Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Connaraceae

Resumo Este estudo apresenta um tratamento taxonômico para as espécies de Connaraceae ocorrentes em vegetação de canga da Serra dos Carajás. Foram encontradas quatro espécies, pertencentes aos gêneros Connarus e Rourea. O presente tratamento inclui chaves de identificação, descrições morfológicas, dados de distribuição geográfica, comentários, ilustrações, fotografias e imagens em microscopia eletrônica de varredura para as espécies estudadas

Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Convolvulaceae

Resumo O presente trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico das Convolvulaceae ocorrentes nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil. Foram reconhecidas 17 espécies e oito gêneros (Aniseia, Cuscuta, Evolvulus, Ipomoea, Jacquemontia, Merremia, Operculina e Turbina). São apresentados chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, fotografias e distribuição geográfica das espécies, além de comentários gerais sobre os táxons

Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Malpighiaceae

Resumo Nesse trabalho apresentamos o tratamento florístico de Malpighiaceae para as cangas da Serra dos Carajás, incluindo comentários taxonômicos para todas as espécies, além de ilustrações e fotografias. Encontramos na área de estudo 14 espécies, pertencentes aos gêneros Banisteriopsis (3 spp.), Byrsonima (3 spp.), Coleostachys (1 sp.), Diplopterys (1 sp.), Heteropterys (3 spp.), Niedenzuella (1 sp.), Peixotoa (1 sp.) e Stigmaphyllon (1 sp.). Heteropterys trigoniifolia, Niedenzuella acutifolia e Peixotoa reticulata são pela primeira vez registradas para o estado do Pará

Pollen morphology of species of Bonamia Thouars, Evolvulus L. and Jacquemontia Choisy (Convolvulaceae) occurring in an ecotone region in the municipality of Caetité, Bahia State, Brazil

The pollen morphology of 17 taxa of Convolvulaceae [Bonamia agrostopolis, Evolvulus (nine species) - Tribe Cresseae), and Jacquemontia (seven species) - Tribe Jacquemontieae)] was described under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the objective of contributing to the palynology and the taxonomy of the group. The pollen material was collected from anthers and/or floral buds of herbarium exsicates, acetolyzed, analyzed quantitative and qualitatively under LM and SEM, described and illustrated. The data presented here on the pollen morphology of the studied Bonamia, Evolvulus and Jacquemontiaspecies, showed that B. agrostopolis has medium, isopolar, microechinate, granulated pollen grains with the 3-colpate apertural type, which is present in the majority of Jacquemontia species studied. On the other hand, Evolvulus species, J. gracillima and J. pentanthos have the same pollen type, characterized by being spheroidal, pantocolpate and microechinate. The other species of Jacquemontia were characterized by the subprolate to prolate-spheroidal shape, and the zonocolpate and microechinate exine in the pollen grains of all species, with granules, perforations, and micro-reticules in some species. We observed a lack of definition of the pollen types that delimit Cresseae and Jacquemontieae since there are palynological affinities between species of the two tribes. The species of Evolvulus form a stenopalynous group; however, the present study presents unpublished palynological descriptions for nine species, contributing to the expansion of pollen data and confirming the eurypalynous character of Convolvulaceae.A morfologia polínica de 17 táxons de Convolvulaceae [Bonamia agrostopolis, Evolvulus (nove espécies) - Tribo Cresseae) e Jacquemontia (sete espécies) - Tribo Jacquemontieae)] foi descrita sob microscopia de luz (ML) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) com objetivo de contribuir com a palinologia e taxonomia do grupo. O material polinífero foi retirado de anteras e/ou botões florais de exsicatas de herbários, acetolisado, analisado quantitativa e qualitativamente sob ML e MEV, descrito e ilustrado. Os dados aqui apresentados sobre a morfologia polínica das espécies de Bonamia, Evolvulus e Jacquemontia estudadas evidenciaram que B. agrostopolis apresenta grãos de pólen médios, isopolares, microequinados, granulados e o tipo apertural 3-colpado, presente na maioria das espécies estudadas de Jacquemontia. Por outro lado, as espécies de Evolvulus, J. gracillima e J. pentanthos compreendem o mesmo tipo polínico, caracterizado pelos grãos de pólen esferoidais, pantocolpados e microequinados. As demais espécies de Jacquemontiacaracterizaram-se pelos grãos de pólen com forma variando de subprolata a prolata-esferoidal, zonocolpados e exina microequinada em todas as espécies, com grânulos, perfurações e microrretículo em algumas espécies. Observou-se aqui uma indefinição dos tipos polínicos que delimitam Cresseae e Jacquemontieae, visto que há afinidades palinológicas entre espécies das duas tribos. As espécies de Evolvulus formam um grupo estenopolínico. No entanto, o presente estudo apresenta descrições palinológicas inéditas para nove espécies, contribuindo para a ampliação dos dados palinológicos e confirmando o carácter euripolínico de Convolvulaceae.VASCONCELOS, L. V. Universidade Federal do Par

Morfologia polínica de espécies das tribos Ipomoeeae Hallier f. e Merremieae D.F. Austin (Convolvulaceae) ocorrentes numa região de ecótono do município de Caetité, BA, Brasil

