Conservation Laws in Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics: the DEVA Code

We describe DEVA, a multistep AP3M-like-SPH code particularly designed to study galaxy formation and evolution in connection with the global cosmological model. This code uses a formulation of SPH equations which ensures both energy and entropy conservation by including the so-called \bn h terms. Particular attention has also been paid to angular momentum conservation and to the accuracy of our code. We find that, in order to avoid unphysical solutions, our code requires that cooling processes must be implemented in a non-multistep way. We detail various cosmological simulations which have been performed to test our code and also to study the influence of the \bn h terms. Our results indicate that such correction terms have a non-negligible effect on some cosmological simulations, especially on high density regions associated either to shock fronts or central cores of collapsed objects. Moreover, they suggest that codes paying a particular attention to the implementation of conservation laws of physics at the scales of interest, can attain good accuracy levels in conservation laws with limited computational resources.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Photoionisation loading of large Sr+ ion clouds with ultrafast pulses

This paper reports on photoionisation loading based on ultrafast pulses of singly-ionised strontium ions in a linear Paul trap. We take advantage of an autoionising resonance of Sr neutral atoms to form Sr+ by two-photon absorption of femtosecond pulses at a wavelength of 431nm. We compare this technique to electron-bombardment ionisation and observe several advantages of photoionisation. It actually allows the loading of a pure Sr+ ion cloud in a low radio-frequency voltage amplitude regime. In these conditions up to 4x10^4 laser-cooled Sr+ ions were trapped

Uncooled IRFPA developments review

Abstract Today, large number of un cooled infrared detector developments are under progress due to the availability of silicon technology that enablesJealization of low cost 2D IR arrays. Development of such a structure involves a lot of trade-offs between the different parameters which characterize these detectors: • infrared flux absorption, • measurement of the temperature increase due to the incoming infrared flux absorption, • thermal insulation between detector and readout circuit, • readout of thermometer temperature variation. These trade-offs explain the number of different approaches that are under worldwide development. We present a rapid survey of the state of the art through these developments. LETlfUR has chosen resistive amorphous silicon as thermometer for his uncooled microbolometer development. After a first phase dedicated to the acquisition of the most important detector parameters in order to help the modeling and the technological development, an IRCMOS laboratory model (256 x 64 with a pitch of 50 I-Im) was realized and characterized. It was shown that NETD of 80 mK at ff1.25 Hz and 300 K background can be obtained with high thermal insulation (1.2 10 7 K/W)

Evaluating case studies of community-oriented integrated care.

This paper summarises a ten-year conversation within London Journal of Primary Care about the nature of community-oriented integrated care (COIC) and how to develop and evaluate it. COIC means integration of efforts for combined disease-treatment and health-enhancement at local, community level. COIC is similar to the World Health Organisation concept of a Community-Based Coordinating Hub - both require a local geographic area where different organisations align their activities for whole system integration and develop local communities for health. COIC is a necessary part of an integrated system for health and care because it enables multiple insights into 'wicked problems', and multiple services to integrate their activities for people with complex conditions, at the same time helping everyone to collaborate for the health of the local population. The conversation concludes seven aspects of COIC that warrant further attention

Formation of Disk Galaxies: Warm Dark Matter and the Angular Momentum problem

We have performed TreeSPH simulations of disk galaxy formation in various warm dark matter (WDM) cosmologies. Our results indicate that for a range of WDM free-streaming masses, the disk galaxy formation angular momentum problem can be completely resolved by going to the WDM structure formation scenario, without having to invoke stellar feedback processes at all. We also confirm our previous suspicion, that part of the angular momentum problem is due to numerical effects, most likely related to the shock capturing, artificial viscosity used in SPH. Furthermore we find that we can match the observed I-band Tully-Fisher (TF) relation, provided that the I-band mass-to-light ratio of disk galaxies is about 0.8. We argue that this is quite a reasonable value in comparison with various dynamical and spectrophotometric estimates, including one given in this paper. We speculate that our success in matching the TF relation may be due to WDM halos being less centrally concentrated than CDM halos and suggest to check this exciting possibility with high resolution simulations, in particular in low Omega_M, WDM cosmologies. Finally, we discuss possible physical candidates for WDM particles extensively. We find that the most promising are neutrinos with weaker or stronger interactions than normal, majorons (light pseudogoldstone bosons) or mirror or shadow world neutrinos.Comment: 50 pages incl. 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in antidepressant drug users

