Obituary

Želimir Procházka (1921–2003

Potential Value of Hepatic Lipids from White Sea Bream (Diplodus sargus, L.) as a Good Source of Biomedical Components: Seasonal Variations

Svrha je ovoga istraživanja bila ispitati potencijalnu važnost lipida jetre šaraga (Diplodus sargus L.) kao izvora značajnih biomedicinskih komponenata. Određen je sastav masnih kiselina u nepolarnim (triacilgliceroli) i polarnim (fosfatidilinozitol, fosfatidilserin, fosfatidilkolin i fosfatidiletanolamin) lipidnim frakcijama jetre. Da bi se ispitalo kako godišnje doba utječe na sastav masnih kiselina lipidnih frakcija jetre, ribe su lovili i analizirali tijekom zime, proljeća, ljeta i jeseni. Identificirano je ukupno 18 različitih masnih kiselina u analiziranim uzorcima. Među zasićenim masnim kiselinama najzastupljenije su bile palmitinska (16:0) i stearinska (18:0), među mononezasićenima oleinska (18:1 n-9) i palmitoleinska (16:1 n-7), a arahidonska (20:4 n-6), eikozapentaenska (20:5 n-3) i dokozaheksaenska kiselina (22:6 n-3) među polinezasićenim masnim kiselinama. Njihovi su se udjeli u različitim frakcijama lipida bitno razlikovali tijekom pojedinog godišnjeg doba. Ukupni udjel nezasićenih masnih kiselina u svim analiziranim frakcijama lipida bio je najveći u zimskom razdoblju. U proljeće su zasićene masne kiseline dostigle najviše vrijednosti u svim lipidnim frakcijama. Najveći je udjel eikozapentaenske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline utvrđen u triacilglicerolima u zimskom razdoblju. Ustanovljeno je da godišnje doba utječe i na indekse nezasićenosti i n-3/n-6 omjere. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju ovisnost sastava masnih kiselina u lipidima jetre D. sargus o godišnjem dobu.The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential value of hepatic lipids of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, as a source of important biomedical components. Fatty acid compositions of hepatic neutral (triacylglycerols) and polar (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine) lipid fractions were determined. In order to verify the influence of a season on the fatty acid compositions of liver lipid fractions, fish were captured and analyzed in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Eighteen different fatty acids were identified in the analyzed lipid fractions. The major constituents of total fatty acids were saturates: palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids: oleic (18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), while arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) were the major constituents among polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their amounts and ratios differed significantly among seasons in different lipid fractions. Total unsaturated fatty acids in all analyzed lipid fractions were the highest in the winter period. Saturated fatty acids were the highest in the spring period in all lipid fractions. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the highest values in triacylglycerols in the winter period. Unsaturation indices and n-3/n-6 values were also influenced by the season. This study revealed a seasonality pattern of D. sargus hepatic fatty acid composition

Potential Value of Hepatic Lipids from White Sea Bream (Diplodus sargus, L.) as a Good Source of Biomedical Components: Seasonal Variations

