29 research outputs found

    Association of Accelerometry-Measured Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Events in Mobility-Limited Older Adults: The LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) Study.

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    BACKGROUND:Data are sparse regarding the value of physical activity (PA) surveillance among older adults-particularly among those with mobility limitations. The objective of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between objectively measured daily PA and the incidence of cardiovascular events among older adults in the LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) study. METHODS AND RESULTS:Cardiovascular events were adjudicated based on medical records review, and cardiovascular risk factors were controlled for in the analysis. Home-based activity data were collected by hip-worn accelerometers at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months postrandomization to either a physical activity or health education intervention. LIFE study participants (n=1590; age 78.9±5.2 [SD] years; 67.2% women) at baseline had an 11% lower incidence of experiencing a subsequent cardiovascular event per 500 steps taken per day based on activity data (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.96; P=0.001). At baseline, every 30 minutes spent performing activities ≄500 counts per minute (hazard ratio, 0.75; confidence interval, 0.65-0.89 [P=0.001]) were also associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular events. Throughout follow-up (6, 12, and 24 months), both the number of steps per day (per 500 steps; hazard ratio, 0.90, confidence interval, 0.85-0.96 [P=0.001]) and duration of activity ≄500 counts per minute (per 30 minutes; hazard ratio, 0.76; confidence interval, 0.63-0.90 [P=0.002]) were significantly associated with lower cardiovascular event rates. CONCLUSIONS:Objective measurements of physical activity via accelerometry were associated with cardiovascular events among older adults with limited mobility (summary score >10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery) both using baseline and longitudinal data. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01072500

    What Drives Symbiotic Calcium Signalling in Legumes? Insights and Challenges of Imaging

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    We review the contribution of bioimaging in building a coherent understanding of Ca 2 + signalling during legume-bacteria symbiosis. Currently, two different calcium signals are believed to control key steps of the symbiosis: a Ca 2 + gradient at the tip of the legume root hair is involved in the development of an infection thread, while nuclear Ca 2 + oscillations, the hallmark signal of this symbiosis, control the formation of the root nodule, where bacteria fix nitrogen. Additionally, different Ca 2 + spiking signatures have been associated with specific infection stages. Bioimaging is intrinsically a cross-disciplinary area that requires integration of image recording, processing and analysis. We used experimental examples to critically evaluate previously-established conclusions and draw attention to challenges caused by the varying nature of the signal-to-noise ratio in live imaging. We hypothesise that nuclear Ca 2 + spiking is a wide-range signal involving the entire root hair and that the Ca 2 + signature may be related to cytoplasmic streaming

    Rapport final du projet CHAMILA (Cartographie des habitats en milieu lagunaire méditerranéen)

