136 research outputs found
Surface composition of the Co-Cr based alloys after different lab denture treatments using auger electron spectroscopy
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Co-Cr ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅-Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ (ΠΠΠ‘). Π¦Π΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ: ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π° Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ, Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ 2 Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ
Interdiffusion in Au(120Β nm)/Ni(70Β nm) thin films at the low-temperature annealing in the different atmospheres
AbstractThe development of the interdiffusion processes and the surface morphology changes in thin films of Au(120Β nm)/Ni(70Β nm) during annealing at 200Β Β°C for 20Β min in vacuum with different residual atmosphere pressures of 10β3 and 10β6Β Pa and in an environment of hydrogen at a pressure of 5Β ΓΒ 102Β Pa have been studied. Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used. Surface microdefects that form in the films are related to the local oxidation of nickel and to the stress that arises due to interdiffusion. Defect formation and reactions at the surface are found to be controlling factors in the transport of nickel to the surface and in the observed morphology
The Distribution of Bar and Spiral Strengths in Disk Galaxies
The distribution of bar strengths in disk galaxies is a fundamental property
of the galaxy population that has only begun to be explored. We have applied
the bar/spiral separation method of Buta, Block, and Knapen to derive the
distribution of maximum relative gravitational bar torques, Q_b, for 147 spiral
galaxies in the statistically well-defined Ohio State University Bright Galaxy
Survey (OSUBGS) sample. Our goal is to examine the properties of bars as
independently as possible of their associated spirals. We find that the
distribution of bar strength declines smoothly with increasing Q_b, with more
than 40% of the sample having Q_b <= 0.1. In the context of recurrent bar
formation, this suggests that strongly-barred states are relatively short-lived
compared to weakly-barred or non-barred states. We do not find compelling
evidence for a bimodal distribution of bar strengths. Instead, the distribution
is fairly smooth in the range 0.0 <= Q_b < 0.8. Our analysis also provides a
first look at spiral strengths Q_s in the OSU sample, based on the same torque
indicator. We are able to verify a possible weak correlation between Q_s and
Q_b, in the sense that galaxies with the strongest bars tend also to have
strong spirals.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal, August 2005
issue (LaTex, 23 pages + 11 figures, uses aastex.cls
The Impact of Initial-Final Mass Relations on Black Hole Microlensing
Uncertainty in the initial-final mass relation (IFMR) has long been a problem
in understanding the final stages of massive star evolution. One of the major
challenges of constraining the IFMR is the difficulty of measuring the mass of
non-luminous remnant objects (i.e. neutron stars and black holes).
Gravitational wave detectors have opened the possibility of finding large
numbers of compact objects in other galaxies, but all in merging binary
systems. Gravitational lensing experiments using astrometry and photometry are
capable of finding compact objects, both isolated and in binaries, in the Milky
Way. In this work we improve the PopSyCLE microlensing simulation code in order
to explore the possibility of constraining the IFMR using the Milky Way
microlensing population. We predict that the Roman Space Telescope's
microlensing survey will likely be able to distinguish different IFMRs based on
the differences at the long end of the Einstein crossing time distribution and
the small end of the microlensing parallax distribution, assuming the small
() microlensing parallaxes characteristic of black hole
lenses are able to be measured accurately. We emphasize that future
microlensing surveys need to be capable of characterizing events with small
microlensing parallaxes in order to place the most meaningful constraints on
the IFMR.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures Accepted to Ap
The boundaries and their impact on properties of zirconia electrolyte
Interfaces and their complexions created in the zirconia 1Ce10ScSZ ceramic electrolyte and altered by three powder types and sintering temperatures were studied via their effect on mechanical behavior and electrical conductivity. Two boundary complexions, which exist and developed between subgrains and grains with sintering temperature were observed. The transition between boundary categories, which was defined as the boundary complexion transition of the second kind, occurs in both very pure 1Ce10ScSZ ceramics and in ceramics of technical purity, powder of which is contaminated with rather large amounts of silica and titania. The ceramics contaminated with rather large amount of silica and alumina does not reveal any complexion transitions. Joint analysis of data obtained with electron microscopy and related techniques, mechanical tests for strength, scanning electron fractography and impedance spectroscopy of structural constituents of electrical resistance has given a lot of information on the effect of boundaries and their complexions on properties of electrolyte where mechanical behavior is as important as their conductivity.ΠΠ΅ΠΆΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ 1Ce10ScSZ, ΡΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ· Π½Π΅Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°Π΄Π°Π² Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½Π° Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΊ Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆ, ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΡΠ±Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΄ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆ, ΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π² Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ 1Ce10ScSZ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π·Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ 1Ce10ScSZ Π· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ.ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 1Ce10ScSZ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° 1Ce10ScSZ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ 1Ce10ScSZ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°. Π ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ 1Ce10ScSZ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π¦ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π16 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡ, Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡ (Π£ΠΠ£Π) Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·Ρ-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ Π16 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ (Π΄ΠΎ βΌ600 %), Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ· ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΡ Π£ΠΠ£Π. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ². Π Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ Π16 Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠ² Π£ΠΠ£Π Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Ρ 2,5 ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ 650 ΠΠΠ°.The article studies possibilities of more effective surface hardening as compared with conventional thermomechanical processing. Specifically, we provide the insight into surface hardening of light structural alloys by ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) in air under quasi-hydrostatic pressure of the sample. By example of the commercial aluminum alloy D16 we demonstrate the unique opportunity to harden the surface (up to ~600 %) using the synergistic effect of low-temperature processes of mechanical nanostructuring as well as mechanical and chemical interaction of aluminum with oxygen under the influence of UIT. We propose the qualitative model for formation of oxide coating several tens of micrometers thick. By employing a set of physical methods we establish basic laws of the phase formation and chemical composition, structure and mechanical properties of the D16 alloy surface layers depending on the amplitude and duration of UIT. We show that the development of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization processes causes the cyclic nature of microhardness changes. Under optimal conditions of UIT the wear resistance of surface layers increased by ~2,5 times, and the compression residual stresses level is 650 MPa.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (Π£ΠΠ£Π) Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π16 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π΄ΠΎ βΌ 600 %), ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π£ΠΠ£Π. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π16 Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π£ΠΠ£Π ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² 2,5 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ 650 ΠΠΠ°
Early-Time Ultraviolet and Optical Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of the Type II Supernova 2022wsp
We report early-time ultraviolet (UV) and optical spectroscopy of the young,
nearby Type II supernova (SN) 2022wsp obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST)/STIS at about 10 and 20 days after the explosion. The SN 2022wsp UV
spectra are compared to those of other well-observed Type II/IIP SNe, including
the recently studied Type IIP SN 2021yja. Both SNe exhibit rapid cooling and
similar evolution during early phases, indicating a common behavior among SNe
II. Radiative-transfer modeling of the spectra of SN 2022wsp with the TARDIS
code indicates a steep radial density profile in the outer layer of the ejecta,
a supersolar metallicity, and a relatively high total extinction of E(B-V) =
0.35 mag. The early-time evolution of the photospheric velocity and temperature
derived from the modeling agree with the behavior observed from other
previously studied cases. The strong suppression of hydrogen Balmer lines in
the spectra suggests interaction with a pre-existing circumstellar environment
could be occurring at early times. In the SN 2022wsp spectra, the absorption
component of the Mg II P Cygni profile displays a double-trough feature on day
+10 that disappears by day +20. The shape is well reproduced by the model
without fine-tuning the parameters, suggesting that the secondary blueward dip
is a metal transition that originates in the SN ejecta.Comment: Submitted to ApJ Letters on 4/11/202
Early-time Spectropolarimetry of the Asymmetric Type II Supernova SN 2023ixf
We present six epochs of optical spectropolarimetry of the Type II supernova
(SN) 2023ixf ranging from 2 to 15 days after the explosion. Polarimetry
was obtained with the Kast double spectrograph on the Shane 3 m telescope at
Lick Observatory, representing the earliest such observations ever captured for
an SN. We observe a high continuum polarization %
on days +1.4 and +2.5 before dropping to 0.5 % on day +3.5, persisting at that
level up to day +14.5. Remarkably, this change coincides temporally with the
disappearance of highly ionized "flash" features. The decrease of the continuum
polarization is accompanied by a rotation of the polarization
position angle () as seen across the continuum. The early evolution of the
polarization may indicate different geometric configurations of the
electron-scattering atmosphere as seen before and after the disappearance of
the emission lines associated with highly-ionized species (e.g., He II, C IV, N
III), which are likely produced by elevated mass loss shortly prior to the SN
explosion. We interpret the rapid change of polarization and from days
+2.5 to +4.5 as the time when the SN ejecta emerge from the dense asymmetric
circumstellar material (CSM). The temporal evolution of the continuum
polarization and the is consistent with an aspherical SN explosion that
exhibits a distinct geometry compared to the CSM. The rapid follow-up
spectropolarimetry of SN 2023ixf during the shock ionization phase reveals an
exceptionally asymmetric mass-loss process leading up to the explosion.Comment: Submitted to Ap
Π₯ΡΡΡΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π΅ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π· Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΡ ex vivo ex situ ΡΠ° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π· ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ. Β
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π½Ρ 2015 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 2018 Ρ. Π² ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΡ 28 Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. Π£ 5 ΡΠ· 28 ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΡΡ ex vivo ex situ Π· Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, Ρ 4 - ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ 6 (26%) Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ 2 (8,7%) Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ, Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎ Π· ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ
, Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠ³ΡΡ
Prevalence and outcomes of pregnancies in women living with HIV over a 20-year period: The EuroSIDA study, 1996 to 2015
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate time trends in pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV in Europe. DESIGN: European multicentre prospective cohort study. METHODS: EuroSIDA has collected annual cross-sectional audits of pregnancies between 1996 and 2015. Pregnancy data were extracted and described. Odds of pregnancy were modelled, adjusting for potential confounders using logistic regression with generalised estimating equations. RESULTS: Of 5535 women aged 16 to <50βyears, 4217 (76.2%) had pregnancy information available, and 912 (21.6%) reported 1315 pregnancies. The proportions with at least one pregnancy were 28.1% (321/1143) in East, 24.5% (146/596) in North, 19.8% (140/706) in West/Central, 19.3% (110/569) in Central East and 16.2% (195/1203) in South Europe. Overall 319 pregnancies (24.3%) occurred in 1996-2002, 576 (43.8%) in 2003-2009 and 420 (31.9%) in 2010-2015. After adjustment, the odds of pregnancy were lower in 1996-2002, in South, Central East and East compared to West/Central Europe, in older women, those with low CD4 counts or with prior AIDS, and higher in those with a previous pregnancy or who were HCV positive.Outcomes were reported for 999 pregnancies in 1996-2014, with 690 live births (69.1%), seven stillbirths (0.7%), 103 spontaneous (10.3%) and 199 medical abortions (19.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Around 20% of women in EuroSIDA reported a pregnancy, with most pregnancies after 2002, when more effective antiretroviral therapy became available. Substantial differences were seen between European regions. Further surveillance of pregnancies and outcomes among women living with HIV is warranted to ensure equal access to care
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