Svrha je ovoga istraživanja bila ispitati potencijalnu važnost lipida jetre šaraga (Diplodus sargus L.) kao izvora značajnih biomedicinskih komponenata. Određen je sastav masnih kiselina u nepolarnim (triacilgliceroli) i polarnim (fosfatidilinozitol, fosfatidilserin, fosfatidilkolin i fosfatidiletanolamin) lipidnim frakcijama jetre. Da bi se ispitalo kako godišnje doba utječe na sastav masnih kiselina lipidnih frakcija jetre, ribe su lovili i analizirali tijekom zime, proljeća, ljeta i jeseni. Identificirano je ukupno 18 različitih masnih kiselina u analiziranim uzorcima. Među zasićenim masnim kiselinama najzastupljenije su bile palmitinska (16:0) i stearinska (18:0), među mononezasićenima oleinska (18:1 n-9) i palmitoleinska (16:1 n-7), a arahidonska (20:4 n-6), eikozapentaenska (20:5 n-3) i dokozaheksaenska kiselina (22:6 n-3) među polinezasićenim masnim kiselinama. Njihovi su se udjeli u različitim frakcijama lipida bitno razlikovali tijekom pojedinog godišnjeg doba. Ukupni udjel nezasićenih masnih kiselina u svim analiziranim frakcijama lipida bio je najveći u zimskom razdoblju. U proljeće su zasićene masne kiseline dostigle najviše vrijednosti u svim lipidnim frakcijama. Najveći je udjel eikozapentaenske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline utvrđen u triacilglicerolima u zimskom razdoblju. Ustanovljeno je da godišnje doba utječe i na indekse nezasićenosti i n-3/n-6 omjere. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju ovisnost sastava masnih kiselina u lipidima jetre D. sargus o godišnjem dobu.The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential value of hepatic lipids of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, as a source of important biomedical components. Fatty acid compositions of hepatic neutral (triacylglycerols) and polar (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine) lipid fractions were determined. In order to verify the influence of a season on the fatty acid compositions of liver lipid fractions, fish were captured and analyzed in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Eighteen different fatty acids were identified in the analyzed lipid fractions. The major constituents of total fatty acids were saturates: palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids: oleic (18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), while arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) were the major constituents among polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their amounts and ratios differed significantly among seasons in different lipid fractions. Total unsaturated fatty acids in all analyzed lipid fractions were the highest in the winter period. Saturated fatty acids were the highest in the spring period in all lipid fractions. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the highest values in triacylglycerols in the winter period. Unsaturation indices and n-3/n-6 values were also influenced by the season. This study revealed a seasonality pattern of D. sargus hepatic fatty acid composition

Istraživanje važnosti lipida jetre šaraga (Diplodus sargus L.), kao izvora biomedicinskih komponenata, ovisno o godišnjem dobu

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential value of hepatic lipids of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, as a source of important biomedical components. Fatty acid compositions of hepatic neutral (triacylglycerols) and polar (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine) lipid fractions were determined. In order to verify the influence of a season on the fatty acid compositions of liver lipid fractions, fish were captured and analyzed in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Eighteen different fatty acids were identified in the analyzed lipid fractions. The major constituents of total fatty acids were saturates: palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids: oleic (18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), while arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) were the major constituents among polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their amounts and ratios differed significantly among seasons in different lipid fractions. Total unsaturated fatty acids in all analyzed lipid fractions were the highest in the winter period. Saturated fatty acids were the highest in the spring period in all lipid fractions. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the highest values in triacylglycerols in the winter period. Unsaturation indices and n-3/n-6 values were also influenced by the season. This study revealed a seasonality pattern of D. sargus hepatic fatty acid composition.Svrha je ovoga istraživanja bila ispitati potencijalnu važnost lipida jetre šaraga (Diplodus sargus L.) kao izvora značajnih biomedicinskih komponenata. Određen je sastav masnih kiselina u nepolarnim (triacilgliceroli) i polarnim (fosfatidilinozitol, fosfatidilserin, fosfatidilkolin i fosfatidiletanolamin) lipidnim frakcijama jetre. Da bi se ispitalo kako godišnje doba utječe na sastav masnih kiselina lipidnih frakcija jetre, ribe su lovili i analizirali tijekom zime, proljeća, ljeta i jeseni. Identificirano je ukupno 18 različitih masnih kiselina u analiziranim uzorcima. Među zasićenim masnim kiselinama najzastupljenije su bile palmitinska (16:0) i stearinska (18:0), među mononezasićenima oleinska (18:1 n-9) i palmitoleinska (16:1 n-7), a arahidonska (20:4 n-6), eikozapentaenska (20:5 n-3) i dokozaheksaenska kiselina (22:6 n-3) među polinezasićenim masnim kiselinama. Njihovi su se udjeli u različitim frakcijama lipida bitno razlikovali tijekom pojedinog godišnjeg doba. Ukupni udjel nezasićenih masnih kiselina u svim analiziranim frakcijama lipida bio je najveći u zimskom razdoblju. U proljeće su zasićene masne kiseline dostigle najviše vrijednosti u svim lipidnim frakcijama. Najveći je udjel eikozapentaenske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline utvrđen u triacilglicerolima u zimskom razdoblju. Ustanovljeno je da godišnje doba utječe i na indekse nezasićenosti i n-3/n-6 omjere. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju ovisnost sastava masnih kiselina u lipidima jetre D. sargus o godišnjem dobu

Age Dependent Changes in Activity of Intestinal Disaccharidases and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in CD26 Deficient Mice

