Linear Driving Force (LDF) model. The partial differential equations for the system were solved numerically by the finite volume method. The proposed mathematical model for the biosorption process provided a satisfactory description of the dynamics of metal ion removal in the column relative to the experimental data obtained. 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Aspectos clínico-patológicos e controle da paratuberculose em rebanho bovino leiteiro

A paratuberculose ou doença de Johne é uma enterite granulomatosa causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais da paratuberculose em rebanho bovino leiteiro no município de Rio Claro, região Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No período de 2006 a 2009, oito vacas adultas da raça Girolanda apresentaram diarreia crônico-intermitente e perda progressiva de peso. À necropsia, observaram-se linfonodos mesentéricos aumentados de volume e úmidos ao corte, vasos linfáticos subserosos das alças intestinais proeminentes, serosa do intestino com aspecto anelado e cerebroide e a mucosa espessada, pregueada e com aspecto microgranular. À microscopia havia, desde o duodeno até o reto, inflamação granulomatosa difusa, marcada dilatação dos vasos linfáticos no ápice das vilosidades, linfangiectasia e linfangite granulomatosa na submucosa, muscular e serosa. A inflamação granulomatosa também foi vista nos linfonodos mesentéricos. A coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen revelou variável quantidade de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes no interior de macrófagos, de células gigantes de Langhans e livres na mucosa e submucosa dos intestinos delgado e grosso e em linfonodos mesentéricos. Em alguns animais, a lâmina própria da mucosa, principalmente do jejuno e íleo exibia acentuada hipertrofia. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis foi isolado em cultivo bacteriano de Herrold com micobactina, a partir de amostras de fezes, de raspado de mucosa intestinal e de leite e identificado pela técnica de PCR IS900. Através da avaliação sorológica semestral, foram analisadas 298 vacas do mesmo rebanho a partir de três anos de idade, observou-se cerca de 40% de animais reagentes ao teste ELISA indireto no período estudado. O diagnóstico da paratuberculose foi baseado nos dados clínico-patológicos, na sorologia, no isolamento e identificação do agente através de cultivo bacteriano e PCR IS900. Após implementação de medidas de controle, tais como eliminação de animais doentes, abate seletivo dos animais soropositivos, separação dos bezerros ao nascer e utilização de banco de colostro, observou-se, nos três anos de estudo, diminuição da ocorrência de casos clínicos no rebanho, de seis casos por ano para cerca de um caso por ano