Protection of person whit disabilities: implementation of accessibility standards

This paper is based on the analysis of several international conventions and rules, as well as national regulations dealing with protection of rights of all members of community, especially preventing all potential forms of discrimination and with special focus on people with disabilities. Application of the European accessibility concept [i] would achieve the promotion of a new social model that would completely transform the relation towards the persons with disabilities. The concept suggests essentially different approach – treating the community as a whole, and thus all its needs and needs of each community member as one, making no difference among individual groups within the overall population, but provides the solutions that meet the conditions to fulfil the need of each individual member and the community as a whole. Terms: accessibility, access to all, inclusion, inclusive design, universal design, values/directions, principles, standards/norms/technical regulations, legislation. Theoretical frame: historical overview (international – national compatibility

Mechanical Characterization of Ink-Jet Printed Ag Samples on Different Substrates

Part 6: Computational Systems ApplicationsInternational audienceIn this paper, the main activity was to investigate how different substrates, temperature of sintering and percentage of silver ink containing silver nanoparticles influence on Young’s modulus and hardness of printed silver thin samples. Samples were prepared by low cost ink-jet printing technique using Dimatix Material Printer on polyimide flexible substrate and slide glass. Characterization of these samples was carried out by Nano Indenter using a three sided pyramidal (Berkovich) diamond tip. Measurement results show that the thickness of ink-jet printed silver layer varies for different percent of nanoparticles in silver ink. All measurements were done at same depth of indentation to avoid possibility of perforation of printed layer. The higher temperature of sintering and the higher percent of silver nanoparticles give the bigger Young’s modulus and hardness of printed silver sample. This research provides very useful information about mechanical characterization of the silver layers on flexible substrates for printed-electronics

Nanoindentation of nickel manganite ceramics obtained by complex polimerization method

Nickel manganite is very interesting NTC material due to its outstanding properties and wide field of applications mainly in microelectronics and optoelectronics and lately in the mobile phone industry. In this work, chemical synthesis of this material was performed by complex polymerization method (CPM). The presence of pure nickel manganite phase was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The obtained fine nanoscaled powders were uniaxially pressed and sintered at different temperatures: 1000 C -1200C for 2h. Microstructure development during sintering was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Indentation experiments were carried out using a three sided pyramidal (Berkovich) diamond tip. Young’s modulus of elasticity at various indentation depths and hardness of NTC ceramics were calculated. It was found that the highest hardness and elastic modulus exhibit the ceramics sintered at highest temperature

6. Effect of Cu dopping on microstructural, thermoelectric and mechanical properties of NaCoCuO4 ceramics

Ceramic samples of NaCo2-xCuxO4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) were obtained after calcination of powder precursors synthesized by a mechanochemically assisted solid-state reaction method (MASSR) and a citric acid complex method (CAC). Effects of small concentrations of Cu doping and the above-mentioned syntheses procedures on the microstructural, thermoelectric and mechanical properties were observed. The electrical resistivity (ρ), the thermal conductivity (κ) and the Seebeck coefficient (S) were measured simultaneously in the temperature gradient (ΔT) between hot and cold side of the sample, and the figure of merit (ZT) was subsequently calculated. ZT of the CAC samples was higher compared with the MASSR samples. The highest ZT value of 0.061 at ΔT = 473 K was obtained for the sample with 5 mol% of Cu prepared by the CAC method, and it was 1.7 times higher than the highest value obtained for the MASSR sample with 3 mol% of Cu (ZT = 0.036 at ΔT = 473 K). The CAC samples showed better mechanical properties compared to the MASSR samples due to the higher hardness of the CAC samples which is a consequence of homogeneous microstructure and higher density obtained after sintering of these samples. The results confirmed that, besides the concentration of Cu, the synthesis procedure considerably affected the microstructural, thermoelectric and mechanical properties of NaCo2O4 ceramics

INFLUENCE OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON THE STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN PSEUDOBROOKITE NANOFIBERS

Novel crystalline iron-titanate fibers were synthesized for the first time to the best of our knowledge, through a simple, low cost electrospinning method followed by calcination treatment at different temperatures (500–750 °C for 3 h and at 500 °C for 6 h and at 550 °C for 4 h). The fibers were prepared from a precursor solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), iron(III) nonahydrate, titanium isopropoxide, N,N-Dimethylformamide and ethanol. As spun fibers were smooth, straight, beadless and uniform forming a nonwoven fibrous mat, with an average diameter of ca. 205 nm. Upon calcination in air the PVP matrice was removed and XRD and FTIR analysis showed that the duration of the calcination process, besides the temperature, had a direct influence on phase formation. Pure phase of pseudobrookite was obtained at 600 °C, 500 °C for 6 h and at 550 °C for 4 h. In addition, the morphology of obtained nanofibers was directly affected by the calcination temperature. The surface of fibers obtained after calcination was no longer smooth and the fiber diameter decreased due to complete degradation of PVP. At 700 oC and 750 °C, fibers were thicker which can be attributed to growth of Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles and simultaneous coalescence of small particles. All samples exhibited a type IV nitrogen adsorption isotherm with a type- H3 indicating slit-shaped mesoporous structure. The BET surface areas of 500 oC for 6 h, 550 oC for 4 h and 600 oC for 3 h were estimated to be 62, 38.7 and 33.2 m2/g, respectively