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between antidepressant use and out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) risk. We investigated whether the use of antidepressants is associated with OHCA. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide nested case–control study to assess the association of individual antidepressant drugs within drug classes with the hazard of OHCA. Cases were defined as OHCA from presumed cardiac causes. Cox regression with time‐dependent exposure and time‐dependent covariates was conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) overall and in subgroups defined by established cardiac disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Also, we studied antidepressants with and without sodium channel blocking or potassium channel blocking properties separately. RESULTS: During the study period from 2001 to 2015 we observed 10 987 OHCA cases, and found increased OHCA rate for high‐dose citalopram (>20 mg) and high‐dose escitalopram (>10 mg; HR:1.46 [95% CI:1.27–1.69], HR:1.43 [95% CI:1.16–1.75], respectively) among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (reference drug sertraline), and for high‐dose mirtazapine (>30; HR:1.59 [95% CI:1.18–2.14]) among the serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (reference drug duloxetine). Among tricyclic antidepressants (reference drug amitriptyline), no drug was associated with significantly increased OHCA rate. Increased OHCA rate was found for antidepressants with known potassium channel blocking properties (HR:1.14 [95% CI:1.05–1.23]), but for not those with sodium channel blocking properties. Citalopram, although not statistically significant, and mirtazapine were associated with increased OHCA rate in patients without cardiac disease and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that careful titration of citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine dose may have to be considered due to drug safety issues

How to implement person-centred care and support for dementia in outpatient and home/community settings: Scoping review

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterBackground: Little prior research focused on person-centred care and support (PCCS) for dementia in home, community or outpatient care. We aimed to describe what constitutes PCCS, how to implement it, and considerations for women who comprise the majority of affected persons (with dementia, carers). Methods: We conducted a scoping review by searching multiple databases from 2000 inclusive to June 7, 2020. We extracted data on study characteristics and PCCS approaches, evaluation, determinants or the impact of strategies to implement PCCS. We used summary statistics to report data and interpreted findings with an existing person-centred care framework. Results: We included 22 studies with qualitative (55%) or quantitative/multiple methods design (45%) involving affected persons (50%), or healthcare workers (50%). Studies varied in how PCCS was conceptualized; 59% cited a PCC definition or framework. Affected persons and healthcare workers largely agreed on what constitutes PCCS (e.g. foster partnership, promote autonomy, support carers). In 4 studies that evaluated care, barriers of PCCS were reported at the affected person (e.g. family conflict), healthcare worker (e.g. lack of knowledge) and organizational (e.g. resource constraints) levels. Studies that evaluated strategies to implement PCCS approaches were largely targeted to healthcare workers, and showed that in-person inter-professional educational meetings yielded both perceived (e.g. improved engagement of affected persons) and observed (e.g. use of PCCS approaches) beneficial outcomes. Few studies reported results by gender or other intersectional factors, and none revealed if or how to tailor PCCS for women. This synthesis confirmed and elaborated the PCC framework, resulting in a Framework of PCCS for Dementia. Conclusion: Despite the paucity of research on PCCS for dementia, synthesis of knowledge from diverse studies into a Framework provides interim guidance for those planning or evaluating dementia services in outpatient, home or community settings. Further research is needed to elaborate the Framework, evaluate PCCS for dementia, explore determinants, and develop strategies to implement and scale-up PCCS approaches. Such studies should explore how to tailor PCCS needs and preferences based on input from persons with dementia, and by sex/gender and other intersectional factors such as ethnicity or culture.22pubpu

Collecting and utilising crowdsourced data for numerical weather prediction: propositions from the meeting held in Copenhagen, 4–December 5, 2018

In December 2018, the Danish Meteorological Institute organised an international meeting on the subject of crowdsourced data in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and weather forecasting. The meeting, spanning 2 days, gathered experts on crowdsourced data from both meteorological institutes and universities from Europe and the United States. Scientific presentations highlighted a vast array of possibilities and progress being made globally. Subjects include data from vehicles, smartphones, and private weather stations. Two groups were created to discuss open questions regarding the collection and use of crowdsourced data from different observing platforms. Common challenges were identified and potential solutions were discussed. While most of the work presented was preliminary, the results shared suggested that crowdsourced observations have the potential to enhance NWP. A common platform for sharing expertise, data, and results would help crowdsourced data realise this potential