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    Coastal Mediterranean lagoons are often defined as homogeneous ecosystems that home many migratory and sedentary species. They also host strong salinity gradients, depth variation and very diverse plant communities, which create small-scale heterogeneity within lagoons. This is why each lagoon must be described as an entity by itself made up of a multitude of homogeneous features, called habitats, which support specific ecological functions for organisms (nursery, feeding, protection against predators...). Although many studies have resulted in collecting high numbers of physical, chemical and biological data in coastal Mediterranean lagoons, there is currently a lack of knowledge of the spatial distribution of these habitats. In our project, we (1) develop a new habitat classification adapted to coastal Mediterranean lagoons and in coherence with EUNIS system (European Nature Information System), (2) map those habitats in French coastal Mediterranean lagoons, and (3) identify and estimate their surface. Based on physical, chemical and biological data collected from 36 permanent French Mediterranean lagoons since the 2000s, we elaborate for the first time a unique and homogeneous habitat classification based on six hierarchical levels: salinity, substrate, light availability, hydrodynamics, trophic state and biology. A total of 224 habitats were mapped in all French coastal Mediterranean lagoons, including 1 to 24 different habitats per lagoon. This habitat mapping (1:100,000 scale) highlights the mosaic of habitats hosted by French coastal Mediterranean lagoons considered until now as relatively homogeneous. The integration of this new knowledge now makes it possible to have tools to help define spatial sampling strategies, management and planning at local and regional scales. The structural definition of these habitats should be a first step towards defining functional habitats for the organisms inhabiting these lagoons.Les lagunes cĂŽtiĂšres mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes sont souvent dĂ©finies comme des Ă©cosystĂšmes homogĂšnes qui abritent de nombreuses espĂšces migratrices et sĂ©dentaires. Ils abritent pourtant de forts gradients de salinitĂ©, des variations de profondeur et des communautĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©tales trĂšs diverses, qui crĂ©ent une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© Ă  petite Ă©chelle au sein des lagunes. C'est pourquoi chaque lagune doit ĂȘtre dĂ©crite comme une entitĂ© Ă  elle seule composĂ©e d'une multitude de caractĂ©ristiques homogĂšnes, appelĂ©es habitats, qui soutiennent des fonctions Ă©cologiques spĂ©cifiques aux organismes (nurserie, alimentation, protection contre les prĂ©dateurs ...). Bien que de nombreuses Ă©tudes aient abouti Ă  la collecte d'un grand nombre de donnĂ©es physiques, chimiques et biologiques dans les lagunes cĂŽtiĂšres mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes, il existe actuellement un manque de connaissances sur la rĂ©partition spatiale de ces habitats. Dans notre projet, (1) nous dĂ©veloppons une nouvelle classification des habitats adaptĂ©e aux lagunes cĂŽtiĂšres mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes cohĂ©rent avec le systĂšme EUNIS (European Nature Information System), (2) nous cartographions ces habitats dans les lagunes cĂŽtiĂšres mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes françaises, et (3) nous identifions et estimons leur surface. Sur la base des donnĂ©es physiques, chimiques et biologiques collectĂ©es dans 36 lagunes mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes permanentes françaises depuis les annĂ©es 2000, nous avons Ă©laborĂ© pour la premiĂšre fois une classification unique et homogĂšne de l'habitat basĂ©e sur six niveaux hiĂ©rarchiques: salinitĂ©, substrat, disponibilitĂ© de la lumiĂšre, hydrodynamique, Ă©tat trophique et biologie. Au total, 224 habitats ont Ă©tĂ© cartographiĂ©s dans l'ensemble des lagunes mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes cĂŽtiĂšres françaises, dont 1 Ă  24 habitats diffĂ©rents par lagune. Cette cartographie des habitats (Ă©chelle 1: 100 000) met en Ă©vidence la mosaĂŻque des habitats exisants au sein des lagunes cĂŽtiĂšres mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes françaises considĂ©rĂ©es jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent comme relativement homogĂšnes. L'intĂ©gration de ces nouvelles connaissances permet dĂ©sormais de disposer d'outils pour dĂ©finir des stratĂ©gies d'Ă©chantillonnage spatial, de gestion et de planification Ă  l'Ă©chelle locale et rĂ©gionale. La dĂ©finition structurelle de ces habitats devrait ĂȘtre un premier pas vers la dĂ©finition d'habitats fonctionnels pour les organismes habitant ces lagunes

    X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome): an update

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    X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome, MIM302060, BTHS) is a disorder with mitochondrial functional impairments and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria that maps to Xq28. The associated G4.5 or TAZ gene has been identified but the encoded proteins have not yet been characterized. Following the prediction that the gene encodes one or more acyltransferases, lipid studies have shown a deficiency of cardiolipin, especially its tetralinoleoyl form (L(4)-CL). Deficiency of L(4)-CL was subsequently demonstrated in a variety of tissues, and determination in thrombocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts is now the most specific biochemical test available. BTHS is the first identified inborn error of metabolism that directly affects cardiolipin, a component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, necessary for proper functioning of the electron transport chain. We report here the finding of deficient docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in a proportion of patients with BTHS. The initial impression of a uniformly lethal infantile disease has to be modified. Age distribution in 54 living patients ranges between 0 and 49 years and peaks around puberty. Mortality is the highest in the first 4 years. The apex of the survival curve around puberty and the emergence of adults may reflect a dynamic shift towards increased survival. This trend is exemplified in a large pedigree previously publishe

    USING A FLIPPED SPOON TO DECREASE PACKING IN CHILDREN WITH FEEDING DISORDERS

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    We evaluated the effects of redistribution and swallow facilitation with a flipped spoon on packing in 2 children with a feeding disorder. For both participants, packing decreased when we implemented the flipped spoon treatment package. Mechanisms responsible for behavior change and areas of future research are discussed

    Identification et suivi spatio-temporel des espùces planctoniques du Golfe du Lion: Rapport final de l’action 4 du Projet GOLDYS