The profile of intestinal brush-border membrane enzyme activity is described in several mice and rat species. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) is as well an intestinal brush-border membrane hydrolase. In order to examine the consequences of CD26/DPP IV deficiency on the activity of other enzymes, CD26 deficient mice were investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age on intestinal brush-border disaccharidases (lactase, sucrase, and maltase), and alkaline phosphatase activity in CD26 deficient mice. The relationship between ageing and brush-border membrane enzymes activities was characterized in different small intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) in mice aged 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results of this study revealed that intestinal enzyme activities change statistically significantly with ageing in CD26 deficient mice. Interestingly, the horizontal patterns (duodenum to ileum) of their activities remain not affected by age

Potential Value of Hepatic Lipids from White Sea Bream (Diplodus sargus, L.) as a Good Source of Biomedical Components: Seasonal Variations

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential value of hepatic lipids of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, as a source of important biomedical components. Fatty acid compositions of hepatic neutral (triacylglycerols) and polar (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine) lipid fractions were determined. In order to verify the influence of a season on the fatty acid compositions of liver lipid fractions, fish were captured and analyzed in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Eighteen different fatty acids were identified in the analyzed lipid fractions. The major constituents of total fatty acids were saturates: palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids: oleic (18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), while arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) were the major constituents among polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their amounts and ratios differed significantly among seasons in different lipid fractions. Total unsaturated fatty acids in all analyzed lipid fractions were the highest in the winter period. Saturated fatty acids were the highest in the spring period in all lipid fractions. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the highest values in triacylglycerols in the winter period. Unsaturation indices and n-3/n-6 values were also influenced by the season. This study revealed a seasonality pattern of D. sargus hepatic fatty acid composition

Potential Value of Hepatic Lipids from White Sea Bream (Diplodus sargus, L.) as a Good Source of Biomedical Components: Seasonal Variations

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential value of hepatic lipids of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, as a source of important biomedical components. Fatty acid compositions of hepatic neutral (triacylglycerols) and polar (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine) lipid fractions were determined. In order to verify the influence of a season on the fatty acid compositions of liver lipid fractions, fish were captured and analyzed in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Eighteen different fatty acids were identified in the analyzed lipid fractions. The major constituents of total fatty acids were saturates: palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids: oleic (18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), while arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) were the major constituents among polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their amounts and ratios differed significantly among seasons in different lipid fractions. Total unsaturated fatty acids in all analyzed lipid fractions were the highest in the winter period. Saturated fatty acids were the highest in the spring period in all lipid fractions. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid achieved the highest values in triacylglycerols in the winter period. Unsaturation indices and n-3/n-6 values were also influenced by the season. This study revealed a seasonality pattern of D. sargus hepatic fatty acid composition

Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Composition of Diplodus vulgaris and Conger conger Originating from the Adriatic Sea

Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of polar (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine) and neutral (triglycerides) lipid fractions of common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris, L.) and sea eel (Conger conger, L.) originating from the Adriatic Sea (the [ibenik basin) were determined. Total lipid content in C. conger (3.7 ± 0.2 %) was almost three times higher than in D. vulgaris (1.3 ± 0.2 %). Polar lipids in D. vulgaris were almost twice as high (28.1 ± 4.2 %) as in C. conger (15.5 ± 0.2 %). Neutral lipids were present in higher proportions (71.9 ± 4.2 %) in D. vulgaris and (84.5 ± 0.2 %) in C. conger. The fatty acid composition of triglycerides was much more complex than those of polar lipid fractions. There were 25 identified fatty acids in Diplodus vulgaris and 23 identified fatty acids in Conger conger muscle tissue samples. Palmitic (16:0, 20.3–63.9 %), stearic (18:0, 5.5–58.7 %) and oleic (18:1 n-9c, 3.8–23.1 %) acid were the most abundant fatty acids in both analysed fish species, but their amounts differed significantly. Appreciable quantities of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6 n-3, 0.5–15.4 %), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5 n-3, 1.2–5.3 %), arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, 0.7–7.8 %) and tetracosaeonic acid (24:1 n-9, 0.7–4.8 %) were also found. EPA + DHA values were much higher in the Conger conger lipid fractions in comparison with Diplodus vulgaris lipid fractions, except for phosphatidylethanolamine. Our study points out that both fish species contain appreciable levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and would therefore be suitable for highly unsaturated low-fat diets