RESUMO O estudo da morfologia polínica das espécies das tribos Ipomoeeae e Merremieae (Convolvulaceae) tem como finalidade contribuir com a ampliação do conhecimento palinológico dos táxons estudados e subsidiar a taxonomia do grupo. Foram examinados os grãos de pólen de 10 espécies de Ipomoea, uma de Turbina (tribo Ipomoeeae) e quatro de Merremia (tribo Merremieae) ocorrentes na flora de Brejinho das Ametistas, Caetité, BA, Brasil. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, mensurados, descritos e ilustrados sob microscopia de luz (ML) e eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Mediante a análise da morfologia polínica dos táxons estudados, foi possível confirmar o caráter euripolínico do grupo e reconhecer dois tipos polínicos com base no tipo apertural e na ornamentação da exina: Tipo 1. grãos de pólen pantoporados, equinados; Tipo 2. grãos de pólen 3-6-colpados, microequinados, granulados

Pollen Morphology of Convolvulaceae from Southeastern Amazonian Cangas and Its Relevance for Interaction Networks and Paleoenvironmental Studies

Serra dos Carajás harbors a unique open plant community in Amazonia, known as canga vegetation, with several endemic species coexisting with the potential threat of large-scale iron ore mining. In this sense, Convolvulaceae occur in a wide variety of canga geoenvironments with multiple flower visitors, but the scarcity of data on its pollen morphology prevents the correct association between Convolvulaceae species with floral visitors, as well as the precise identification of their habitats throughout the Quaternary. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge and refinement of the identification of insect-plant networks of endangered plants, including Ipomoea cavalcantei. Pollen grains were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM, respectively), and the morphological parameters obtained were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis. Therefore, all species were differentiated based on aperture types and exine ornamentation. The set of morphological characters indicated that echinae morphology, easily identified under LM, was effective for the identification of Ipomoea species. This work represents the first robust pollen database for a precise identification at the species level of Convolvulaceae from southeastern Amazonian cangas

THE PARTICIPATION OF THE NITRERGIC PATHWAY IN INCREASED RATE OF TRANSITORY RELAXATION OF LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER INDUCED BY RECTAL DISTENSION IN DOGS

Context The rectal distension in dogs increases the rate of transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation considered the main factor causing gastroesophageal reflux. Objectives The aim of this study was evaluate the participation of the nitrergic pathway in the increased transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation rate induced by rectal distension in anesthetized dogs. Methods Male mongrel dogs (n = 21), weighing 10-15 kg, were fasted for 12 hours, with water ad libitum. Thereafter, they were anesthetized (ketamine 10 mg.Kg-1 + xylazine 20 mg.Kg-1), so as to carry out the esophageal motility evaluation protocol during 120 min. After a 30-minute basal period, the animals were randomly intravenous treated whith: saline solution 0.15M (1ml.Kg-1), L-NAME (3 mg.Kg-1), L-NAME (3 mg.Kg-1) + L-Arginine (200 mg.Kg-1), glibenclamide (1 mg.Kg-1) or methylene blue (3 mg.Kg-1). Forty-five min after these pre-treatments, the rectum was distended (rectal distension, 5 mL.Kg-1) or not (control) with a latex balloon, with changes in the esophageal motility recorded over 45 min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Student Newman-Keuls test. Results In comparison to the respective control group, rectal distension induces an increase in transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Pre-treatment with L-NAME or methylene blue prevents (P<0.05) this phenomenon, which is reversible by L-Arginine plus L-NAME. However, pretreating with glibenclamide failed to abolish this process. Conclusions Therefore, these experiments suggested, that rectal distension increases transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in dogs via through nitrergic pathways

Bioactivity of basil (Ocimum basicilum L.) on control of the spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) in peanut

Essential plant oils contain biopesticides that could be used to control many crop pests. Tetranychus spp. are mites that cause damage to several crops and are primarily controlled by synthetic pesticides. Literature showed that mites can be controlled with essential oils of plants containing eugenol. In this work, we evaluated the bioactivity of basil (Ocimum basicilum) accessions for peanut-spider mites control based on molecular, biochemical and agronomic assays. RNA from four basil accessions, previously chosen by divergence genetic analysis, were used to estimate the expression of eugenol synthase (EGS I) transcripts, by semiquantitative and polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Chromatography was, thereafter, performed in order to estimate the eugenol concentration. Feeding bioassays were performed using basil leaf extracts in order to estimate oviposition and mortality of spider mites females. Finally, a validation assay was carried out in greenhouse, using peanut plants previously infested with spider mites and weekly sprayed with basil water-extract. One basil accession, OVRS, revealed high phytotoxicity to spider mite females, at 15% water-extract. The mortality rate was 75% and complete inhibition of fecundity was found in BOD assays. In the greenhouse assay, the most severe damage due to mite infestations was found to plant height, number of pods and pod yield, which were reduced to 28, 53 and 52% in non-treated plants (control). Considering that basil is a short-cycle plant, with easy reproduction and management, these results represent an accessible alternative to organic control spider mites in peanut.Keywords: Basil, chromatography, eugenol, eugenol synthase, qPCR, spider mit