Can Preoperative Serum Alkaline phophatase and Serum Calcium be used as a predictors of postoperative tetany

A total of 100 cases hyperthyroid patients were selected for this prospective study. The hyperthyoidism was confirmed by thyroid function tests and scintigraphy. Of these100 patients 60(60%) patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and 20(20%) patients had normal ALP and normal BMD. All 100 patients underwent totalthyroidectomy. 20 patients with normal ALP did not show a shift in calcium levels and 80 patientswith elevated ALP showed shift in calcium levels (1 to 1.5 gm%) 40 (40%) patients with their calcium levels less than 9.5gm% and elevated ALP developed carpopedal spasm in postoperativeperiod. Hence we conclude that the combination of low normal calcium (< 9.5%) and elevated ALP has a high predictive value for postoperative carpopedal spasm .

Parathyroid Adenoma: is Sestamibi scintigraphy mandatory?

Localization of parathyroid adenoma using 99mTc scintigraphy is the standard of care. However, of late, ultrasound has been employed to this end with increasing frequency.1, 2, 3 The employment of intra-operative PTH estimation (IOPTH) has further augmented the cure rate of hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenomas.4 While ultrasound is widely available, scintigraphy is available only in tertiary health-care centres.With this background, a prospective study was conducted in the department of endocrine surgery of a tertiary care hospital to analyse the efficacy of surgeon-performed ultrasound (SPUS) in comparison to that of 99mTc Sestamibi scintigraphy in the localization of parathyroid adenomas.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF DYSHORMONGENETIC GOITRE

Dyshormonogenetic goitre is a rare thyroid entity which occurs due to enzymatic deficiency in the physiological process of thyroxin synthesis resulting in goitre formation. This has to be differentiated from iodine deficiency goitres for their similarity in clinical presentation, hormonal profile and on scintigraphy studies. This differentiation is vital for the reason that Dyshormonogenetic goitre (DHGG) needs to be treated with thyroxin while Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) requires simple dietary iodine supplementation. 

Automation of Delivery Device for Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection

Poster: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Although water reuse has been practiced in many countries for centuries, severe water scarcity in many parts of the world has aroused renewed interest. In addition, the health risks posed by untreated wastewater emphasize the need to prevent the spread of fecal-oral pathogens through adequately disinfecting wastewater. Though chlorine has widely been used as a disinfectant, its inability to inactivate certain microorganisms and its role in the formation of cancerous trihalomethanes has created the search for alternatives. Chlorine-dioxide has been found to be an effective replacement, though it poses some inherent safety issues being explosive at concentrations of 10% (w/w) or more, sensitive to pressure, and somewhat toxic to juvenile fish. Small packets of precursor chemicals are now commercially available to generate small quantities of chlorine dioxide onsite. The aim of this research was to develop an automated delivery device for dispensing this disinfectant in the form of a packet, which would strongly mitigate safety issues and make the dispenser user-friendly. The automation of the delivery device involved the design of a 30-slot Geneva mechanism to drop the packet into a chamber. This packet-dropping mechanism was designed for use both in a manual mode, requiring no use of electricity, and an automated mode, powered through electricity. A fully functional prototype was built to demonstrate the automation of a disinfection delivery device. Disinfected water is safe for discharge on open lawns and gardens, since the chlorite ion, a byproduct, is present in low concentrations. However, wastewater discharge and reuse may be subject to local or state regulations.No embarg

Parathyroid Adenoma: is Sestamibi scintigraphy mandatory?

Localization of parathyroid adenoma using 99mTc scintigraphy is the standard of care. However, of late, ultrasound has been employed to this end with increasing frequency.1, 2, 3 The employment of intra-operative PTH estimation (IOPTH) has further augmented the cure rate of hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenomas.4 While ultrasound is widely available, scintigraphy is available only in tertiary health-care centres. With this background, a prospective study was conducted in the department of endocrine surgery of a tertiary care hospital to analyse the efficacy of surgeon-performed ultrasound (SPUS) in comparison to that of 99mTc Sestamibi scintigraphy in the localization of parathyroid adenomas. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

(1R,2S)-N,N′-(1,2-Dihydroxy­ethyl­ene)diformamide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C4H8N2O4, contains one half-mol­ecule which is completed via a crystallographic inversion centre. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are arranged in undulating layers parallel to (001). Inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds consolidate this arrangement

A passive sonar based underwater acoustic channel model for improved search and rescue operations in deep sea

Active and passive sonar are the two types of empirical underwater acoustic channel models (UWACMs). Passive sonar UWACMs have applications in military, ocean exploration, and search and rescue (SAR) activities. However, high transmission loss (TL), multipath propagation, and ambient noise pose significant challenges to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and communication effectiveness. To address these challenges, this paper develops a UWACM based on the passive sonar equation method to determine SNR in deep-sea environments, specifically for SAR operations. Determining SNR involves characterizing signal propagation in terms of TL. Existing models lack analysis of TL and SNR for various deep-sea multipath propagation scenarios relevant to SAR applications. Therefore, this paper analyses TL and SNR for both direct and various multipath propagation modes, including surface reflection (SR), surface duct (SD), bottom bounce (BB), convergence zone (CZ), deep sound channel (DSC), and reliable acoustic paths (RAPs) in the deep sea. This work aims to quantify the detection capabilities of underwater location beacons (ULBs) under various deep-sea scenarios and configurations. By analyzing ULB signal propagation characteristics, this research seeks to address key challenges related to ULB performance and ultimately improve SAR operations. The results of the proposed model significantly correlate with existing literature, confirming its accuracy

The role of packaged water in meeting global targets on improved water access

Packaged water (as either refill, bottled, or sachet water) has become an important element of water security in many low- and middle-income countries, owing to poor reliability and lack of piped water infrastructure. However, over time and across countries, the Demographic and Health Surveys monitoring program has inconsistently classified packaged water components as either improved or unimproved. Using data collected as part of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) surveys on water options in nine study geographies across eight countries, we identified five geographies where packaged water constituted one of several options for 5% or more of users. In this study, four scenarios were designed in which packaged water components were variously classified as either improved or unimproved. Unimproved water use was highest in scenarios where sachet or refill water was classified as an unimproved source. Across the four scenarios, the difference in the use of unimproved water as the main option was highest (65%) in Nigeria (Lagos). That difference increased to 78% when considering all regular options. The development of these scenarios highlights the importance of classifying a source as improved or unimproved in the overall metric that indicates progress at national and international levels.IS