222 research outputs found
Subdivision Directional Fields
We present a novel linear subdivision scheme for face-based tangent
directional fields on triangle meshes. Our subdivision scheme is based on a
novel coordinate-free representation of directional fields as halfedge-based
scalar quantities, bridging the finite-element representation with discrete
exterior calculus. By commuting with differential operators, our subdivision is
structure-preserving: it reproduces curl-free fields precisely, and reproduces
divergence-free fields in the weak sense. Moreover, our subdivision scheme
directly extends to directional fields with several vectors per face by working
on the branched covering space. Finally, we demonstrate how our scheme can be
applied to directional-field design, advection, and robust earth mover's
distance computation, for efficient and robust computation
Diacritic Weight in the Extended Accent First Theory
In this article, I present the Extended Accent First theory, which is an offshoot of the Primary Accent First theory (van der Hulst 1996, 1997, 1999, 2010). While the latter is known to correctly account for accent location in a large variety of languages, it encounters difficulties accounting for lexical accent systems and systems sensitive to both phonological weight and lexical accent. The Extended Accent First theory makes such an account possible. In this theory, lexical accent is reanalyzed as “diacritic weight”, leading to the notions of “diacritic weight scale” and “hybrid weight scale”. The Extended Accent First theory is illustrated here with a case study from Central and Southern Selkup that shows how the theory works and, in particular, how it can account for dominance effects using a diacritic weight scale. A comparison of the Accent Deletion approach vs. the Extended Accent First theory with respect to accentual dominance suggests that the approach proposed here is more straightforward and economical. Interestingly, the existence of phonological and diacritic weight correctly predicts that there are accent systems which make reference to both weight types (ordered in a single language-specific weight scale)
Discrete Curvature and Torsion from Cross-Ratios
Motivated by a M\"obius invariant subdivision scheme for polygons, we study a
curvature notion for discrete curves where the cross-ratio plays an important
role in all our key definitions. Using a particular M\"obius invariant
point-insertion-rule, comparable to the classical four-point-scheme, we
construct circles along discrete curves. Asymptotic analysis shows that these
circles defined on a sampled curve converge to the smooth curvature circles as
the sampling density increases. We express our discrete torsion for space
curves, which is not a M\"obius invariant notion, using the cross-ratio and
show its asymptotic behavior in analogy to the curvature
OReX: Object Reconstruction from Planner Cross-sections Using Neural Fields
Reconstructing 3D shapes from planar cross-sections is a challenge inspired
by downstream applications like medical imaging and geographic informatics. The
input is an in/out indicator function fully defined on a sparse collection of
planes in space, and the output is an interpolation of the indicator function
to the entire volume. Previous works addressing this sparse and ill-posed
problem either produce low quality results, or rely on additional priors such
as target topology, appearance information, or input normal directions. In this
paper, we present OReX, a method for 3D shape reconstruction from slices alone,
featuring a Neural Field as the interpolation prior. A simple neural network is
trained on the input planes to receive a 3D coordinate and return an
inside/outside estimate for the query point. This prior is powerful in inducing
smoothness and self-similarities. The main challenge for this approach is
high-frequency details, as the neural prior is overly smoothing. To alleviate
this, we offer an iterative estimation architecture and a hierarchical input
sampling scheme that encourage coarse-to-fine training, allowing focusing on
high frequencies at later stages. In addition, we identify and analyze a common
ripple-like effect stemming from the mesh extraction step. We mitigate it by
regularizing the spatial gradients of the indicator function around input
in/out boundaries, cutting the problem at the root.
Through extensive qualitative and quantitative experimentation, we
demonstrate our method is robust, accurate, and scales well with the size of
the input. We report state-of-the-art results compared to previous approaches
and recent potential solutions, and demonstrate the benefit of our individual
contributions through analysis and ablation studies
BPM: Blended Piecewise Moebius Maps
We propose a novel Moebius interpolator that takes as an input a discrete map
between the vertices of two planar triangle meshes, and outputs a smooth map on
the input domain. The output map interpolates the discrete map, is continuous
between triangles, and has low quasi-conformal distortion when the input map is
discrete conformal. Our map leads to considerably smoother texture transfer
compared to the alternatives, even on very coarse triangulations. Furthermore,
our approach has a closed-form expression, is local, applicable to any discrete
map, and leads to smooth results even for extreme deformations. Finally, by
working with local intrinsic coordinates, our approach is easily generalizable
to discrete maps between a surface triangle mesh and a planar mesh, i.e., a
planar parameterization. We compare our method with existing approaches, and
demonstrate better texture transfer results, and lower quasi-conformal errors
Dev2PQ: Planar Quadrilateral Strip Remeshing of Developable Surfaces
We introduce an algorithm to remesh triangle meshes representing developable
surfaces to planar quad dominant meshes. The output of our algorithm consists
of planar quadrilateral (PQ) strips that are aligned to principal curvature
directions and closely approximate the curved parts of the input developable,
and planar polygons representing the flat parts of the input. Developable
PQ-strip meshes are useful in many areas of shape modeling, thanks to the
simplicity of fabrication from flat sheet material. Unfortunately, they are
difficult to model due to their restrictive combinatorics and locking issues.
