Supplementary data for the article: Tripković, T.; Vasić, R.; Lolić, A.; Baošić, R. Determination of Metals in Artistic Pigments Using the Optimized GFAAS Method and Raman Spectroscopy. Chemical Papers 2022, n/a. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02110-6.

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02110-6]Related to published version: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4948

Water Requirements of Fruit and Vine Plantations in the Area of the Kolubara District in present and Future Conditions

Fruit and vine production in the territory of the Kolubara District encompasses 15,685 ha, which accounts for around 15.3% of the total plant production. When it comes to fruit plantations, plums are the most represented (70%), while peaches and strawberries account for only 0.3%. The aim of this research was to determine the seasonal water requirements of fruit trees in climate change condition, to find out wheter will be changes in irrigation requirement. In addition, the paper includes the analysis of water requirements for the future periods in order to enable producers to adapt their agronomy practices and growing systems to the forthcoming conditions. FAO methodology (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56), was used to estimate the evapotranspiration, effective precipitation, crop evapotranspiration and water deficit, for 8 groups of fruit plantations: (I) apples, pears, plums, quinces, walnuts and hazels – the orchard without grass cover; (II) apples, pears, plums, quinces, walnuts and hazels – grassy orchard; (III) apricots and peaches – the orchard without grass cover; (IV) apricots and peaches – grassy orchard; (V) sweet cherries and sour cherries - the orchard without grass cover; (VI) sweet cherries and sour cherries - grassy orchard; (VII) strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and blueberries and (VIII) grapevine. The fruit plantations were categorised into the above-mentioned eight groups according to the length of the vegetation period and the crop coefficient values. The observed period from 2000–2019 and two future periods (2021–2040 and 2041–2060) were analysed. The climate data for the reference 2000–2019 period were obtained from the meteorological station in Valjevo. Data for the future climate were obtained using 8 climate models for the RCP 8.5 climate scenario. The paper provides the results obtained as the median of the calculations for eight climate models. The evapotranspiration value varies from 438.6, 429.0 and 440.5 mm for fruit trees from group V, respectively, to 892.2, 857.5 and 884.6 mm for fruit trees belonging to group II, with the average values of 596, 577.9 and 595.4 mm for the reference period, the future 2021–2040 and 2041–2060 periods, respectively. The seasonal water deficit varies from 88.0, 41.3, and 90.6 mm for grapevine (group VIII) to 405.6, 352.3, and 405.3 mm for fruit trees from group II, with the average values of 224.4, 198.7 and 245.3 mm for the reference period, and future 2021–2040 and 2041–2060 periods, respectively. The results of this research indicate that no significant differences in the water requirements between the future periods and the reference period

The impact of the irrigation regimes on the Ravaz index in vineyard plavinci under climate change

With increasing aridity and the frequency of extreme events predicted in the near future according to global climate models, soil water availability may become a more important limiting factor in wine production and quality. Wine quality and yield are strongly influenced by climatic conditions and depend on a complex interaction between temperature, water availability, plant material, and viticultural techniques. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between different watering regimes on yield components, with a focus on the value of the Ravaz index. The experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2022 in an organic vineyard called Plavinci (Serbia). The grapevine variety is Panonia and the vines are trained using Smart-Dyson system. The drip irrigation method was applied in three regimes as a percentage of crop evapotranspiration (ETc): full irrigation, F (100% ETc); deficit irrigation, D (50% ETc); and rainfed, R (0% ETc), treatment without irrigation. The watering turn was 7 days, and the watering norm was 15 mm for D and 30 mm for F treatment. The obtained results show that the average weight of bunches are 2.92 kg∙plant−1, 3.18 kg∙plant−1, and 2.83 kg∙plant−1 for F, D, and R, respectively. The Ravaz Index (RI) was calculated by expressing the ratio between the yield and pruning weight. The values of the RI by treatment are 8.3, 7.5, and 6.3 for F, D, and R, respectively. These results confirm the influence of irrigation on yield and severity of pruning, which caused differences in RI between treatments as it increased with the amount of irrigation water applied. Since the RI values in our experiment range from 5 to 10, it indicates a good balance between vegetative growth and productivity in the Panonia grapevine

Uticaj režima navodnjavanja na temperaturu, vlažnost zemljišta i temperaturu biljnog pokrivača vinove loze i trave

