Strong jump inversion

© The Author(s) 2018. We say that a structure A admits strong jump inversion provided that for every oracle X, if X' computes D(C)'for some C ≅ A, then X computes D(B) for some B ≅ A. Jockusch and Soare (1991, APAL, 52, 39-64) showed that there are low linear orderings without computable copies, but Downey and Jockusch (1994, PAMS, 122, 871-880) showed that every Boolean algebra admits strong jump inversion. More recently, D. Marker and R. Miller (2017, JSL, 82, 1-25) have shown that all countable models of DCF0 (the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0) admit strong jump inversion. We establish a general result with sufficient conditions for a structure A to admit strong jump inversion. Our conditions involve an enumeration of B1-types, where these are made up of formulas that are Boolean combinations of existential formulas. Our general result applies to some familiar kinds of structures, including some classes of linear orderings and trees. We do not get the result of Downey and Jockusch for arbitrary Boolean algebras, but we do get a result for Boolean algebras with no 1-atom, with some extra information on the complexity of the isomorphism. Our general result gives the result of Marker and Miller. In order to apply our general result, we produce a computable enumeration of the types realized in models of DCF0. This also yields the fact that the saturated model of DCF0 has a decidable copy

A comparative study between children and adults with bacterial neuroinfections

Abstract Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is an acute purulent infection of the meninges. There are significant differences in the etiological spectrum, clinical course and outcome of bacterial meningitis in the age groups, and their recognition is important for early diagnosis and adequate therapy. Aim: The study aims to determine the differences in the etiology and clinical presentation of bacterial meningitis between children and adults. Materials and methods: The study included 90 patients (25 children and 65 adults) with bacterial neuroinfection admitted to St George University Hospital, Plovdiv between January 1, 2016 and September 31, 2019. We applied epidemiological and clinical analysis, microbiological and statistical methods. Results: In adults, the most common etiological agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae (20%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (18.5%), Listeria monocytogenes (12.3%), Streptococcus spp. (3.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (3.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.5%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1.5%). The etiological structure in children was different: Neisseria meningitidis (20%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (16%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), Enterococcus faecium (8%), Streptococcus salivarius (4%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (4%). In 40% of the cases, both children and adults, the causative agent was not identified. Conclusions: Regarding the clinical presentation, a statistical significance between the age groups was found with headache and alterations in consciousness, more commonly seen in adults, while vomiting, ear pain was more common in children (p<0.05). Concomitant otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and sepsis were often observed. The mortality rate was much higher in adults (43%) when compared with children (8%)

Strong jump inversion

© The Author(s) 2018. We say that a structure A admits strong jump inversion provided that for every oracle X, if X' computes D(C)'for some C ≅ A, then X computes D(B) for some B ≅ A. Jockusch and Soare (1991, APAL, 52, 39-64) showed that there are low linear orderings without computable copies, but Downey and Jockusch (1994, PAMS, 122, 871-880) showed that every Boolean algebra admits strong jump inversion. More recently, D. Marker and R. Miller (2017, JSL, 82, 1-25) have shown that all countable models of DCF0 (the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0) admit strong jump inversion. We establish a general result with sufficient conditions for a structure A to admit strong jump inversion. Our conditions involve an enumeration of B1-types, where these are made up of formulas that are Boolean combinations of existential formulas. Our general result applies to some familiar kinds of structures, including some classes of linear orderings and trees. We do not get the result of Downey and Jockusch for arbitrary Boolean algebras, but we do get a result for Boolean algebras with no 1-atom, with some extra information on the complexity of the isomorphism. Our general result gives the result of Marker and Miller. In order to apply our general result, we produce a computable enumeration of the types realized in models of DCF0. This also yields the fact that the saturated model of DCF0 has a decidable copy

CHROMATIN QUALITY AS A CRUCIAL FACTOR FOR THE SUCCESS OF FLUORESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ANALYSES OF UNFERTILIZED OOCYTES, POLAR BODIES AND ARRESTED ZYGOTES

ABSTRACT Material that is supernumerary or unsuitable for in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures is used for basic and for IVF-related research. Despite the disadvantages of such cells, they have contributed much to our understanding of the mechanisms and prevalence of different abnormalities. Fifty-four human unfertilized oocytes, 34 arrested bipronuclear zygotes and 15 polar bodies were fixed for analysis on the third day after in vitro insemination and were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for chromosomes 18, 21, X and Y (centromere for 18, X, Y and locus-specific for 21). The aim of the study was the comparison of FISH efficiency in differently condensed chromatin. The success of FISH analysis was over 60% of analyzed cells and it was dependent on the chromatin changes (condensation and/or fragmentation) during the culture period before cell fixation. Chromatin ageing was the crucial factor for the reduced success of FISH in both oocyte chromosomes (60.0%) and pronuclei (61.76%). The chromatin of second polar bodies (PBII), and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) of the sperm chromatin in oocytes was more suitable for FISH analysis (FISH success 75.0% in PBII and 64.29% in PCC) with both centromere and locus-specific probes. These results revealed the significance of early signs of in vitro cell ageing for the success of FISH analysis and for the interpretation of results in case of analysis of unfertilized human ova, polar bodies and arrested zygotes