Modulation of hepatic inflammation and energy-sensing pathways in the rat liver by high-fructose diet and chronic stress

Purpose High-fructose consumption and chronic stress are both associated with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, disturbed activity of energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was recognized as mediator between nutrient-induced stress and inflammation. Thus, we analyzed the effects of high-fructose diet, alone or in combination with chronic stress, on glucose homeostasis, inflammation and expression of energy sensing proteins in the rat liver. Methods In male Wistar rats exposed to 9-week 20% fructose diet and/or 4-week chronic unpredictable stress we measured plasma and hepatic corticosterone level, indicators of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, hepatic inflammation (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, Toll-like receptor 4, NLRP3, activation of NF kappa B, JNK and ERK pathways) and levels of energy-sensing proteins AMPK, SIRT1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha). Results High-fructose diet led to glucose intolerance, activation of NF kappa B and JNK pathways and increased intrahepatic IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 on Ser(307). It also decreased phospho-AMPK/AMPK ratio and increased SIRT1 expression. Stress alone increased plasma and hepatic corticosterone but did not influence glucose tolerance, nor hepatic inflammatory or energy-sensing proteins. After the combined treatment, hepatic corticosterone was increased, glucose tolerance remained preserved, while hepatic inflammation was partially prevented despite decreased AMPK activity. Conclusion High-fructose diet resulted in glucose intolerance, hepatic inflammation, decreased AMPK activity and reduced insulin sensitivity. Chronic stress alone did not exert such effects, but when applied together with high-fructose diet it could partially prevent fructose-induced inflammation, presumably due to increased hepatic glucocorticoids

ARCTITECTURE – INCLUSIVE CULTURE: PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

The paper has analysed the contemporary standards that all democracies have embraced. A special emphasis has been placed on international conventions and rules, as well as the laws to protect the rights of all members of a modern social community. It is its duty to look after all its members and eliminate any form of discrimination, and even a threat of it.The European Concept for Accessibility promotes a new social model, designed to change entirely the attitude to the handicapped. The Concept offers a completely new approach, viewing the community as a whole. This integrated approach stretches to the needs of the community and the needs of each and every member of it, making no difference between individual groups within the population. Instead, it creates the environment to satisfy the needs of each individual member and, by extension, the community at large. The role of architecture is to recognize the needs of a community and take the lead in reshaping the standards to create a new environment accessible to all its members. This will give architecture a fundamental dimension, and make it the integrative factor to blend the community together

Monochromatic in the architectural compostition: with special reference to the application of white colour

The application of colour in the architectural composition represents an effective instrument that can achieve a number of effects. Knowledge of its impact is a powerful tool in the hands of every architect. Warm and cool tones, by their nature, can cause various effects of depth, emphasis and suppression of certain elements to some extent. Colours can create the illusion of area increase and decrease and cause a number of other effects. The aim of this paper is focused on solid colour (monochromatic) architecture, with special reference to the usage of white colour. The colour is the most effective tool of distinguishing and perception. All of the visual appearance owes its existence to light and colour. The world of colour is not one source of countless tones, but is clearly designed on the basis of three primary colours and their combinations. Special mental attitude is required for a person to organize his world of colour in accordance with perceptual characteristics. Colour names are to some extent vague, because the very notion of colour is questionable and problematic. The most interesting difference in conceptualization of colours refers to the cultural development. The basic colour names are common in all the languages and cultures, but they also include various extents of tones. Not all the languages contain all of these names as well. Architectural works using one colour on its envelope, besides the value achieved by the composition itself, carries certain associative meanings related to the colour that it exhibits in a particular environment. However, most of the colours have identical or approximate meanings in most mental representations through all regions

Cozmos = Architecture – From Reality to Prediction [STRAND 2021]

Architecture, written by utilizing upper- or lower- case “a”, set in the year 2070 leads to a very specific conclusion: by reflecting on the past goings-on one ponders the construction of a new world. The central purpose was to problematize, through personal interpretations, a new architecture that does not solve burning issues in the familiar, but is aimed at alternative models, future scenarios and shaping the space within them

An Investigation into Mechanical Properties and Printability of Potential Substrates for Inkjet Printing of Orodispersible Films

Inkjet printing is novel approach in drug manufacturing that enables dispensing precise volumes of ink onto substrates. Optimal substrate properties including suitable mechanical characteristic are recognized as crucial to achieve desired dosage form performance upon administration. Identification of relevant quality attributes and their quantification is subject of intensive scientific research. The aim of this work was to explore applicability of different materials as printing substrates and explore contribution of the investigated substrate properties to its printability. Substrates were characterized with regards to uniformity, porosity, disintegration time, mechanical properties and drug dissolution. Experimentally obtained values were mathematically transformed and the obtained results were presented as relevant radar charts. It was shown that structurally different substrates may be employed for orodispersible films inkjet printing. Main disadvantage of single-polymer films was low drug load, and their printability was dependent on film flexibility and mechanical strength. Structured orodispersible film templates exhibited favorable mechanical properties and drug load capacity. Wafer edible sheets were characterized with high mechanical resistance and brittleness which somewhat diminished printability, but did not hinder high drug load. Obtained results provide insight into application of different materials as printing substrates and contribute to understanding of substrate properties which can affect printability