INTRODUCTION and AIMS: Climate changes, with their consequent increase in temperature and precipitation, have a significant impact on the soil surface. Soil temperature is very important for plant development and it depends on humidity (soil water content), air temperature and canopy cover (Fischer et al., 2021). Canopy temperature is one of the most important physiological parameters related to transpiration, leaf water potential and stomatal conductance. Plant water status is frequently monitored using thermal remote sensing devices (Martínez et al., 2016; Santesteban et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2018b; Zhang et al., 2018c). Bearing in mind the mentioned significance, the aim of this research is to analyse the effect of irrigation regime on soil temperature, soil moisture and temperature of grapevine and grass cover. MATERIALS and METHODS: The research was conducted in the vineyard of the white wine grape variety (cv. Panonia) in Plavinci near Belgrade (44° 41’ N; 20° 41’ E; 176 m.a.s.l.) from April to September 2021. The experiment was arranged using a block design with three replications. The intra-row spacing of plants (vines) amounted to 0.9 m, while the inter-row spacing was 1.8 m (1.62 vines m-2). The vineyard was minimally tilled. The space between rows was covered by a grass-legume mixture which is the subject of this study, as well. Climate data were obtained from the meteorological station located in the vineyard. Water, physical and chemical properties of soil were determined by the standard field and laboratory analyses. Irrigation was performed using the drip irrigation method. Three irrigation regimes were established: 1) full irrigation (F), when 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ЕТс) was ensured; 2) deficit irrigation (D), 50% of ЕТс ensured and 3) drought (S), the rainfed treatment. In all treatments soil moisture (by the vines and on the grass cover) was monitored using a gravimetric method each 7 to 10 days and continuously using TDR probes. Soil temperature probes were also used for measuring the soil temperature (soil by the vines). Temperature of the canopy cover (grapevine and grass) was measured 10 times during the vegetation (from mid-Jun to mid-September) using FLIR T335 thermal imaging camera. Three photographs were taken during each temperature measurement in all applied treatments. The photographs were later analysed using the sample of 10 temperatures per photo (30 samples per treatment) with FLIR Tools software. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: Soil moisture measured by means of gravimetric and TDR method was the highest in the F treatment and the lowest in the S treatment. Soil moisture content mostly remained within the soil water depletion limits during the research period. Soil temperature was the highest in the deficit irrigation treatment (it was not monitored in the control treatment). It varied from 5°С to 32.5°С and amounted to the average of 20°С from March to September. The average temperature of the grapevine canopy varied from 24.1°С in the F treatment, 25.2°С in the D treatment and 26.0°С in the S treatment. Temperature of the grapevine canopy was lower than the air temperature in all treatments, which indicates that plants were not exposed to water stress. The average temperature of grass cover in the inter-row space which was not directly irrigated varied from 38.3°С in the D treatment to 40.6 °С in the S treatment. It was mainly higher than the air temperature, which indicates that the grassland was exposed to water stress. The obtained results clearly highlight the significant impact of irrigation regime on both soil moisture and temperature and canopy cover temperature of grapevine and grass cover. In addition, grapevine tolerance to water deficit can concluded

Thessmovism analysis of developed temperatures on different types of materials and dependence on the wavelength of the incidental laser beam

U primeni koherentnog zračenja za dijagnostiku i čišćenje materijala od nataloženih slojeva sa objekata od značaja za kulturnu baštinu, koristi se nekoliko tipova lasera od kojih neki imaju po više izlaza. Nd3+:YAG laser (jednog sistema) se koristi na izlazima: 1,06 μm, 532 nm i 355 nm. Izabrani uzorci materijala različite prirode (keramike, papira, plastike, metala) su izlagani dejstvima prva tri izlaza u cilju uklanjanja neželjenih slojeva. Modeli su predstavljali objekte za procese u kojima se skida željeni sloj sa probnog uzorka tipa grafita, hemijske olovke, flomastera i markera. Pri svakom izlaganju, sniman je odgovarajući termovizijski zapis tako da postoji mogućnost provere modelovanja interakcije odabranog snopa sa materijalom i provera temperaturne distribucije putem simulacija analitičkim i numeričkim metodama sa raznim paketima programa (Numerics, Comsol, Zemax, Glad..).In the application of coherent radiation for diagnostics and cleaning materials from the contaminated layers from the facilities of relevance to cultural heritage, several types of lasers are used, some of which have several outputs. ND3 +: YAG LASER (one system) is used on the outputs: 1.06 μm, 532 nm and 355 nm. Selected samples of materials of different nature (ceramics, paper, plastic, metals) are exposed to the effects of the first three outputs in order to remove unwanted layers. The models represented objects for processes in which the desired layer from the trial sample type of graphite type, ballpoint pen, flomaster and marker is removed. In each presentation, the corresponding thermal imaging is recorded so that there is a possibility of checking the interaction of the selected beam with materials and checking temperature distribution through simulations of analytical and numerical methods with various packages (Numerics, COMSOL, ZEMAX, HLAD ..)

Optical parameters measurements and modelling in biology and some laser applications in life

Laser applications in plant selection and their influence on living cells and organisms have been the topic for a long time. Some modern treatments compare the laser influence with nuclear, X-ray and chemical agents for those purposes. A large number of reviewed data are related only to the numbers linked to power or energy density without including the coefficients of reflection or other optical characteristics of living cells or organisms. Due to the fact we measured some of the reflection coefficients for plants of interest as medicaments (in pharmaceutical purposes) in the whole visible range as well as in IR and UV ranges. Knowing those constants and other from references, the discussion will be performed considering the possible comparisons between some experimental data and the results with wheat, corn, tomato. Simultaneously, some laser irradiation would be organized for some plants whose vegetation period could be given some first results. The highest differences could be an irradiation of dry and wet seeds. Nowadays very interesting conclusions are those claiming that laser irradiation changes are more long living than nuclear beams provoked mutations. Some models will be discussed

Optical parameters measurements and modelling in biology and some laser applications in life

Laser applications in plant selection and their influence on living cells and organisms have been the topic for a long time. Some modern treatments compare the laser influence with nuclear, X-ray and chemical agents for those purposes. A large number of reviewed data are related only to the numbers linked to power or energy density without including the coefficients of reflection or other optical characteristics of living cells or organisms. Due to the fact we measured some of the reflection coefficients for plants of interest as medicaments (in pharmaceutical purposes) in the whole visible range as well as in IR and UV ranges. Knowing those constants and other from references, the discussion will be performed considering the possible comparisons between some experimental data and the results with wheat, corn, tomato. Simultaneously, some laser irradiation would be organized for some plants whose vegetation period could be given some first results. The highest differences could be an irradiation of dry and wet seeds. Nowadays very interesting conclusions are those claiming that laser irradiation changes are more long living than nuclear beams provoked mutations. Some models will be discussed