Les effets métaboliques de l'exercice

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Improving health status through physical activity for individuals with chronic pulmonary diseases

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to show how pertinent pathophysiological bases have been built for physical activity prescription for individuals with obstructive pulmonary disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The pathophysiological bases were constructed by taking into account exercise mismatching, which was analyzed in terms of both short- and long-term impact on disease outcome. Specific exercise adaptations based on a keen understanding of the underlying physiological processes provided the key to an adapted intervention with well-defined exercise program aims. The results that were achieved are striking, and one might conclude that sometimes exercise is simply the best way to improve the general well-being of individuals with chronic disease. Since this is a major concern for health professionals and chronically ill individuals, physical activity offers a means to rise to this challenge

Les effets métaboliques de l'exercice

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Question 3-6. Les questionnaires d’activité physique - application aux BPCO

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[Physiopathological bases for retraining programs of asthma patients: adjustment to rehabilitation].

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What is known about fatigue sites under neuromuscular electrical stimulation?

International audienceFatigue is a complex phenomenon involving different mechanisms (central and peripheral). The study of fatigue under neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been ignored for a long time, due to the assumption that since NMES is applied over the peripheral level of the neuromuscular system, it cannot implicate central nervous system reactions. However, several arguments in the literature point to a real implication of central structures during NMES. This led to the study of the electrically induced fatigue and results show that supra-spinal fatigue is developed after both high- and low-frequency stimulation, further proving the non-purely peripheral character of this technique

L'asthmatique peut-il faire du sport?

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Importance of Physical Exercise Training in Asthmatics

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Neuromuscular Fatigue Is Not Different between Constant and Variable Frequency Stimulation

International audienceThis study compared fatigue development of the triceps surae induced by two electrical stimulation protocols composed of constant and variable frequency trains (CFTs, VFTs, 450 trains, 30 Hz, 167 ms ON, 500 ms OFF and 146 ms ON, 500 ms OFF respectively). For the VFTs protocol a doublet (100 Hz) was used at the beginning of each train. The intensity used evoked 30% of a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and was defined using CFTs. Neuromuscular tests were performed before and after each protocol. Changes in excitation-contraction coupling were assessed by analysing the M-wave [at rest (M-max) and during MVC (M-sup)] and associated peak twitch (Pt). H-reflex [at rest (H-max) and during MVC (H-sup)] and the motor evoked potential (MEP) during MVC were studied to assess spinal and corticospinal excitability of the soleus muscle. MVC decrease was similar between the protocols (28%, P<0.05). M-max, M-sup and Pt decreased after both protocols (P<0.01). H-max/M-max was decreased (P<0.05), whereas H-sup/M-sup and MEP/M-sup remained unchanged after both protocols. The results indicate that CFTs and VFTs gave rise to equivalent neuromuscular fatigue. This fatigue resulted from alterations taking place at the muscular level. The finding that cortical and spinal excitability remained unchanged during MVC indicates that spinal and/or supraspinal mechanisms were activated to compensate for the loss of spinal excitability at rest