Impact de l’hystérectomie sur l’incontinence urinaire : revue de la littérature

International audienceIntroduction: The impact of a hysterectomy on urinary incontinence is a controversial subject in the literature.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of urinary incontinence after a hysterectomy as well as associated risk factors such as the type of hysterectomy, the surgical approach, urodynamic criteria and uterine disease.Study design: We conducted a systematic review in Pubmed database with the following keywords and MeSH term: hysterectomy, urinary incontinence.Results: A total of 1340 articles were retrieved, 42 articles were selected for the final text analysis. The results of the different studies were heterogeneous. Hysterectomy seemed to increase the rate of sphincter deficiency (VLPP<60mmH2O for 20% of cases versus 1,7% without hysterectomy, P=0.003). The vaginal route could increase the incidence of UI with OR of 2.3 (95%CI 1.0-5.2). Subtotal hysterectomy appears to increase UI with a 0,74 RR for total hysterectomy (95%CI 0.58-0.94). A radical hysterectomy with nerve conservation would preserve urinary functions, unlike pelvic radiotherapy, which is responsible for irreversible nerve damage by demyelination and bladder fibrosis

Préserver ou non l’utérus en cas de chirurgie du prolapsus : revue de la littérature.

National audienceObjective To evaluate the impact of hysterectomy in case of genital prolapse on the anatomical and functional results, and on per and post operative complications compared with uterine preservation. Material and Methods We conducted a review of the Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane literature using the following terms and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine): uterine prolapse; genital prolapse; prolapse surgery; vaginal prolapse surgery; abdominal prolapse surgery; hysterectomy; hysteropexy; sacrocolpopexy; surgical meshes; complications; sexuality; neoplasia; urinary; incontinence; cancer. Results Among the 168 abstracts studied, 63 publications were retained. Whatever performance of hysterectomy or not, anatomical and functional results were similar in abdominal surgery (sacrocolpopexy) (OR = 2.21 [95% CI: 0.33–14.67]) or vaginal surgery (OR = 1.07 [95% CI: 0.38–2.99]). There was no difference in terms of urinary symptoms or sexuality after surgery. Hysterectomy was associated to a higher morbidity (bleeding, prolonged operating time, longer hospital stay), to an increased risk of mesh exposure particularly in case of total hysterectomy (8.6%; 95% CI: 6.3–11). Conclusion In the absence of evidence of superiority in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes, with an increased rate of complications, concomitant hysterectomy with prolapse surgery should probably not be performed routinely.Objectif Évaluer l’impact de la réalisation d’une hystérectomie en cas de cure de prolapsus sur les résultats anatomiques, fonctionnels, les complications per et postopératoires par rapport à la conservation utérine. Matériels et Méthodes Nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature sur Pubmed, Medline, Embase et Cochrane en utilisant les termes et MeSH (Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine) suivants : uterine prolapse ; genital prolapse ; prolapse surgery ; vaginal prolapse surgery ; abdominal prolapse surgery ; hysterectomy ; hysteropexy ; sacrocolpopexy ; surgical meshes ; complications ; sexuality ; neoplasia ; urinary ; incontinence ; cancer. Résultats Parmi les 168 résumés étudiés, nous avons retenu 63 articles. Il n’existait pas de différence significative en termes de résultats anatomiques et fonctionnels en cas de promontofixation (OR = 2,21 [IC95 % : 0,33–14,67[) et en cas de chirurgie vaginale sans pose de prothèse (OR = 1,07 [IC95 % : 0,38–2,99]). Il n’y avait pas non plus de différence en termes de symptomatologie urinaire ou de sexualité au décours quel que soit la voie d’abord. L’hystérectomie était associée à une morbidité plus importante (saignements, allongement du temps opératoire, allongement de la durée d’hospitalisation), un risque augmenté d’exposition prothétique en cas d’hystérectomie totale (8,6 % IC95 % : 6,3–11). Conclusion En l’absence de preuve de supériorité en termes de résultats anatomiques et fonctionnels, avec une augmentation du taux de complications, l’hystérectomie concomitante en cas de cure de prolapsus ne doit probablement pas être réalisée de manière systématique

Sero-prevalence of specific Leptospira serovars in fattening pigs from 5 provinces in Vietnam

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with a worldwide distribution. In Vietnam, leptospirosis is considered endemic. In pigs, leptospirosis can result in reproductive problems (such as abortion and infertility) which lead to economic loss. In addition, transmission to people presents a public health risk. In Vietnam, few national studies have been conducted on sero-prevalence of leptospirosis in pigs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and incidence of presumptive infective leptospira serovars in fattening pigs from 5 provinces in Vietnam. Results Blood samples from fattening pigs were randomly collected at slaughterhouses. We collected 1959 sera samples from 5 provinces (Son La, Hanoi, Nghe An, Dak Lak and An Giang) between January and early June 2016. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to identify the serogroups/serovars. Overall, the sero-prevalence was 8.17% (95% CI: 6.99–9.47) and serovar Tarassovi Mitis (2.19%) had the highest prevalence followed by Australis (1.94%), Javanica (1.68%) and Autumnalis (1.17%) using a cutoff (≥ 1:100). The sero-prevalence among female pigs (5.28%, 95% CI: 3.94–6.93) was slightly higher than among male pigs (4.88%, 95% CI: 3.51–6.58), but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Leptospirosis in pigs may be a useful indicator of the human/animal burden in Vietnam and a risk assessment tool. The presence of some of the identified serovars suggests that wildlife may play an important role in the transmission of leptospirosis to domesticated pigs in Vietnam. Therefore, strengthened monitoring and surveillance systems are needed to better understand the epidemiology of the disease and prevent or reduce infection in humans and animals

Are there regional variations in the diagnosis surveillance, and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the way healthcare facilities (HCFs) diagnose, survey, and control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). DESIGN: Questionnaire. SETTING: Ninety HCFs in 30 countries. RESULTS: Evaluation of susceptibility testing methods showed that 8 laboratories (9%) used oxacillin disks with antimicrobial content different from the one recommended, 12 (13%) did not determine MRSA susceptibility to vancomycin, and 4 (4.5%) reported instances of isolation of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus but neither confirmed this resistance nor alerted public health authorities. A MRSA control program was reported by 55 (61.1%) of the HCFs. The following isolation precautions were routinely used: hospitalization in a private room (34.4%), wearing of gloves (62.2%), wearing of gowns (44.4%), hand washing by healthcare workers (53.3%), use of an isolation sign on the patient's door (43%), or all four. When the characteristics of HCFs with low incidence rates (< 0.4 per 1,000 patient-days) were compared with those of HCFs with high incidence rates (≥ 0.4 per 1,000 patient-days), having a higher mean number of beds per infection control nurse was the only factor significantly associated with HCFs with high incidence rates (834 vs 318 beds; P = .02). CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the urgent need to strengthen the microbiologic and epidemiologic capacities of HCFs worldwide to prevent MRSA transmission and to prepare them to address the possible emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.link_to_subscribed_fulltex