Other representations of developable surfaces, such as arbitrary triangle or
quad meshes, are more suitable for interactive freeform modeling, but generally
have non-planar faces or are not aligned to principal curvatures. Our method
leverages the modeling flexibility of non-ruling based representations of
developable surfaces, while still obtaining developable, curvature aligned
PQ-strip meshes. Our algorithm optimizes for a scalar function on the input
mesh, such that its level sets are extrinsically straight and align well to the
locally estimated ruling directions. The condition that guarantees straight
level sets is nonlinear of high order and numerically difficult to enforce in a
straightforward manner. We devise an alternating optimization method that makes
our problem tractable and practical to compute. Our method works automatically
on any developable input, including multiple patches and curved folds, without
explicit domain decomposition. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
on a variety of developable surfaces and show how our remeshing can be used
alongside handle based interactive freeform modeling of developable shapes
Single breath-hold 3D measurement of left atrial volume using compressed sensing cardiovascular magnetic resonance and a non-model-based reconstruction approach
Background:Left atrial (LA) dilatation is associated with a large variety of cardiac diseases. Current cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) strategies to measure LA volumes are based on multi-breath-hold multi-slice acquisitions, which are time-consuming and susceptible to misregistration.Aim:To develop a time-efficient single breath-hold 3D CMR acquisition and reconstruction method to precisely measure LA volumes and function.Methods:A highly accelerated compressed-sensing multi-slice cine sequence (CS-cineCMR) was combined with a non-model-based 3D reconstruction method to measure LA volumes with high temporal and spatial resolution during a single breath-hold. This approach was validated in LA phantoms of different shapes and applied in 3 patients. In addition, the influence of slice orientations on accuracy was evaluated in the LA phantoms for the new approach in comparison with a conventional model-based biplane area-length reconstruction. As a reference in patients, a self-navigated high-resolution whole-heart 3D dataset (3D-HR-CMR) was acquired during mid-diastole to yield accurate LA volumes.Results:Phantom studies. LA volumes were accurately measured by CS-cineCMR with a mean difference of −4.73 ± 1.75 ml (−8.67 ± 3.54 %, r² = 0.94). For the new method the calculated volumes were not significantly different when different orientations of the CS-cineCMR slices were applied to cover the LA phantoms. Long-axis “aligned” vs “not aligned” with the phantom long-axis yielded similar differences vs the reference volume (−4.87 ± 1.73 ml vs −4.45 ± 1.97 ml, p = 0.67) and short-axis “perpendicular” vs “not-perpendicular” with the LA long-axis (−4.72 ± 1.66 ml vs −4.75 ± 2.13 ml; p = 0.98). The conventional bi-plane area-length method was susceptible for slice orientations (p = 0.0085 for the interaction of “slice orientation” and “reconstruction technique”, 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures). To use the 3D-HR-CMR as the reference for LA volumes in patients, it was validated in the LA phantoms (mean difference: −1.37 ± 1.35 ml, −2.38 ± 2.44 %, r² = 0.97). Patient study: The CS-cineCMR LA volumes of the mid-diastolic frame matched closely with the reference LA volume (measured by 3D-HR-CMR) with a difference of −2.66 ± 6.5 ml (3.0 % underestimation; true LA volumes: 63 ml, 62 ml, and 395 ml). Finally, a high intra- and inter-observer agreement for maximal and minimal LA volume measurement is also shown.Conclusions:The proposed method combines a highly accelerated single-breathhold compressed-sensing multi-slice CMR technique with a non-model-based 3D reconstruction to accurately and reproducibly measure LA volumes and function
Discrete exterior calculus (DEC) for the surface Navier-Stokes equation
We consider a numerical approach for the incompressible surface Navier-Stokes
equation. The approach is based on the covariant form and uses discrete
exterior calculus (DEC) in space and a semi-implicit discretization in time.
The discretization is described in detail and related to finite difference
schemes on staggered grids in flat space for which we demonstrate second order
convergence. We compare computational results with a vorticity-stream function
approach for surfaces with genus 0 and demonstrate the interplay between
topology, geometry and flow properties. Our discretization also allows to
handle harmonic vector fields, which we demonstrate on a torus.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Preparation and properties of polyamide-6-based thermoplastic laminate composites by a novel in-mold polymerization technique
In this work, a method for preparation of polyamide-6 (PA6) based laminates reinforced by glass fiber- (GFL) or
polyamide-66 (PA66) textile structures (PL) via reactive injection molding is disclosed. It is based on in-mold anionic polymerization of eps-caprolactam carried out at 165º C in the presence of the respective reinforcements performed in newly developed prototype equipment whose design concept and operation are described. Both composite types were produced for reaction times of 20 min, with conversion degrees of 97–99%. Initial mechanical tests in tension of GFL samples displayed almost twofold increase of the Young’s modulus and stress at break values when compared with the neat anionic PA6. The improvement was proportional to the
volume fraction Vf of glass fiber fabric that was varied in the 0.16–0.25 range. A 300% growth of the impact strength was registered in PL composites with Vf of PA66 textile of 0.1. Removing the surface finish of the latter was found to be a factor for improving the adhesion at the matrix–fiber interface. The mechanical behavior of GFL and PL composites was discussed in conjunction with the morphology of the samples studied by optical and electron microscopy and the matrix crystalline structure as revealed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia; German Synchrotron Radiation Source - DESY, Hambur
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