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    Les difficultĂ©s autour de la mise en Ɠuvre du plan de gestion WESTMED en 2020 ont accentuĂ© la demande d’acquisition de connaissances sur le fonctionnement global du Golfe du Lion (GoL). C’est en rĂ©ponse Ă  cette demande croissante de la part de divers acteurs, pĂȘcheurs professionnels, scientifiques, gestionnaires, que le projet Goldys (DYnamique SaisonniĂšre du Golfe du Lion) a vu le jour. Celui-ci a permis la mise en Ɠuvre de campagnes Ă©cosystĂ©miques d'observation Ă  bord de chalutiers professionnels tout au long de l'annĂ©e 2022-2023 dans le but de complĂ©ter la vision estivale du systĂšme assurĂ©e par les campagnes MEDITS et PELMED. De façon Ă  combler un manque d’information important sur la dynamique des communautĂ©s planctoniques du GoL. Des prĂ©lĂšvements planctoniques (phyto-, zoo- et ichtyoplancton) et des mesures hydrologiques ont Ă©tĂ© entrepris. Ensuite, l’identification des communautĂ©s planctoniques rĂ©coltĂ©es (analyse de chĂ©motaxonomie pour le phytoplancton, imagerie pour le zooplancton, microscopie et analyses molĂ©culaires pour l’ichtyoplancton) a Ă©tĂ© indispensable afin d'acquĂ©rir une meilleure connaissance de la dynamique planctonique saisonniĂšres. Ainsi, ces analyses ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence les gradients spatio-temporels de ces communautĂ©s liĂ©s aux fluctuations de l’environnement. En particulier, l’étĂ© caractĂ©risĂ© par des eaux chaudes et stratifiĂ©es, est favorable au dĂ©veloppement des Synechococcus, pĂ©lagophytes, branchiopodes, chaetognathes, appendiculaires ainsi qu’à la reproduction des anchois, rougets et Callionymidae. Les autres saisons sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par une plus forte variabilitĂ© spatiale, des eaux gĂ©nĂ©ralement plus productives liĂ©es Ă  des apports en eaux douces, avec une faible stratification favorisant les diatomĂ©es, Prochlorococcus, prasinophytes, la dominance des copĂ©podes et la reproduction d’espĂšces Ă  fort intĂ©rĂȘt halieutique telles que les sardines et les merlus. Les communautĂ©s ichtyoplanctoniques, ont un gradient spatial plus marquĂ© et stable au cours de l’annĂ©e. En effet, ces communautĂ©s se structurent le long d’un Ă©tagement bathymĂ©trique avec les cĂŽtes prĂ©sentant une forte richesse spĂ©cifique, un plateau dominĂ© par les clupĂ©iformes (anchois, sardines, sprats) et les eaux du large caractĂ©risĂ©es par des espĂšces mĂ©sopĂ©lagiques (Myctophidae, Sternoptichidae) et exploitĂ©es (i.e. rouget et merlu). Pour finir, cette Ă©tude dĂ©montre la faisabilitĂ© et l’utilitĂ© d’un tel suivi de l’écosystĂšme du GoL et ouvre la voie vers des suivis pluriannuels qui permettraient de confirmer les tendances observĂ©es ici et d’approfondir les connaissances sur la dynamique Ă  long terme des communautĂ©s planctoniques de la zone

    Benchmarking the performance of lithiated metal oxide interlayers at the LiCoO2|LLZO interface

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    Integrating Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolytes in combination with a high-energy cathode remains a major challenge in developing all-solid-state batteries. In particular, diffusion processes and solid-state reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface during the co-sintering of the oxide materials at elevated temperatures result in high interfacial impedances. In this work, we study the performance of lithiated Nb, Al, and Ti metal oxide interlayers as diffusion barriers to prevent the formation of deleterious interphases at the cathode-electrolyte interface during fabrication, thus enabling easy Li-ion transfer between LiCoO2 and LLZO. Specifically, we characterize the impact of the different interlayers on the morphology and elemental distribution at the interface and evaluate their influence on the electrochemical behavior of the battery stacks after the high-temperature process. We find that the mixing of Co/La cations at the interface is reduced by using the metal oxide diffusion barriers. It is shown that the interfacial impedance can be reduced from 8 kΩ cm2 to 1 kΩ cm2 and that the electrochemical performance of all cells with interlayers exceeds that of the battery without interlayer. In particular, the Li-Nb-O modification outperforms the other metal oxide interlayers in terms of the discharge capacities achieved.ISSN:2633-540
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